A study on nutrition requirement characteristics in different developmental phases of Jumeigui grapevine (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca)

Abstract:【Objective】Jumeigui grape (Shenyang big-berry muscat×Kyoho) is a self-selected cultivar with a large planting area in our country. It has big berry size, high quality, and a strong rose fragrance, which is widely favored by consumers. However, the problems of soft fruit and poor performance in storage and transportation of Jumeigui grape seriously affect its economic profit and large-scale promo- tion. A number of studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between the nutrient level and the firmness and the storage and transportation performance of the fruit. Currently, empirical fertiliza- tion and random fertilization in grape production in our country is widespread, which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. Balanced fertilization and formula fertilization according to the nutrient requirement characteristics of grape are necessary for green, high-quality and efficient production of grapes. This study examined the absorption and distribution, and demand of each essential nutrient element in Jumeigui grape at different developmental phases in order to provide theo- retical reference for reasonable fertilization of Jumeigui grape.【Methods】Nine year-old Jumeigui grapevines on Beta rootstock were used as the experimental materials in this study, which was carried  out in the demonstration table grape orchard, in Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences. Grapevines with even vigor and growth status were chosen before the experiment in 2017. From 2017 to 2018, uprooting of the whole vines at key developmental phases, including budding stage, early flowering stage, end flowering stage, seed development stage, veraison stage, harvest stage and leaf falling stage. Three grapevines were randomly collected at each stage. Each collected vine was divided into roots, main trunks, main canes, new shoots, leaves, leaf petioles, floral clusters or berries. The grapevines were conventionally managed, and the new shoots, leaves, leaf petioles, floral clusters and berries pruned in current season were included in the tree biomass of next stage. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured and the absorption and distri- bution ratio, demand ratio, absorption rate and demand of these mineral elements at different stages were computed and analyzed.【Results】The requirement characteristics of nutrient elements in Jumeigui grape varied at different growth stages. The absorption and distribution ratios of N and Fe from the budding stage to the early flowering stage exceeded 20%, those of Mo and P exceeded 17%, and the other elements exceeded 11%. The absorption and distribution ratios of Fe and Mo during flowering ex- ceeded 17%. Those of Cu, Zn, K, Mn, N, P and Mg were similar, in a range of 11%-14%, and those of B and Ca were less than 10%. From end flowering stage to veraison stage, the absorption and distribu- tion ratios of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu and Mo were 50.63%, 53.19%, 40.80%, 42.03%, 41.96%, 41.35%, 46.92%, 41.21%, 47.21%, 46.98% and 39.18%, respectively. The absorption and dis- tribution ratios of K and Ca from veraison to harvest exceeded 20%; those of P, Zn, Cu, B, Mn and Mg ranged 11%-15%; and Mo, Fe and N were less required, with an absorption and distribution ratio in a range of 4%-9%. The absorption and distribution ratio of Mg from harvest leaf fall reached 21.78%, those of Ca, Zn, Mo, B and Mg were similar, 14%-17%, and those of Fe, Cu, N, P and K were about 10 %. The demand for nutrition elements for production of 1000 kg of fruit was 4.77 kg, 1.41 kg, 6.08 kg, 5.05 kg, 0.96 kg, 124.86 g, 31.05 g, 26.17 g, 33.89 g, 6.83 g and 0.27 g for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The annual demand ratio of N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg was 10.00∶2.97∶12.74∶10.65∶2.02, and the demand ratio of Fe∶Mn∶Zn∶B∶Cu∶Mo was 10.00∶2.48∶2.09∶2.72∶0.55∶0.02.【Conclusion】The absorption and distribution ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper and molybdenum are the highest from end flowering to veraison. The demand for nitrogen and iron from budding to early flowering stage, the demand for potassium and calcium from veraison to harvest, and that for magnesium from harvest to leaf fall are higher than other elements in corresponding phases. The demand for potassium is the highest for Jumeigui grape, and the demand for calcium is similar to that of nitrogen, and magnesium is close to phosphorus. The fertiliza- tion management of Jumeigui grape needs to pay attention to the balanced supply of various nutrients at each growth stage.