Breeding of a new firm and crisp late-ripening sweet cherry cultivar Yanying 10

Yanying 10 is a late maturing sweet cherry cultivar developed through the hybridization between Wanhongzhu and Van. The hybridization was carried out in 2007, and the hybrid seeds were sown in spring 2008 after stratification. In spring 2009, the hybrid seedlings were transplanted into the East District of the Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, where they were planted with a spacing of 2 m × 4 m, breeding code is 2008-2-2, and managed conventionally. One of the hybrid seedlings began to bear fruit in 2013, and fruit showed firm and crisp texture and sweet taste. In spring 2016, its scions were grafted onto Daqingye rootstocks, and in spring 2017, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into the comprehensive experimental orchard of Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2019, a small amount of fruit was produced from the axillary flower buds, and in 2020, it entered the full fruiting period. Its fruit is kidney shaped, with a yellow red skin that will turn completely red. The top of the fruit is flat, and the flesh and juice are yellow; the flesh is crisp and firm, with a sweet taste. The single fruit weight is 9.16 g in average, and can reach up to 10.28 g; the fruit stalk is short with a length of 2.32 cm; the stone is small with a flesh recovery of 94.2%. The soluble solid content of the fruit is 21.9%, and the total acid content 0.79%. The fruiting time is long, with a growth period of about 55 days and fruit matures in mid June in Yantai area. The tree is robust, with a high budbreak rate (98.2%), strong branching ability and easy flowering, with early, high and stable yields, strong stress resistance, and excellent comprehensive characteristics. The fruit is also resistant to storage and transportation, It is suitable for promoting and planting in suitable planting areas in China. Yanying 10 is a self- incompatible variety with an S- genotype of S1S9, Pollination trees with different S-genotypes and flowering period to coincide with that of yanying 10 are required, and such pollinizer varieties include Titeton, Hongdeng, Summit, etc.. Yanying 10 is highly adaptable, with good resistance and no special pests and diseases. Flesh of Yanying 10 is firm and crisp, and the skin is relatively thick. The cracking rate is lower compared to varieties such as Brooks, but in years with more rainfall, it may also crack. It is recommended to build rain-shelters for cultivation. Yanying 10 trees exhibit good yield stability; however, timely pruning is required to prevent the fruiting position from moving outward. It is also necessary to carry out fruit thinning to increase fruit size and improve fruit quality.