Breeding report of a cempedak new variety Huangjingmi

Abstract: Huangjingmi Cempedak is an excellent variety by seedling selection. In 2007, the Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, relying on the Agricultural Ministry's Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources Protection Project, collected fruits from superior single plants of Cempedak, obtained seeds, and cultivated seedlings. In the spring of 2008, a batch of seedlings were planted in the Cempedak base in Longhu Town, Ding'an County, Hainan Province, and after 5 years of identification and evaluation, a superior single plant LH- 1 was selected, with characteristics of early fruiting, high yield, uniform fruit shape, thick and sweet fruit bracts. Its buds were used for grafting propagation. From 2013 to 2016, it was tested in different regions of Hainan. Its main economic traits, biological characteristics, fruit quality and yield were observed from 2017 to 2021. The certificate was obtained of non-major crop varieties of Hainan Province in 2023.The tree shape was trunk sparse stratified type or conical, the tree body was semi-open, the growth vigor was moderate to strong, the density of branches was moderate, the trunk was grayish-brown and grayish-white, and the skin was smooth.The new branches were light green to green, without fuzz, and the old branches were yellow brown to gray brown, without fuzz. The leaves were leathery and alternate. It had monoecious flowers. The mature fruit was oblong, yellow-green. The fruit bracts were mostly spherical or ellipsoid, kidney or irregular, bright yellow in color. The average number of bracts per fruit was 88.5, the flesh weight of one fruit bract was 35.03 g, and the seeds are white to light brown, mostly oblong and kidney shaped. The soluble solid was 28.30%-31.70%, averagely 30.03%. The flesh quality was moderate to high. This variety was biannual fruiting in Hainan (longitude 108.37°-111.05°, latitude 18.10°-20.18°). The two flowering periods were from mid-late January to late February and from late August to early October, respectively, and the two fruit ripening periods were from mid-May to late June and from mid-January to mid-late February, respectively, and the two fruit growth periods were 115-125 days and 140-150 days, respectively. The yield was 3211-3667 kg·666.7 m-2 It had strong cold resistance, drought resistance and heat resistance, but it was not resistant to waterlogging. It would be suitable for planting in Ding’an County, Chengmai County and Changjiang County of Hainan Province and other water source areas, and it can flower and bear fruit in the third year with good yield. Plant spacing would be (6-8) m×(5-6) m.