Breeding of a new kiwiberry cultivar Actinidia arguta‘Jinongruanzao No. 1’

Jinong Ruanzao No. 1 was an excellent single plant found in the wild resource survey of Baoquanshan Town, Changbai County, Baishan City, Jilin Province in 2011, and was named Changbai 1101. In June 2012, green branch grafting was carried out, and in the next year, it was planted in the planting base of Actinidia arguta in Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Baishan City. In 2014— 2015, a large number of breeding was carried out. In 2016, regional adaptability tests were carried out in Ji’an, Fusong, Changbai and other places, and successful breeding was carried out in 2022. The plant is a perennial dextral deciduous woody vine. The 1-year-old branches are grayish brown, the new shoot internodes are green with red blush, the new shoots are sparsely hairy, and the new shoots are brown. The mature leaf is oval, the leaf tip is tail-tipped, the leaf margin is single serrated or double serrated, the leaf base is round or heart shaped, the petiole color is light red, the upper surface is green, the lower surface is gray green, the leaf length is 11.5 cm, the leaf width is 8.7 cm, and the petiole length is 4.8 cm. For female flowers, an inflorescence cotains 1-3 flowers, with 5-6 oval petal, 2.2 cm corolla in diameter, reddish brown calyx, oblique style, light black anther and oval ovary. The fruit is long cylindrical, green in peel, green in flesh, green and white in core. The average fruit weight is 17.4 g, and the fruit shape index is 1.74. The fruit soluble solids content is 20.2%, the fruit sugar content is 8.46%, the acid content is 1.46%, the juice yield is 65%, and the vitamin C content is 1.427 9 mg·g-1 . The fruit development period is about 80-85 days. In Changchun area (43°48.6′ N, 125°24.2′ E, Elev. 225 m ), it sprouts in late April, blossoms in early June, and matures in late August. The number of flowers per inflores-cence is 1-3, the germination rate is 77.3%, and the branching ability is 66.7%. It has strong resistance. After continuous observation for many years and in multiple sites, there is no freezing injury, and it is highly resistant to stem base rot. The average yield of 6- year- old orchard is 18 340.8 kg · hm- 2 . The shelf life at room temperature is 5-10 d, and the cold storage period is about 45 d. It is suitable for introduction and trial planting in areas with an annual frost-free period of more than 125 days, an annual active accumulated temperature of more than 2700 ℃, and an extreme minimum temperature of not less than -38 ℃ in winter and similar production areas. It will blossom and bear fruit in the third year, and has a good yield. The suitable planting period is in the middle and late April, and the row spacing is 2.0 m× 3.5 m. When an orchard is established, dig a 60.0 cm × 80.0 cm planting hole, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and keep a proper planting depth; the reasonable pollinating tree is Green King , and the ratio of male to female is 8∶1. The shed frame or T-shaped frame is suitable, and the frame height is 200 cm; traing syatem should be single stem double vine or single dragon stem, each main vine is covered with bearing base shoots or spur-fruiting group, and the trunk height is about 170 cm. With the growth of the main vine, one bearing base shoot is selected every 40-50 cm, and one fruiting shoot is selected every 30 cm on the bearing base shoot.