Abstract:【Objective】Chinese jujube industry is China's characteristic advantageous industry, in which labour-saving, safe, high-quality and efficient cultivation technology is gradually applied. For the good varieties of Chinese jujube, the reasonable water and fertilizer management is an important part of its labour-saving cultivation, but the light and simplified cultivation techniques such as water and fertilizer integration of good varieties of fresh Chinese jujube promoted in Taihang Mountain area still need to be systematically researched. The objective of this study is to explore the suitable water and fertilization conditions for growth and fruiting of Chinese jujube and provide reference for water and fertilizer management of fresh cultivars Yueguang and Dongzao in the Taihang Mountain area. 【Methods】This experiment was conducted at the Hebei Agricultural University-Fuping Comprehensive Experimental Station of Chinese Jujube Industry in Fuping County, Baoding City, Hebei Province from 2021 to 2022. The materials were 5-year old Yueguang and Dongzao trees. Their branch and leaf growth (number of newly emerged jujube shoots, extension shoot length, extension shoot diameter, secondary shoot internode length, secondary shoot length of extension shoot, bearing shoot length, number of leaves per bearing shoot, content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg elements), flowering(number of inflorescence per bearing shoot and flowers per bearing shoot), and fruit quality(single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape index, Vc content, titratable acid content, soluble sugar content, soluble solid content, sugar acid ratio) were investigated under four conditions, including low water and fertilizer treatment (10 t of drip irrigation water, 15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per mu per year), medium water and fertilizer treatment (12 t of drip irrigation water, 20 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per mu per year), high water and fertilizer treatment (14 t of drip irrigation water, 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer A and 40 kg of water-soluble fertilizer B per mu per year) and CK control with no water and fertilizer.【Results】The results showed that the differences in water and fertilization conditions had no significant effects on the length of bearing shoots in both Yueguang and Dongzao varieties. The number of newly emerged jujube shoots, extension shoot length, secondary shoot internode length, secondary shoot length of extension shoot, the number of inflorescence per bearing shoot and the number of flowers per bearing shoot were significantly higher in Yueguang in the high water and fertilizer treatment than in the low water and fertilizer treatment and the CK control. The number of newly emerged jujube shoots, the number of inflorescence per bearing shoot and the number of flowers per bearing shoot were significantly higher in Dongzao after the medium water fertilizer treatment than in the high water fertilizer treatment and the CK control. Yueguang had significantly higher single fruit weights in 2021 in the high and medium water fertilizer treatments than in the low water fertilizer treatment and the CK control. Single fruit weights increased sequentially with increasing amounts of water and fertilizer in 2022, but there were no significant differences between treatments, with the high water fertilizer treatment being the highest. Under the conditions of medium and high water and fertilization treatment, the nutrient content of Yueguang fruit was generally higher. The single fruit weight of Dongzao increased with different water and fertilizer treatments compared to the CK control, increasing by 16.61%, 4.07% and 27.76% from low to high water and fertilizer treatments respectively. As the amount of water fertilizer increases, the titratable acid content and of Dongzao decreases, while the sugar-acid ratio increases and the fruit becomes sweeter. The fruit quality of Dongzao was the best under the medium water and fertilization treatment. At different developmental stages, the mineral element content in the leaves of Yueguang was dynamically changing, with N, P, K and Mg content decreasing in the later stages of fertility, and the decrease in K content favoring the accumulation of Ca elements. Dongzao leaves accumulated a higher content of mineral elements in mid-August. After the two varieties applied water fertilizer treatment, the content of N, P, K, Mg elements were higher than that of the control, and all of them increased with the increase in the amount of water fertilizer, and the peak appeared after the medium water fertilizer treatment, and then decreased. While Ca elements decreased with the increase of water and fertilizer.【Conclusion】Considering the effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on the growth of both fresh Chinese jujube cultivar Yueguang and Dongzao, as well as their fruit size and quality under the water and fertilizer integration cultivation mode in Taihang Mountain area, it is recommended that Yueguang should be supplied with high water and fertilizer (drip irrigation water 14 t/mu year, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 25 kg, large amount of elemental balanced fertilizer 40 kg14 t of drip irrigation water, 25 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and 40 kg of large amount of elemental balanced fertilizer per mu per year), while Dongzao should be supplied with medium water and fertiliser (12 t of drip irrigation water, 20 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and 25 kg of large amount of elemental balanced fertilizer per mu per year).
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