Breeding report of a fresh-eating Zizyphus jujube cultivar ‘Bingtuomi’

Abstract: ‘Bingtuomi', a mid-late-ripening and fresh-eating variety (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) , was selected from the bud mutation of‘Jinsi 4'. It was found that a lateral branch in a high-grafted branch of‘Jinsi 4'had changed in 2004, morphological observation of variant lateral branches was carried out and compared with‘Jinsi 4'. The characteristics of variant lateral branches remained stable. After regional adaptability testing at three sites (including Qingxian, Xingtang, xianxian counties) over seven years from 2011 to 2017, it was finally selected in 2018. The tree has moderate vigor, strong branch power and exuberant foliage. The average number of fruit shoot in a 3-5-year-old jujube stocks is 3.8.The average length of fruit shoot is 27.6 cm, and the average number of leaves in a fruit shoot was 12.4.Leaves are oval, dark green, glossy, with an average length of 5.2 cm, an average width of 3.2 cm. The ratio of leaf length to leaf width is 1.64. Fruits is mainly inverted ovoid, has light-red pell. Its flesh is gold and sivler, compact, rich juice, intensely sweet. The average fruit weight is 16.33 g, maximum fruit weight is 28.2 g, the average Vertical Horizontal of fruit was 3.49 cm. The average Horizontal diameter of fruit is 3.16 cm, The fruit type index is 1.10. Nuclei are spindle-shaped with an average weight of0.49 g. Nuclei generally don't contain kernels. The edible rate is 97.0%, the content of soluble solid is37.6% at crisp ripening stage. The soluble sugar content was 37.09%, the vitamin C content was 2.47 mg · g^-1, and the total acid content was 3.96 g · kg^-1 at crisp ripening stage. Quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 105-110 d, it matures at mid to end of September in Cangzhou area. The average number of inflorescences of jujube is 12.4, and the average number of inflorescences per inflorescence is 11.5. It is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, barren-tolerant, and more resistant to cracking and shrinking fruit. Suitable cultivation area is the Eastern Plain and Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province and other regions with similar ecological conditions. After 3 years of high grafting, the cultivars enter a high-yield period, with strong ability of continuous fruit-bearing and high-yield. It is suitable for planting in plain and mountainous areas with sandy soil, sandy loam and loam. Grafting propagation is the main method. Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 2-3 m×4-5 m. The tree shape is opencenter shaped or the small and sparse canopy shape.