Breeding report of a new grape cultivar 'Shenxiang Wuhe'

Abstract: ‘Shenxiang Wuhe'is an early-ripening and seedless grape with high yielding ability,strong pathogen resistance and aromatic flavor. The original seedling derived from the selfing progenies of‘87-1'in 1996,in the grape orchard of Shenyang Agricultural University,452 seeds were achieved in total. The seedlings were planted in 1997 and bear fruits in2000. After 4 years of observation,the good line were selected outand then grafted on the Beta rootstocks for the second selection and observation in 2004. In 2006,it was selected as the final selected line for cultivation. After several years of observation,it was characterized by seedless,strong aromatic flavor,good comprehensive characters,stable fruit bearing and strong pathogen resistance. In March of 2015,it was put on records by the non-main crop variety registration committee of Liaoning province and named as‘Shenxiang Wuhe'.‘Shenxiang Wuhe'belongs to Vitis Vinifera L.,diploid plant and bisexual flower,plant has strong growth vigor,young shoots were green,young leaves were aqua,medium tomentum on the surface of the leaves. Adult leaves was bigger and tend to nearly round,medium thickness,3-5 parted leaf lobes,oval hollow petiole was closed,serrated leaf edge,leaf surface was glossy and flat,sparse tomentum existed on the back of the leaf. Adult branches were aqua. The distribution of tendril was inconsecutive. ‘Shenxiang Wuhe'has cylindrical cluster,the average cluster length was 11.9 cm,average cluster wide was 6.8 cm,average cluster weight was 193 g,and the heaviest one can reach to 226 g. The fruit grain was oval,fruit height was 1.81 cm and fruit diameter was 1.49 cm,average grain weight was 3.7 g,the heaviest can reach to 4.7 g. Fruit skin was medium thickness. The flesh was medium hardness with sweet and strong aromatic flavor. It was also seedless. The soluble solid content was 20.5%,soluble sugar content was 16.4%,titratable acid content was 0.47%.‘Shenxiang Wuhe'was an early-ripening variety,planted outside. The fruit development period was 115 d,and it matures at the middle of August. The germination rate was 83.5%,bearing branches took 85.5% of germination number,average cluster number was 1.35 g,average fruit setting rate was 32.4% based on natural pollination. The Juvenile period is short,just need 2 years,the average single plant production was more than 4 kg,more than 1 300 kg for 667 m2 during 4years. The seedlings were grafted on strong Beta rootstocks and they should be grown in rows of 0.5-1 m×3-4 m,left 1-2 new shoots to extend growth after planting. In the first winter,2/3 length of the old shoots,in general about 1.5m were left. In summer pruning,remove the axillary shoots under the cluster,left one leaf for axillary shoots and remove their leaf centers by repeat,left 3-4 leaves for axillary shoots on the top and remove their leaf centers repeatedly. Remove the redundant inflorescences after the new shoots spread,which can decrease the nutrition consuming. Left two inflorescences for a strong branch,one inflorescence for normal branch and did not left inflorescences for the thin and delicate branches. Balanced application of both organic and chemical fertilizersbased on the plant developmental situation,using appropriate quick acting fertilizer when the plant come up,before blossom,after blossom and the fruit expand period,the early growing stage were major using nitrogenous fertilizer,in the middle and late growing stage were major using potash and phosphate fertilizer. After fruit harvest,the fertilizing quantity should be kept enough,one time irrigation before cold-proof. When all the leaves fell,cleaning the orchard,which can reduce the over-wintering germs and worm resources. In spring,spraying with 3-5°lime sulphur.‘Shenxiang Wuhe'had strong disease resistance,but in pluvial region or when air humidity was high,it was better to spray broadspectrum fungicide.