Abstract:【Objective】 Peach is an important cash crop in Shaanxi province, which plays an important role in increasing farmers' income and rural revitalization. According to the statistics of Shaanxi Yearbook in 2021, peach producing areas in Shaanxi are mainly concentrated in the Guanzhong Plain, with an output of about 640,000 t, accounting for about84% of the peach outputin the province. Among them, Xianyang area(XYA) ranks the first, and the main producing areas are distributed in Liquan, Jingyang and Qian County, followed by Dali County in Weinan area(WNA). Although Shaanxi is a suitable ecological cultivation area for peach, the overall quality of fruit is not satisfactory. Peasant household lack of science in peach garden soil management is a major reason, and they mainly rely on experience to fertilize and conduct daily soil operations. Therefore, in this study, soil samples from the main peach producing areas in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province were collected to quantitatively determine their nutrient elements. The purpose is to understand the soil conditions of peach orchard in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, explore their physical properties and nutritional abundance, and provide scientific basis for soil management and fertilization in peach orchard. 【Methods】 Soils of 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil were collected from 24 peach orchard in Xianyang area（XYA）, Baoji area(BJA), Tongchuan area(TCA) and Weinan area(WNA) in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province. Based on the nutrient classification standard of the second national soil survey and previous studies, the soil nutrient status in major peach orchard in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province was evaluated and analyzed. Including: soil bulk density, porosity, pH value and organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, effective potassium, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content. 【Results】The soil bulk density and porosity of 0～20 cm soil layer of peach orchard in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province are in the suitable range. However, in the 20～40 cm soil layer, the soil volume density was high in XYA and high with low porosity in BJA, which were beyond the suitable range. The soil is relatively tight, which is not conducive to soil nitrogen permeability and water retention The average pH of peach orchards soil in Guanzhong region was 8.1, except for the pH value in BJA between 6.4 and 6.9, which in other areas were alkaline soil, with pH value between 8.2 and 9.0. The overall level of soil fertility in Guanzhong region is not high, especially the soil organic matter is the most lacking. In the 0～40 cm soil layer, more than 66.7% of peach orchards soil organic matter and total nitrogen were in deficient levels.The content of organic matter and total nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil depth. The average content of 0~20 cm soil in Guanzhong area was 12.38 g·kg-1, and 20～40 cm soil was 10.5 g·kg-1. In addition, the average total nitrogen content in the 0～20 cm soil layer was 0.81 mg·kg-1, and the 20～40 cm soil layer was 0.58 mg·kg-1. The effective phosphorus and effective potassium content of 0～20 cm soil layer in the investigated area is basically no shortage, but with the increase of soil depth, some of the soil with 20～40 cm soil layer is lacking, especially in TCA.In the soil of 0～20 cm soil, the proportion of effective phosphorus content in the deficiency level was 16.7% and 20～40 cm. In terms of effective potassium content, 0～20 cm soil is at abundant or suitable level, and 37.5% of peach orchards in 20～40 cm soil is in deficient level.The average content of quick nitrogen (quick nitrogen = nitrate nitrogen + nitrate nitrogen) in peach orchard soil in Guanzhong region is 10.8 mg·kg-1, which is lacking.Among them, the highest nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in WNA, followed by XYA and TCA, and the lowest in BJA.【Conclusion】 According to this survey, the analysis results of the soil fertility status of the main peach orchard in Guanzhong region, Shaanxi province show that the nutrient resource management in this region should focus on increasing the soil organic matter content, fertilizing the soil and promoting the conversion of total nitrogen to mineral nitrogen. Among them, XYA and BJA areas should strengthen the deep loosening and soil preparation to increase the air permeability and water retention of 20～40 cm soil layer. Mainly affected by the geographical location, the soil pH of peach orchards in XYA, TCA and WNA except BJA is in a weak alkaline or strongly alkaline state, so the technology can be used by applying more acidic fertilizer or orchard grass to control the soil pH value.The content of total nitrogen and organic matter, mineral nitrogen, namely nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, is lacking. The main source of soil nitrogen is the provision of organic matter after mineralization and decomposition, so it is very important to fertilize the soil by increasing the content of soil organic matter.
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