Breeding report of a new Chinese olive cultivar Jinjiaganlan

Jinjiaganlan is an early-ripening, high-quality olive (Canarium album) cultivar for fresh consumption. It was selected from seedlings of the local Xiangzhongganlan variety discovered during extensive germplasm resource surveys. In 2003, superior trees with good fruit traits such as golden-yellow skin, an oval fruit shape, rich olive flavor, crispy and refreshing texture, and high yield were identified in Liuhuang Town. The top-grafting trials performed well in 2005. 300 trees were established in 2012 in three trial sites: Liuhuang Town (Fengshun County, Meizhou City), Pingshang Town (Jiexi County, Jieyang City), and Chashan Town (Xinyi City, Maoming City). The field trials confirmed the stability of a superior strains in 2016, It was named as Jinjiaganlan in 2024. The cultivar featured a broad, rounded crown with an open growth habit and strong vigor. The leaves were pinnately compound, typically bearing 6-10 leaflets (most commonly 4 or 4.5 pairs). The leaflets were opposite, oblong in shape, yellowgreen in color when young, maturing to a smooth, glossy green with entire margins. The petioles were glabrous. Flowers were borne on racemes. The individual flower was bisexual and white in color, with three petals forming a triangular aperture at anthesis. The fruit was short-oval in shape with golden-yellow skin, and yellowish-white, crispy flesh with strong olive flavor. The average single fruit weight was 10.22 g, the soluble solids content was 13.5%, the edible portion was 83.7%, the crude fiber content was 3.6%, and the calcium content was 1.65×103 mg·kg-1 . The trees of Jinjiaganlan were vigorous, precocious and productive. The cultivar also demonstrated resistance to drought, gray spot, and anthracnose. The fruits should be packed in fresh-keeping bags for storage and had better storage ability under both ambient and low-temperature conditions compared with other varieties. The trees should be cultivated in the orchard on hills or mountains with slopes ＜25°, and deep soil layers with loose texture, or on well- drained upland sites with a water table below 1 meter. The recommended planting density would be (6-8 m) × (6-8 m) on flat or gentle slopes, and 5 m × 6 m on hillsides. Jinjiaganlan should be suitable for cultivation in Guangdong Province and similar ecological zones.