Breeding report of a new mid-late ripening white peach cultivar ‘Fumi’

Abstract:‘Fumi’is a mid-late ripening peach cultivar derived from the cross between‘Baihua’and‘Yunshu No.1’in 1985 at fruit experimental station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was initially selected in 1995 for its ripening time and good taste. After regional adaptability testing at two sites (including Fengcheng town and Zhuanghang town of Fengxian district in Shanghai) over eleven years from 2007 to 2017, it was finally selected in 2017 for its good quality. In 2017, it was put on re- cords by the Shanghai Forest Variety Examination and Approval Committee. This cultivar is medium growth potential with open tree gesture. Young branches are half opened and green in color. Leaf of this cultivar is oblong oval and bluntly serrated, with size of 18.34 cm long and 4.88 cm wide. Flower type is rose bloom, petal is pink, and pollen is fertile for this peach cultivar. Fruit is mainly round, fruit shape index is about 0.96-1.03. Fruit has whitish-red peel, background color of peel is white and covered about 25% red blush on the surface. Fruit flesh of‘Fumi’is white, fine texture with a little of red flesh aroud stone, and its stone is clingstone. The average fruit weight is about 209 g, and maximum fruit weight is 365 g. Each fruit contains 1 seed, and pulp of ripe fruit is easy to be separated from peel. The content of soluble solid is 12.3%-14.6%, firmness is 10.05 kg·cm-2, and fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 122-130 d and it matures in late July and early August in Shanghai area. Germination rate, branching ability, fruit branch proportion, and inflorescence number of this peach cultivar are generally medium. It is resistant to waterlog, high temperature and high humidity. The peach variety has moderate storage capacity, cold storage life at low temperature is about 3 weeks and shelf life at room temperature is about 1 week. This cultivar can be cultivated in the area around Shanghai, it can bear fruits in third year after planted, and can reach good production after the fifth year of planted, which yield is suggested to be controlled at 18.0-22.5 t·hm-2. Orchard should better choose neutral soil that has good ability of moisture and fertilizer retention, as well as good drainage and irrigation condi- tions. Plant spacing and row spacing can be about 4 m×5 m or others, which depend on planting density and cultivation objective. This cultivar can be cultivated singly without other pollinizer cultivar. Live- stock manure should be applied at autumn or winter, and chemical fertilizer should be applied at the stage of fruit expansion. Quantity of livestock manure and chemical fertilizers should be applied base on tree situation of growth and yield. It should be pruned at both dormant season and growing season, pruning methods mainly include thinning, short cut, retract and bending, etc. Tree shape, tree vigor and tree size of this peach cultivar could be controlled by both pruning and fertilizer application.