Abstract: 【Objective】 Soil salinization is a worldwide problem that severely limits plant growth and threatens land productivity. Soil salinization leads to the inability of apples to grow normally, threatening the sustainable development of the apple industry. The salt tolerance of apples depends mainly on the rootstock. As rootstock, its graft compatibility with scion is a necessary prerequisite for normal plant growth. The graft survival rate is the most intuitive index to show the compatibility of anvil and spike combination grafting in the short term. In order to solve the practical problem that apple can't be produced normally in saline-alkali land and popularize high-quality salt-tolerant Begonia rootstocks. 【Methods】A new salt-tolerant Malus × robusta Yanxing was used as rootstock. To explore its grafting affinity with different apple cultivars. In this study, 18 commonly used apple production cultivars and high-quality new cultivars, such as Fuji, Venus Gold, Jiping No.1 and Yuguan, were selected as scions. The survival rate of grafting and the healing of grafting mouth were counted after the length of shoots stopped. After falling leaves in the second year of grafting, the growth of each anvil spike combination was investigated, including scion length, scion thickness, rootstock thickness and rootstock-scion ratio. The field compatibility constant (FCC) much higher than 2.0 indicates that the diameter of rootstock is too large, the growth of grafting parts is not coordinated, and the affinity of anvil and ear combination is poor. FCC much less than 2.0 indicates that the scion diameter is too large, the growth of the grafting site is not coordinated, and the affinity of the anvil and ear combination is poor. The comprehensive evaluation of graft compatibility was represented by the average membership degree. A larger average value of membership indicates a stronger affinity. The graft compatibility between different varieties of scion and Yanxing was evaluated based on the above indexes. 【Results】After investigation and statistics, it is found that the grafting survival rates of 18 cultivars of scion were over 90%, and the healing of grafting unions were good. Among them, the survival rate of Fuji and Changping No.8 grafting was 98%. The survival rate of Jinzhou Red Fuji and 12-20 was relatively low, which were 90%. The growth of scion and rootstock was relatively balanced, and there were a slight phenomenon of small feet, but it were not serious. In contrast, the two varieties of Jinzhou Red Fuji and Orin grafting mouth is slightly uneven, and the grafting part has a small number of nodules. Among the growth indexes, the coarseness of scions of different varieties had the greatest difference, Changping No. 8 was the coarsest and Orin was the smallest. The rootstock-scion ratio of Venus Gold, Gala and Fuji were closest to 1, while Jiping No. 2 and Jinzhou Red Fuji were relatively far from 1. The field compatibility constant (FCC) were close to 2, and the growth of rootstock and scion is relatively harmonious. The FCC values of Jinzhou Red Fuji and Huashuo were smaller and their growth rate were exceeded the Yanxing. Compared with other varieties there was a slightly obvious small foot phenomenon, graft compatibility was relatively poor. The subordinate function analysis was used to evaluate each index comprehensively. Fuji, Venus Gold, Jiping No.1, Changping No. 8 and Jiping No. 5 showed the best grafting affinity with Yanxing. According to the rank of average membership, Fuji has the highest graft compatibility with Yanxing, and it is also the best in graft survival rate, graft opening healing and growth. Jiping No. 2 showed a short-term affinity phenomenon and died in the third year of growth. The phenomenon of yellow leaves and slow plant growth appeared in the third year of Orin, which may be related to the distant relationship between these two varieties and Yanxing. 【Conclusion】To sum up, Yanxing as rootstock had good grafting affinity with most apple cultivars, but only a few cultivars were not suitable. Fuji and Venus Gold are the best scion varieties with Yanxing. The graft compatibility of Jiping No. 2, Jinzhou Red Fuji and Orin with Yanxing was slightly poor. Yanxing can be used as rootstock for apple production in saline-alkali land, and its application potential is great. This study provides a strong scientific basis for the application of Yanxing in apple rootstock. This paper lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the interaction mechanism between Yanxing and apple. At the same time, it also provides a feasible way for the development of apple industry in saline-alkali land.
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