Abstract: Xialimeng is a native cold-resistant early maturing variety in Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang. Its parents are unknown. It has been cultivated in Yili River basin, Tacheng, Changji and other areas for decades. Since 2006, the continuous observation of Xialimeng has found that it is early maturing, strong aroma, high yield, strong cold resistance and stable character, which has the value of popularization. Then regional experiments were carried out on the basis of existing orchards to evaluate its adaptability. For seven years, in Tekes County, Tacheng City and Qitai County conducted district tests, transplanting seedlings or tree grafting, from 2015 to 2017, and kept meticulous records of the phenology, biological traits, fruit quality and cultivation techniques of this variety. The study's findings revealed that the variety's biological properties were stable and suitable for promotion, thus leading to its eventual approval in 2023. A moderate tree, its crown a medium-sized semicircle, the color of the tree is yellowish-brown, and the tree is thick and strong, has short internode, new hairs - such is its nature. Leaf blade large, oval or nearly round. Its young trees thrive vigorously, the seedling height of the grafted year is 1~1.2 m, and the grafted diameter can reach up to 8.5 cm. Its fruit is medium in size, flat, round or cylindrical in shape, with a yellow-green surface, long and thick in the stem, a pit of rust and yellow white flesh, hard, compact, rich aroma, sweet and sour flavor. A single fruit's average weight is 110 g, maximum fruit weight 118 g, 5 cm is its longitudinal diameter and 5.7 cm is its transverse diameter. In Xialimeng fruit, 20 aroma volatile compounds were detected, comprising 10 esters, 2 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 2 ketones and 3 other types, and the characteristic aroma components such as Butyl 2-methylbutyrate, E-2-octenal, 1-hexanol and 2-methylbutyrate hexyl ester were detected. The first three of these components were called "fruit aroma", The latter is "fleshy fruit". Soluble sugar 5.04%, soluble solid 12.9%, total acid 1.38 mg·g-1, and ascorbic acid 42.52%. And the aroma retention time is long. Fruit growth period 110—120 days, it maturates from the end of July to the beginning of August in northern Xinjiang, and is a precocious variety, the fruit mainly grows on the medium-long fruit branches. This species has medium germination and branch forming ability. This species has strong adaptability, strong resistance to barren and cold, and can overwinter upright in northern Xinjiang. But the fruit is not durable storage, in the harvesting period must be lightly picked, lightly put, light loading, light unloading, according to the maturity of different stages of the harvest, the need for timely pre-cooling, storage in cold storage. It is mainly used for fresh food, fragrant smell, processing and special resource hybrid parental materials. Cultivated in northern Xinjiang's apple-suitable areas. The grafted seedlings entered the fertile period in the fifth year, and the per 666.7 m2 yield could reach 2500 kg. Direct economic benefits of 28500~36000 yuan per 666.7 m2, has significant economic benefits. The variety should be grafted asexual propagation and rootstock should be wild apple, Xinping 2, Xinping 3 as pollinating tree. The ratio of main cultivated species to pollinated trees should be between 5:1 and 8:1. Plant and row spacing of 2×5 m, timely preparation of the ground to ensure seedling survival, the use of appropriate soil, fertilizer and water management technology, tree pruning adopt crown control and dwarf technology, tree dwarf has a certain effect on cold resistance. The choice of tree type to middle stem open heart is appropriate.
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