Breeding report of a mid-late ripening yellow flat peach cultivar Zhongpan 104

Abstract: Zhongpan 104 is a mid-late ripening yellow flesh peach released from the Peach Breeding Research Group of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (ZFRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). It was derived from a cross of 06-3-137 × 07 North 5-60 made in 2012. The female parent, 06-3-137, is a yellow-fleshed peach plant, which is late maturing and has a bright red skin, and the pollen parent, 07 North 5-60, is a yellow- fleshed flat peach, which is early-maturing and has a bright red skin. The progeny consisted of 148 seedlings. It was named Zhongpan 104 in 2021. The flowers of Zhongpan 104 were pink, showy and self-pollinating with a lot of pollen. The average full bloom date in Zhengzhou was late March, and the flowering period duration was 7 to 10 days. There was no significant difference in bloom date between Zhongpan 104 and Zhongtao Huangjinmi 5. The average harvest date was 8 Aug at Zhengzhou in the observational plots. Zhongpan 104 usually ripened 10 d earlier than Zhongtao Huangjinmi 5. Its fruit development period was 137 d. The fruit of Zhongpan 104 was flat round, and the sutures were symmetrical on both sides. Zhongpan 104 was a low-acid clingstone peach with yellow, hard-melting flesh that was crispy at early ripening and became soft when fully ripe. The average fruit weight was 241 grams, and the maximum weight was 389 grams. The pericarp had short hairs with bright red color. The fruit was sweet and juicy, and the soluble solid content was 15.2%. The flesh of the fruit is fine and clingstone. The leaves are yellowish green. The field trials were conducted in Xinzheng, Xinxiang and Jiaozuo in Henan Province. The fruit yield of each experimental station was relatively stable, ranging from 1898 to 2073 kg per 666.7 m2 . flower and fruit thinning was necessary for ensuring the quality of the fruits. Generally, 2-3 fruits should be retained on the long fruit branch, 1 fruit should be retained on the short fruit branch. Cultivation with bagging should be suggested after spraying insecticides and fungicides at the young fruit stage to ensure high commercial rate of the fruits.