Breeding of a new high-quality and high-yield banana cultivar Guijiao No. 10

Guijiao No. 10 (AAA Cavendish) is a new banana cultivar bred from a natural mutant of Brazilian banana through tissue culture and field selection. In 2010, a natural mutated individual of Brazilian banana with tall and thick pseudostems, long fruit stalk, and elongated fingers was identified in a Brazilian banana plantation in Sanya. Its suckers were excavated for tissue culture propagation, designated as TX. From 2011 to 2015, after repeated selection of healthy plants with tall pseudostems, long ear stems and fingers for bud suction, tissue culture and propagation, and field planting, the stable and excellent strain TX-23 was finally obtained. From 2016 to 2019, after multiple comparative planting experiments, the strain maintained stable biological characteristics. In 2019, the strain was named Guijiao No.10. In November 2022, Guijiao No.10 obtained the national plant variety rights (CNA20201007736). The average pseudostem height of Guijiao No. 10 was 284.56 cm. and the average pseudostem base and middle circumferences were 71.94 cm and 52.53 cm, respectively. The pseudostems were tall and sturdy, with a yellowish-green bottom color. The leaves spread out openly, the male flower buds wereoval in shape. The fruit bunch were cylindrical in shape. The fruit hands are neatly arranged. The fruit bunch length was about 84.40 cm, width was about 37.00 cm. The peduncle length was about 79.75 cm, peduncle girth was about 18.70 cm. The average fruit length was 24.17 cm, with an average width of 3.51 cm. The immature fruit peel colour was medium green , while the mature fruit peel colour was yellow , and the pulp colour at maturity was yellowish-white. The average finger mass is 149.75 g. In conventional cultivation conditions, the average yield per plant of the newly planted first-generation banana was 24.84 kg, with an average yield of 49 355.32 kg·hm-2 , representing a 10.52% increase compared to the parental Brazilian banana. The average yield per plant of the ratoon crop was 27.40 kg, with an average yield of 54 424.29 kg · hm-2 , showing an 8.23% increase over the parental Brazilian banana.The sucrose content of the fruit was about 6.20 g·100 g-1 , soluble sugar content is 20.87%, titratable acid content is 0.19 g·100 g-1 , starch content is 3.90 g·100 g-1 , vitamin C content is 12.50 mg·100 g-1 , potassium content is 364 mg·100 g-1 and soluble solids content is 22.00%.The growth period of newly planted banana Guijiao No.10 is 355-385 days. The growth period of perennial banana is 350-375 days. Both pot and field experiments for Fusarium wilt resistance evaluated that while the tested Brazilian Banana exhibited a highly susceptible resistance level, the Guijiao No. 10 variety demonstrated a susceptible resistance level. Successfully planted in the main banana producing areas of Guangxi, such as Nanning, Yulin, Chongzuo, Beihai, and Baise, suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Yunnan in China.Avoiding areas that are susceptible to cold damage as much as possible. Select suitable banana plantations with a planting density of 120-140 plants per 666.7 m2 being optimal. In areas with sufficient light, temperature, and favorable water and fertilizer conditions, the planting density can be increased to 160-180 plants per 666.7 m2 . Guangxi and Yunnan adopt autumn and winter planting and spring planting modes, and it is advisable to use double film covering (plastic film and sky film) for winter planting in autumn and winter; Hainan, Guangdong and other places should choose to plant from May to July. Before planting, organic fertilizer should be mainly applied. After planting banana seedlings, they should be watered thoroughly and thoroughly with root water in a timely manner. Balanced application of chemical fertilizers, mainly using buried compound fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, supplemented by drip or spray water-soluble compound fertilizers. In the middle and later stages, appropriate amounts of medium and trace element fertilizers should be applied in combination, and bio- organic fertilizers should also be applied. Manage the fruit clusters well. Strengthen the prevention and control of banana wilt disease, root knot nematode, leaf sheath rot disease, leaf spot disease, and black spot disease, and prevent and control elephant beetles, aphids, red spider mites, striped armyworms, leaf jumping beetles, leaf rollers, flower thrips, etc. throughout the entire growth period.