Breeding report of Xinjiang native apple Maping 1

Abstract: Maping 1 was found from the orchard of Manas Forest Farm in Changji, Xinjiang in 2016. More than 200 trees were propagated by scions collected from a family farm in Kuitun city in 2014. The parent of Maping 1 is unknown. It should be a native variety originated in Northern Xinjiang. Regional tests were carried out in three regions of Northern Xinjiang (Changji Manas Forest Farm, Tacheng city and Tex county of Ili city) for six years. The biological characteristics of this variety were stable, it passed the examination and approval of improved varieties in 2021. This variety has moderate tree vigor, half open tree posture and medium bud burst ability. The fruit is nearly round, with smooth fruit surface, yellow green background and thick red stripes. The fruit spots are medium large and sparse. The average single fruit weight is 200 g, and the maximum single fruit weight can reach 320 g. The content of soluble solids is 14.5%, the content of total phenol is 3.22 mg · g^{- 1} , the content of vitamin C is 4.76 mg · 100 g^-1 . The flesh is yellowish white, fine, crispy, and juicy, The flavor is sour sweet similar to that of Fuji. It is a typical dessert apple. The trees could bear fruits in the second year after planting. It could enter the high-yield period in the fifth year, with a yield of 2500 kg per 666.7 m² . The fruit development period is 140-145 days, and the maturation date is late September in Northern Xinjiang. The trees could withstand the absolute minimum temperature of -30 ℃ in Northern Xinjiang. It could be planted in suitable cultivation areas of Northern Xinjiang. The spacing of Maping 1 would be 2 m×4 m. Malus sieversii would be appropriate standard rootstock for Maping 1. Maping 1 +KM23+M. sieversii could be the appropriate combination for high density cultivation. M. robusta, Xinping 2, Xinping 3 are recommended as pollination trees for Maping 1, and the ratio of the main cultivars to the pollination trees is 5∶1 to 8∶1.