Study on inheritance of main characters in progenies generated from crosses between the peaches with different color

Abstract: 【Objective】The demand of red-flesh peach for its antioxidative effect beneficial for the human health is increasing nowadays.However, red-flesh peach varieties are very limited for lack of breeding.'Tianxianhong'and'Boshandahong'were originated from occational seedling.'Zhongtaoziyu'and'Zaoxianhong'are the only new varieties of red-flesh bred through hybridization by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Pomology and Tea Culture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It is of importance to understand the genetic tendency of the hybrids originated from crossing between the red flesh and white flesh peaches forbreeding new varieties.【Methods】F1 progenies of five crossing combinations ['Yejihong'×'Yinhe', 'Xiayinu'×'Banjintao', 'Ruiguang 18'×'Beijingyixianhong', 'Yejihong'×'00-20-42' ('Xiaguang'×'NF') , 'Xiacui'×'Beijingyixianhong'] were used as materials to analyze the inheritance tendency of fruit characters.'Banjintao''Yejihong'and'Beijingyixianhong'are red-flesh, 'Xiayinu''Yinhe'and'Xiacui'are white-flesh and'Ruiguang 18''00-20-42'are yellow-flesh.The plants started to bear fruit in 2010.The fruits were harvested and identified in 2012, 2013, 2014 and2015.The fruits were brought to the lab for processing and determination.The genetic analysis of fruit sugar, acid and anthocyanin were performed on the offspring of the group B ('Xiayinü'×'Banjintao') .The fruit samples were collected when the pulp was homogeneity on both sides of the fruit suture.One portions were used for testing soluble solids content, total acid content, anthocyanin content, another portions were stored at-20 ℃ for analyzing sugar and acid components.A handheld pocket refractometer PAL-1 was used to determine flesh SSC and titration method (PHSJ-3 F) was used to determine the titratable acid content.The contents of sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, quinieric acid, malic acid and citric acid were measured using high performance liquid chromatogtaphy (Agilent 1100) .【Results】The results showed that the red-flesh trait was dominant in the progenies of all the combinationss, for that the red/white ratio fitted on the 1:1 separation rule.Most early ripenning plants bore red-flesh fruits, while maturity of white-flesh fruits was relatively late, with transgressive inheritance tendency.The F1 fruit shape of 'Xiayinu'×'Banjintao'mostly were ovate.Among the red-flesh individuals 54.55% of the fruits were sweet, while among the white-flesh seedlings 84.31% of the fruits were sweet.The average flesh anthocyanin content of white-flesh fruits was about 0.008 1 mg·g-1, which was much lower than that of of red-flesh fruits, 0.068 7 mg·g-1.The average soluble solids content of white-flesh offspring was 10.931%, which was higher than that of the red-flesh fruits, 9.683%.The average sucrose content of white-flesh fruits was 43.069 g·L-1 and that of red-flesh fruits was 40.087 g·L-1.The sorbitol content of white-flesh fruits was 5.322 g·L-1, and that of the red-flesh fruits was 3.515 g·L-1.There was no difference in the average glucose and fructose content among the fruits with different flesh colors.The average titratable acid content of white-flesh was 0.207%, and that of the red-flesh fruits was 0.356%.The average malic acid content of the white-flesh fruits and the red-flesh fruits was2.289 g·L-1 and 3.009 g·L-1, respectively.The citric acid content was the lowest in the fruits of the offsprings.Coefficient of variation of the SSC was the lowerest, and that of the acid was the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination, the mid-parent heterosis and the over-parent heterosis of sucrose content were the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination, of the anthocyanin was the lowest (23.159%) , while mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis, of it were negative.【Conclusion】The red-flesh was dominant in the progenies of all the cross combinations.The red flesh might be related to the early ripenning of the fruits.The transmiting ability of cross combination and the over-parent heterosis of the soluble sugar in the F1 population of'Xiayinü'× Banjintao'was the highest, the majority of th eoffsprings were sweet, implying the possibility of increase of th esugar content by improvement, while the transmiting ability of cross combinatio of the anthocyanin, was the lowerest.