Breeding of new seeding Phyllanthus emblica cultivar 'Baiyu'

Abstract: Phyllanthus emblica‘Baiyu'is a new variety selected from the bud mutation of root tiller.Its fruit is oblate with obvious ribs. When the fruit is ripe, the skin and flesh are green and yellowish green, respectively, with six belly lines. The average fruit weight is 10.49 g while the maximum fruit weight is 16.67 g. The longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of fruit is 23.67 mm and 31.61 mm, respectively, and the fruit shape index is 0.77. The edible rate is 91%. The fruit kernel is oval with the weight of 0.98 g, three zones and six seeds. The seed is triangular with a brown testa. The content of vitamin C is 2.82 mg · g-1, the total soluble solid and titrating acid is 8.65% and 10.62%, respectively, the total sugar is 5.8 g per 100 g, the crude fiber is 0.9%, and the content of tannin is 1.2 mg · g-1. P. emblica‘Baiyu'is larger than the local variety of‘Ruanzhiqingpi', with bigger fruit, thicker flesh, and higher edible rate. The contents of vitamin C, total soluble solid and total sugar are high, but the titrating acid,crude fiber and tannin contents are low. And it tastes sweet and refreshing, with light astringent. The fruit of P. emblica‘Baiyu'can keep fresh on the tree until February and March in the next year. It has a strong branching ability, and can be planted in Chaoshan area of Guangdong province. The adult trees shoot 4-6 times from March to November every year, usually sprouting in late February and producing new shoot in early March. The flowering period is long, mainly in April. The fruit growth period is about 160-170 days, and the ripening period is in the early and middle of October, about 15-20 days later than the local variety of‘Ruanzhiqingpi'. Its yield is high and stable, with about 909 kg per 666.7 m2. P. emblica‘Baiyu'can grow in acidic soil as well as neutral soil, but it exhibits obvious nutrient deficiency symptoms when grows in the pH value of 8.0. It is resistant to drought with a developed root system, likes warm temperature but not frost, and is suitable for growing in the hillside orchard. Overall, P. emblica‘Baiyu'is suitable for planting in Chaoshan area of Guangdong, the grafted plants can blossom and bear fruit in the following year, indicating that it has a broad market prospect.