Abstract:【Objegtive】Psidium guava L. is a perennial woody plant with long generations and many seeds. Its hybrid breeding work is complex. By identifying the authenticity of the F1 hybrid population of guava and actively exploring the genetic laws of its offspring traits, not only can it provide reference for early selection of hybrid offspring to improve breeding efficiency, but it also enriches the study of guava genetic laws, provides reference basis for parent selection in guava hybrid breeding, and lays the foundation for cultivating new varieties of guava.【Methods】Using the female parent Hongxiang 1 pomegranate, the male parent Emperor pomegranate, and 104 hybrid F1 plants as research materials, SRAP molecular markers were used to identify the authenticity of the hybrid. UPGMA clustering method was used to calculate genetic distance using NTSYS-pc 2.10, and cluster analysis was conducted. And the quantitative traits (single fruit quality, fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit core diameter, fruit flesh thickness, fruit TA content and TSS content) and quality traits (fruit shape, fruit surface texture, fruit skin color, fruit flesh color, fruit flesh texture, and fruit aroma) of mature fruits in the parent and hybrid F1 populations were measured, and the genetic diversity, genetic relationships, and genetic tendencies of fruit quality in the hybrid F1 population were analyzed.【Results】Using SRAP markers to identify the authenticity of 104 individual plants in the F1 hybrid of Hongxiang 1 and Emperor, 102 true hybrid plants were identified, with a true hybrid rate of 98.08%. The clustering analysis results show that at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.90, the parental and 102 hybrid F1 plants can be divided into 6 categories: The first type only has one plant,There are a total of 14 plants in the second category,There are a total of 5 plants in the third category,There are a total of 4 plants in the fourth category,The fifth type is clustered with the paternal parent Emperor, with a total of 18 plants,The sixth type is clustered with the maternal parent Hongxiang 1 , with a total of 60 plants, which is consistent with the identification of plant phenotype and fruit traits in the field. The F1 hybrid of Hongxiang 1 and Emperor showed a typical normal distribution of eight traits, including single fruit quality, fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit core diameter, fruit flesh thickness, fruit TA content, and TSS content, which should belong to quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes; The genetic trend of increasing variation in single fruit quality, fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape index, and TSS content in hybrid F1 generation is evident, with obvious super parental advantage. The TA content in the fruit shows a genetic trend of decreasing variation, while the diameter of the fruit core and the thickness of the fruit flesh show a genetic trend of decreasing variation; The six quality traits of fruit in the hybrid F1 population, including fruit shape, fruit surface texture, fruit skin color, fruit flesh color, fruit flesh texture and fruit aroma, all showed significant segregation in the F1 generation, with a large degree of dispersion and a high diversity index. The dispersion characteristics and genetic diversity levels of different fruit quality traits varied, indicating that the six quality traits were controlled by different genes. Among them, fruit shape, fruit surface texture, fruit skin color, and fruit flesh color were greatly influenced by the male parent, while fruit flesh texture and fruit aroma were mainly influenced by the female parent. 【Conclusion】The true hybrid rate of the F1 hybrid of pomegranate is 98.08%. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.90, the parental and 102 hybrid F1 plants can be divided into 6 categories. The eight quantitative traits of pomegranate, including single fruit quality, fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and fruit shape index, have significant super parental advantages, indicating that the inheritance of pomegranate fruit size is influenced by additive effects; Among the six quality traits of pomegranate, fruit shape, surface texture, skin color, and flesh color are greatly influenced by the male parent, while flesh texture and fruit aroma are mainly influenced by the female parent.
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