Advances in research on efficient utilization of fertigation in fruit trees

Abstract: China is the world's largest producer of fruits. It is an urgent issue for the sustainable development of the fruit tree industry on how to improve the efficiency of resource use, to realize ecodevelopment, to improve the quality of fruits, to increase the income of farmers, to rejuvenate the countryside.The technology of fertigation replenish fertilizer and water to the soil of crop roots uniformly and accurately with a small flow, so that the nearby soil often maintains appropriate moisture and nutrients, so that the crop nutrients are maximally absorbed. This new technology can reduce the resistance of diffusion and mass flow, and create a stable root environment for crops. It can also realize the interaction between water and fertilizer, and effectively control the quantity and frequency of irrigation water. Meanwhile, according to the soil nutrient content, crop nutrition characteristics and fertilizer requirements, regulate the mode of fertilization, so that the soil around the roots always maintain the best supply and demand status, and can improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. Fertigation may be an effective way to solve this problem. This paper briefly introduces the problems of water and fertilizer in fruit trees, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different fertigation methods. The drip irrigation can not only significantly increase crop yields and promote crop growth, improve crop quality, increase water and fertilizer use efficiency, but also inhibit soil degradation and ensure that soil microbial activity is at a high level. Therefore, drip irrigation fertilization mode is currently the most widely used and most water-saving irrigation fertilization mode, and has received much attention in the development of modern intensive agriculture. It analyzed the application effects of fertigation technology on fruit trees production, fertilizer efficiency, fruit quality, water and fertilizer saving, and labor productivity etc. The conclusion revealed that the fertigation technology is stable and versatile. And it is concluded that although the investment cost of fertigation technology is high in the initial period, its economic benefits are much higher than that of conventional irrigation and fertilization, and there is still much room for improvement. It is important to reduce the labor intensity and save water and fertilizer resources. At the same time, the distribution and transfer of water and nutrients in soil under fertigation technology conditions were expounded, and the transfer and transformation laws of N, P and K nutrients under the conditions of water and fertilizer integration was also analyzed in detail. From the article, we can understand that the laws of nutrient element migration and transformation in soil and effective utilization of fruit trees have influenced the effective application of water and fertilizer control technologies and the exertion of effects. Therefore, accurately grasp and understand migration and transformation of the nutrient elements under the conditions of fertigation technology is of great significance. Through literature review and analysis, the effects of water and fertilizer integration techniques on fruit tree growth and development were reviewed from the aspects of roots, leaves, new shoots and leaf area index, and the increase of fruit yield, water and fertilizer utilization rate and fruit quality improvement were emphasized.The application effect of the other aspects reveals the stability and versatility of the fertilizer-water integration technology. Then, it also proposed that fertigation had its own limitations in terms of lack of specificity of water-soluble products, lack of professional management personnel, and imperfect supporting measures. At present, this technology is lacking in combination with soil water and fertilizer status and crop characteristics and scarcely be comprehensive considerations from the perspective of farmland ecology. Finally, potential research hotspots and development priorities in the future were explored. The research on the efficient utilization mechanism of water and fertilizer resources with the core of soil organic matter will become a key breakthrough point for further increasing the crop yield and the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. It is a major scientific issue that needs to be solved urgently to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and ecological environment. Then, the diversification of the objectives of the water-soluble fertilizer formula and the integration of functions are promoted simultaneously. The focus of this study is on the nutrient requirements of different fruit tree growth periods and the nutrient status of the growing environment. At the same time, the rules for the transfer and transformation of nutrient elements in different soil conditions are further explored. The amount of fertilizer needed for fruit trees and their growth period are accurately calculated based on the research results. For the allocation, establish a general fertilization model, and based on the field experiment, find suitable irrigation levels and fertilization levels for different regions and different fruit trees, and establish the most important irrigation volume, irrigation period, and optimal level that affect yield and fruit quality. Water and fertilizer coupling model, formulate a reasonable water and fertilizer regulation program. In the future, it is also necessary to establish a complete technical service system and provide a complete solution for fruit trees. Therefore, adopting new technologies for fertigation, improving the efficiency of the use of fertilizer resources, improving the quality of fruits, increasing the income of farmers, developing green, and revitalizing the countryside are the only way for the development of fruit trees in China.