Breeding report of a new Chinese olive cultivar Wanjiaganlan

Wanjiaganlan is a newly cultivated late-maturing olive variety in China, known for its high quality and productivity. This variety originated from a natural mutation discovered in 2003 within a seedling population of Tianzhongganlan in Shijiu Village, Liuhuang Town, Fengshun County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. Its short and compact flower and fruit clusters, are key characteristics contributing to its high yield. The fruit ripens late and features by a rich olive aroma, sweetness, mild astringency, and a crisp, refreshing texture, resulting in excellent overall quality. Regional adaptability trials were conducted from 2012 to 2023 at three sites: Liuhuang Town in Fengshun County, Meizhou City; Pingshang Town in Jiexi County, Jieyang City; and Chashan Town in Xinyi City, Maoming City. On 2024, it was received the non-major crop variety evaluation certificate issued by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Guangdong Province. Wanjiaganlan is a tall tree variety that is capable of reaching up to 15 meters in height, with a broad, rounded crown and an open, vigorous growth habit. The bark of young trees is smooth, and the leaves are long and elliptical, measuring 7-15 cm in length and 2.6-5.8 cm in width. The inflorescences are white, approximately 8.6 cm long and 3.1 cm wide. The fruit is oval-shaped with yellowish-green skin and yellowish-white flesh. The texture is crisp, with a mild astringency and sweet taste, featuring a distinctive olive-like flavor. The average single fruit weight is 8.6 g, with a fruit shape index of 1.64. The fruit contains 9.7% soluble solids and has an edible rate of 82.0%, a sugar content of 2.8%, and a total acid content of 8.73 g·kg-1 . This variety ripens in early January in the Meizhou region and displays strong drought resistance. This variety is suitable for cultivation in Chinese olive- producing areas of Guangdong Province where the average annual temperature is ≥ 20 ℃ and winters are frost-free. Grafted seedlings begin to flower and fruit in the third year after planting, reaching high-yield phase in the fifth year. It is recommended to establish orchards on slopes below 25° in hilly or mountainous areas with deep, loose soil, or in dryland areas where the groundwater level is below 1 m. Recommended planting spacing is (5-8) m × (6-8) m.