Abstract: Xianfen NO.1 is a new banana cultivar which bred from a natural mutant of Guangfen NO.1 (ABB). A surviving dwarf mutant was identified from a Guangfen NO.1 orchard in Zhongshan in 2016 and then selected for tissue-culture to rapid propagation. From 2017 to 2018, 100 tissue cultured seedlings were planted in Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Guangzhou, and harvested from 2018 to February 2019. All plants grew in field exhibit dwarf characteristics and highly resistant to Fusarium wilt compared with Guangfen NO.1. In 2020, the individual plant still showed high resistance to Fusarium wilt and then collected buds to further propagation. By 2023, the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt of nearly 10000 plants in several places (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian andYunnan province) was less than 5%. The comprehensive trait is stable and named Xianfen No. 1. The pseudostem height of Xianfen NO.1 plant is 2.09 m, which is more than 1 m shorter than ‘Guangfen NO.1’ plant. The perimeter in bottom and middle of pseudostem are 70 and 48 cm, respectively. The leaf color of Xianfen NO.1 ranges from yellow green to light green. The leaf blade length is 146 cm, leaf blade width is 47 cm, and leaf ratio is 3.1. The growth cycle of the new plant is around 11-12.5 months, which is shorten than Guangfen NO.1 and Fenza NO.1. During the flowering period, the fruit axis is relatively short and usually not perpendicular to the ground. The length and girth of the bunch was 42 cm and 87 cm, respectively. The length and girth of the peduncle was 19 cm and 21 cm, respectively. The fruit is short rounded, the length and girth of the fruit was 13.5 cm and 13.2 cm, respectively. The fruit pedicel length was 2 cm. The number of hands was 8 to 12, and the number of fruits of each hand was 12 to 18. The number of fruits was 100 to 135. The average bunch weight is 12.8 kg, the average finger weight is 91 g. The planting density is 180-220 plants per 666.7 m2 and the yield is 2300 kg per 666.7 m2. The mature fruit has a bright yellow skin, which is thick and easy to peel off. The flesh texture is firm, and the hardness of mature flesh could reach 1.2~1.5 kg/cm2. The flesh is milky white, and smooth, with moderate sweetness and acidity. The soluble solid content of fruit is 28.30%, the titratable acid content is 4.99 mg·g-1, the total sugar content is 25.30%, the reducing sugar content is 23.30%, and the vitamin C content is 13.60 mg·100 g-1. Xianfen No.1 has highly resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1, Sigatoka, banana freckle, BBTV and CMV. Xianfen No.1 has stronger wind resistance because of its dwarf pseudostem, but its cold resistance is weak. It is suitable for cultivation in the banana producing areas in China and recommended to choose fields with absolute low temperature above 5 ℃. Xianfen No.1 also could be cultured in fields severely infected with Fusarium wilt.
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