Breeding of a new pear cultivar 'Xinli No.11'

Abstract: 'Xinli No.11'is a new pear cultivar,which was bred by crossing'Kuerlexiangli pear' as the female parent and'Yali'as the male parent. Five single plant was initially selected in 1989 for theirs strong adaptability,good quality and different maturity charateristics,and then a single plant number'75-4-1'was finally selected for its better comprehensive quality,early fruiting,high yield,strong cold resistance and stable agronomic traits charateristics,After regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Korla area,Tarim area and Yanqi area) over five years from 2014 to 2018,it was finally selected in 2018. We applied for the registration as a new cultivar in April 2018 and got identification certificate from Trees Variety Approval Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in November 2019 and named'Xinli No.11'. The canopy was conical under natural conditions,the young trees growth potential was flourishing. Leaves were ovoid and eiiipse with average 11.30 cm length and 9.08 cm width,petiole was 3.95 cm in length. Leaf color was dark green. Flowers were pale pink,the relative position of petals was separated. The petal shape was oval,pollen was abundant.It was mainly on the short branch in the fields with ratio of 64%. The average setting rate of single flower was 35.4% and the setting rate of single inflorescene was 86.2% under the condition of natural pollination. The fruit was gourd shape and regular,shed calyx. The average single fruit weights was 181.2 g. The ground color of fruit skin was green yellow. The fruit skin was smooth and shining,the peel was thin,the fruit dot was middle-small and was not obvious. The fruit flesh was creamy white,fine and crisp. It was juicy,sour-sweet flavor and tasted delicious along with aromas. The fruit quality was excellent. The content of soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C was 13.42%,10.41%,0.108% and 41.9 mg·kg-1 fresh,respectively. The sarcocarp hardness was 4.66 kg·cm^-2. The vigor of growth of'Xinli No.11'was middle,germinating capability was high,branch development capability was middle. The fruit development period was about 140 to 150 days,the growth period per year was 210 days,and the fruit was ripening in early or middle of September in Korla,China. It can be stored in cold storage conditions for 5 to 6 months. It has the characters of early fruiting and high yield,the production of 3-4 year old tree was 2-3 times compared to'Kuerlexiangli pear'. It began flowering after 2 years of planting and the average yield of individual plant was 9.7 kg at 4 years after planting,and it had better adaptability and strong cold resistance(can survive minus 28 ℃ low temperature). The orchard should with mild saline-alkaline and well drained soil. The suitable planting space in the rows and plants are(4-5)m×(3-4) m and 4 m×1.5 m,respectively. The suitable tree shape was evacuation and thin-long spindle.'Xinli No.11'has high rate of fruit setting under natural conditions,fruit thinning should be carried out within three weeks after fallen petal with a standard of leaving fruit with good shape and bright color without any diseases and pests and mechanical injuries. The fertilizer should be provided properly according to the period of growth and development and the tree age,and the water should be provided properly according to the soil moisture,both drip irrigation and flood irrigation are available. Grapholitha molesta,Cydia pomonella and Valsa canker should be regard as the most important pests and diseases and controled by scientific using physical and chemical technology according to their occurrence rule.