Breeding of a mid-late ripening yellow peach cultivar Jinguan

Abstract：Jinguan is a high-quality and mid-late ripening fresh yellow peach cultivar selected from a cross between Jinxiu as the female parent and Yulu flat peach as the male parent in 2009 at the peach experimental field of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was initially selected in 2016 for its good taste and appearance, and tested for regional adaptability at Zhuanghang of Fengxian and Huinan of Pudong in 2017, at Lühua of Chongming in 2018 and at Qingcun of Fengxian in 2019. It was finally selected in 2022 for its good adaptability, and it obtained a certificate by the Shanghai City Committee for Forest Variety Validation. In Shanghai, the fruit ripening period is in late-July, and the fruit growth period in the past 4 years is 116 to 120 days, which is 22-25 days earlier than Jinxiu and 8-10 days earlier than Jinguan. It has rose-like flower with five pink petals, and its purple anther has substantial fertile pollens. The fruit is nearly round, and fruit shape index is 0.98-1.04. Skin color of fruit is yellow background covered with about 25% red blush on the surface. The average weight of fruit is around 206 g, and the maximum weight can reach 415 g. It has yellow flesh with compact texture and moderate juice, and it is clingstone, covered with red flesh nearby the stone. The soluble solids content is 12.2%-14.2%, and firmness with peel is 10-12 kg· cm-2 for the fruit at harvest, while it is varied between different harvest years. Leaf of this cultivar is 17.86 cm long and 4.19 cm wide. The flowering period ranged from late March to early April, and usually lasted 8-10 days, which differed in Shanghai area in past four years. The fruit was initially harvested from July 16 to July 23 in Shanghai area, and fruit development period was 116-120 d, while it ripened 22-25 d earlier than the cultivar of Jinxiu in past four years. This cultivar has medium storage capacity, fruit could be stored at 0 ℃ for 3 weeks and stored at room temperature for 1 week. Other pollinizer is not necessary for planting this cultivar, and spacing depends on cultivation objective. Necessary drainage and irrigation conditions in orchards are important for this cul-tivar in areas with high rainfall. In order to maintain suitable tree vigor and shape, pruning in both dormant and growing seasons is necessary. Suitable fruit thinning and applying fertilizers could improve fruit size, and bagging fruit is recommended after thinning and spraying with insecticide and fungicide.