Abstract：【Objective】Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality traits of 88 Actinidia arguta resources preserved in the Actinidia arguta resource nursery of the Institute of Specialty Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to establish a fruit evaluation system, and to provide theoretical basis for the screening of high-quality Actinidia arguta resources.【Methods】Using 88 Actinidia arguta fruit resources as test material, the transverse, longitudinal and lateral diameters of the fruits were measured with vernier calipers, the mass of the fruits was measured with a balance, the soluble solid content was measured with a portable digital brix meter, the titratable acid content was measured with a titration method using sodium hydroxide solution, the total sugar content was measured with a sulfuric acid-anthracenone colorimetric method, and the total phenol content was measured with a Folin- phenol method. Citric acid, quinic acid, malic acid, lactic acid and vitamin C content were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation. 【Results】Differences were found among the 15 quality indexes of fruits from different Actinidia arguta germplasm resources, and there were correlations among the indexes. The maximum fruit transverse diameter of 111002 was 33.07 mm, the maximum fruit longitudinal diameter of L060503 was 44.49 mm, and the maximum fruit lateral diameter of S090602 was 30.07 mm. The fruit mass ranged from 4.13 to 18.31 g. The maximum fruit mass was L060503, which was significantly higher than the other fruits. Soluble solids content varied in the range of 7.13% to 17.73%, with the highest content being L080308, followed by 0600203 with 16.53% soluble solids. The titratable acid content ranged from 2.76 to 15.69 g·L-1, with the highest content being W030101, which was significantly higher than the other fruits. The solid-acid ratio of W010401 fruits reached a maximum of 4.93. The total sugar content varied from 14.27 to 88.02 g·L-1, with the highest content being T100503, which was significantly higher than the other fruits. The total phenol content varied from 0.41 to 1.82 mg·g-1, and the highest content was W110101, which was significantly higher than other fruits. The fruit with the highest organic acid content was 060203, and the vitamin C content was highest in W110101, reaching 206.77 mg·100g-1, significantly higher than other fruits. The results of correlation analysis showed that the transverse and lateral diameters of the fruits showed highly significant positive correlation with fruit mass and highly significant negative correlation with fruit shape index. The solid-acid ratio had a highly significant negative correlation with titratable acid content and a highly significant positive correlation with total sugar content, indicating that changes in sugar content affected the ratio of fruit solid-acid ratio. Total phenolic content showed highly significant positive correlation with citric acid content, quinic acid content, malic acid content, and vitamin C content. The 15 quality indexes of soft date kiwifruit were simplified and extracted, and the components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted, and a total of five principal components were extracted, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.384%, and the contribution rate of the 1st principal component amounted to 20.819%, and the titratable acid, vitamin C, and citric acid positively affected the 1st principal component, which mainly reflected the nutritive qualities of the fruits. The contribution of the 2nd principal component was 19.790%, which was mainly represented by the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruit and the quality of the single fruit, reflecting the appearance quality of the fruit. The contribution of the 3rd principal component was 15.490%. The main representatives were soluble solids and total sugar, reflecting the sugar content of the fruit. The contribution of the 4th principal component was 11.062%, which showed a highly significant positive correlation with fruit shape index, and the contribution of the 5th principal component was 8.222%, which showed a significant positive correlation with quinic acid and lactic acid.【Conclusion】Correlation analysis and principal component analysis screened out fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter, single fruit mass, soluble solid content, titrable acid content, total sugar content, total phenol content, organic acid content and vitamin C content as the core indexes of fruit quality evaluation. Among them, L060503, 060203, 190403, L110203, 040103 are the top 5 quality resources of Actinidia arguta.
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