Breeding of a new mango cultivar Panyu No. 2

Abstract：Panyu No. 2 is a new mango cultivar selected from the seedling progeny populations of Rumang. In the 1980s, Panzhihua Agricultural Science Research Institute and Liangshan Yi Nationality Autonomous Prefecture Subtropical Crop Research Institute developed varieties such as Panxihongmang and Rumang, which contributed the early development of Sichuan mango. The popularization of local variety has resulted in an upsurge of regional mango planting. Many mango growers have carried out the propagation with seeds of Panxihongmang and Rumang. In July 2005, breeder Gou Huaike found a single plant among the 3-year-old Rumang trees in his orchard, which bore fruit earlier, with moderate fruit size, delicate flesh and sweet and rich flavor. It had obvious differences in botanic characteristics with its mother Rumang, and more than ten plants were obtained vegetatively and began to flower in 2007. The traits were consistent among plants. In 2011, the mango breeding research group of Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences officially named the line Panyu No.2, and carried out cultivar comparison experiments in the mango experimental orchard of Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, and the control cultivars were Kent, Zill and Hongyu. From 2015 to 2020, regional experiment and productive experiment were carried out in Tianyang County and Tianlin County of Baise Municipality in Guangxi Province, Renhe District and Miyi County of Panzhihua Municipality in Sichuan Province. Panyu No. 2 mango tree has strong vigor; the branches are vigorous-ly growing and erect with an average length of 29.9 cm; the leaves are elliptic to lanceolate, with an average length of 25.8 cm, an average width of 6.8 cm, and an average petiole length of 5.5 cm. The inflorescence is apical and conical with an average length of 29.3 cm and average width of 20.8 cm. Florets are 7.16-8.44 mm in diameter, and total floret number in an inflorescence in the range of 2236-3406. The proportion of amphoteric flowers is 6.61%-11.72%. The fruit is oval in shape, thick in wax powder on fruit surface, tender in flesh texture with little fiber, thick sweet in flavor, good in taste and excellent in quality. The seed is oval and multi-embryonic. The single fruit mass is 307.0-369.0 g; the flesh recovery is 79.0%-85.4% ; the soluble solid content is 18.3%-21.7% ; the total sugar content is 13.80%-16.96%; the total acid content is 0.061%-0.576%; the vitamin C content is 13.6-70.3 mg · kg^-1 ; and β- carotene is 5.78×104 μg·kg^-1 . The fruit development period is 120-150 days in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province and fruit matures from late July to mid-August, belonging to a mid-season cultivar. The top grafted trees begin to bear fruit in the second year after grafting. The average yield per 666.7 m² for 3-5 year old top-grafted trees is 1 384.5 kg. It is moderately resistant to malformation and bacterial black spot and is suitable for planting in the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River in Sichuan.