Ziziphus jujuba Mill. is one of the important fruit trees native to China. With the continuous changes in the market, fresh jujube variety has high economic benefit and great development potential. There is an urgent need to breed new varieties of fresh jujube with both crack resistance and high fruit quality to the problem of poor crack resistance in production. The problem of jujube embryo abortion seriously restricts the process of jujube hybrid breeding, limits the selection of parents, and increases the limitations of jujube hybrid breeding. Embryo culture technology provides the possibility to solve the problem of early embryo abortion and opens up a new path for variety breeding. Scientists have attempted to use methods such as jujube embryo culture to obtain hybrid offspring, but so far there have been no reports of jujube embryos being cultured to obtain new varieties. In recent years, the author has made certain progress in the research of jujube embryo culture. We have established a system for cultivating young embryos and a technical system for cultivating young embryos through callus tissue, and obtained a batch of embryo cultured seedlings, which provides technical support for the use of young embryo culture to breed excellent jujube varieties.‘Wancuimi’ is a new cracking resistant and late maturing obtained through immature embryo culture technology through controlled hybridization of fresh jujube variety ‘Liuyuexian’. The growth vigor of this variety is moderate and robust. The main trunk is longitudinally cracked, the jujube branches are purple-red, the internode is short, the curvature is moderate, and the thorns are undeveloped. The leaf blade is ovate-lanceolate, slightly curled inward, with blunt apex, wedge-shaped base, and blunt teeth on the margin. The flowering amount is moderate, with diurnal opening. Compared with the maternal variety ‘Liuyuexian’, this variety shows shorter internodes. This variety exhibits strong early yield performance, with an average of 1.0 fruit per hanging branch of 2-3 year-old branches, while the control variety June fresh jujube has a hanging rate of 0.9 fruit. Grafted trees begin to bear fruit in the second year, with a certain yield in the third and fourth years, averaging 6750 kg·hm-2, showing strong early yield performance. The fruits of this variety are relatively large, oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.37 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.56 cm, an average single fruit weight of 14.7 g, and uniform size. The fruit shoulder is flat, the top slightly protruding, and the fruit dots are small and dense. The flesh is dense, showing significantly higher fruit strength, flesh hardness, flesh thickness, and flesh compactness than ‘Liuyuexian’. The fruit color is red, with a sweet and sour taste, and good freshness. The edible rate of fresh jujube is 95.2%, the soluble solid content is 28.4%, the soluble sugar content is 27.5%, the acidity is 0.383%, and the vitamin C content is 3580 mg·kg-1. The fruit core is middle-large, long-spindle-shaped, with plump kernels and a high kernel rate. The seeds are spindle-shaped and reddish-brown. Compared with the maternal variety ‘Liuyuexian’, the flesh of this variety is denser. This variety has strong crack resistance, with a low cracking rate averaging 3.8%, far lower than the cracking rate of 38.8% in the ‘Liuyuexian’. In the Taigu county of Shanxi, budding starts in mid-April, initial flowering in late May, peak flowering in early June, fruit coloring in mid-September, and fruit maturation in late September. The fruit development period is about 110 days, belonging to the late-maturing variety type. This variety is a fresh eating variety with dwarfing tree body, early and abundant fruiting, crack resistance, good storage resistance, late maturity, and high quality, showing promising industrial development prospects in China.
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