Breeding report of a new table grape cultivar‘Zhongputao No. 12’

Abstract:‘Zhongputao No.12’is a new early ripening table grapes variety with excellent appearanceand quality. The seeding was derived from a cross between‘Kyoho’and‘Jingya’in 2005 at the vineyardin the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).Through artificial hybridization pollination, more than 1 000 hybrid seeds were got. The seedings wereplanted in vineyard in 2006. It was initially selected in 2008 for its very early ripening time. It’s about amonth earlier ripening than‘Kyoho’. After three years of observation and five years regional adaptabilitytesting at four sites (including Xinxiang city, Luoyang city, Jiaozuo city, Shangqiu city, Henan province),it was finally selected in 2018.‘Zhongputao No.12’belongs to Vitis vinifera, the vigor of plant isstrong, young branches are light reddish brown. The cross section of mature branches is nearly round,the surface is smooth and reddish-brown. The upper surface of the young leaf is red-purple, the lowersurface has medium-density creeping white fluff, and the lower surface of the young leaf is pink, andthe purple- red color on the growing young leaf gradually disappears, and finally becomes green. Theshape of mature leaf is nearly circular, the leaf is 3 or 5 cracks, the upper crack depth is deep and open,the shape of the base part is U-shaped; the lower crack is shallow and open, the shape of the base part isV-shaped. The saw-tooth shape is straight and medium-sharp. The petioles base is U-shaped and open.Petiole color is green with medium length. The grape tendrils dis-tribution are not continuous and mediumlength. The fruit cluster is conical shape. The average cluster weight is 660 g and the biggest onereaches 1 500 g. The berry is purple black color when fully ripe, the shape of berry is ellipse, the averageberry weight is 8.7 g and the biggest one reaches 13.0 g. The berries have thick pericarp; The fleshis soft and sweet with strawberry scent. The contents of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, total acid, tan- nin, vitamin C, amino acid was 18.0%, 14.5%, 0.52%, 1 180 mg·kg-1, 4.421 mg·100 g-1, 5.54 g·kg-1, respectively.And the sugar-acid ratio reached 28:1. The time from bud breaking to harvest is about 110 d,its time of bud-burst at the ending of March, and flowering at the beginning of May, fully mature date atlate- July in Zhengzhou area. The grape has strong pathogen resistance. It is resistant to anthracnose,gray mold, black acne, but attention to the occurrence of downy mildew in rainy season and the harm ofthrips at flowering stage. The grape variety has long storage and high adaptability. This variety can bearfruits next year after planted and the yield is about 7.5 tons per hectare, three years later, it can reach22.5 tons. Orchard should choose neutral sandy soil which is flat and has ability of moisture and fertilizerretention; spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 1 m×3 m or 1.5 m×3 m. This grape varietyis suitable for short branch pruning. Balanced application of both organic and chemical fertilizersbased on the plant every germination and development stage.