Abstract: Liangyuan Longyan is a new variety of longan (Dimocarpns longan Lour.) selected from a crossing between Dawuyuan (large size) and Chuliang (high quality) made in March, 2005 by the Institute of Fruit Tree Rearch, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. SSR molecular analysis confirmed that it is a hybirid of Dawuyuan and Chuliang. The hybrid seedlings were first obtained in 2006, and plants started flowering and bearing fruit successively from 2013. In 2014, it was discovered that one of the plants exhibited excellent fruit characteristics. The new variety exhibits outstanding phenotypes as large fruit size. Over seven consecutive years from 2015 to 2021, fruit quality and fertility of Liangyuan Longyan were evaluated in comparison with its male and female parents. It was found that Liangyuan Longyan combined the female parent's large fruit and the male parent's high fruit quality traits. In March 2023, it was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Guangdong Province and named Liangyuan Longan (Yuepingguo 20220006). The tree of Liangyuan Longyan is erect and vigorous with a round canopy. The trunk is gray-brown, with rough bark and moderately pronounced cracks. The leaves are pinnate compound, with opposite leaflets mostly in 4~5 pairs, occasionally 6 pairs. The leaflets are elongated oval-shaped, long in length, slightly curled upwards, thick, with wrinkles on the leaf surface, and short wedge-shaped leaf bases, deep green in color. The sprouting period of the top buds of Liangyuan Longan is in mid to late January, with flower clusters sprouting in early February. The initial flowering period is from early to mid-March to early to mid-April, varying significantly in different years. The peak flowering period is from late March to mid-April, and the flower shedding period is in late April to early May. The flowering period of a single tree is approximately 20~30 days, while that of a single spike is 10~20 days. The flowers are in conical clusters, large in size, with a yellow-green axis, and moderately deep-cleft stigma heads. Liangyuan Longyan fruits mature from the end of July to mid-August. The fruit clusters are well-formed, with uniformly sized fruits weighing 13~18 g each. The fruit skin is yellowish-brown, presenting a good appearance. The flesh is milky white, slightly translucent, with prominent longitudinal wrinkles on the surface. It does not exude juice, with moderate juice content. The flesh is easily separated from the seed, chewy and slightly fibrous, with a sweet taste. The edible rate is 64%~69%, and the soluble solids content is 19%~21%. Compared to the male parent Chuliang, the fruits are larger, and compared to the female parent variety Daguanyuan, the fruit quality is superior. The seeds are flat-round, with medium-sized seed hilums. The ripening period in the Guangzhou region is from late July to mid-August. It has moderate productivity, with an average yield of 22.5 kg per tree in the fifth year after high grafting, and a yield of up to 724.5 kg per 666.7 m2. It is suitable for cultivation in various production areas in Guangdong Province.
PDF （）