Breeding report of a new wine grape variety Yunniang 3

Abstract: Grape wine is increasingly favored by consumers in China. Grape varieties are very important for wine making. Breeding new grape variety with good resistance to disease is necessary for grape cultivation in southern China. Yunniang 3 is a new early-maturing wine grape variety bred by Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Insititute of Tropical Eco-agricltural Sciences of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences etc. A cross between Huajia 8 and Dong 30-1was made in 2015. The hybrid trees began bearing fruits from 2018. The strain LV3-3 performed well. The field trials were conducted in Yuanmou, Yunnan province, and Basu, Xizang Autonomous Region from 2020. It was registered as a non major crop variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and named as Yunniang 3 in 2023. The surface color of the young leaves was green, and the mature leaves were pentagonal, 5-lobed, with light markings on both the upper and lower lobes. The leaf stalk depression is open. The shape of cluster was conical. The average cluster weight was 130 g, and the maximum cluster weight was about 295 g. The average cluster length and width was 16.9 cm and 10.6 cm. The berry density was moderate, with an average single berry weight was 1.5 g. The fruit clusters were elliptical. The fruit color was purple black with no aroma. The skin thickness and astringency was moderate. The flesh was soft. The berries were easily separated from from the stem. Each berry had 1-2 seeds. The juice rate was 68%, the soluble solids content was 20%, the titratable acid content was 0.63%, vitaminC content was 4.36 mg · 100 g- 1 . In the dry and hot valley area of Yuanmou, Yunnan, this variety bud burst began in late February, blooming in late March. The berries turned color in mid May, and matured in early July. The fruit growth period was about 90 days. The plant had strong growth potential, strong aility of flower bud formation. It had bisexual flowers and was diploid. It was strongly resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew, moderately resistant to gray mold and white rot. It would be suitable for planting in wine producing areas with annual rainfall ≤700 mm, such as Yunnan province and Xizang Autonomous Region. The single stem hedgerow cultivation should be recommended.