椪柑和默科特橘橙四倍体果实囊衣发育动态与化渣性评价

罗 鑫1,曹惠祥2,王婷婷1,管书萍1,伍小萌1,郭文武1,解凯东1*

1华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,武汉 430070;2襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳 441100)

摘 要:【目的】对柑橘四倍体(双二倍体)果实化渣性进行系统评价,并分析基因组加倍对化渣性的影响,为柑橘四倍体育种应用以及化渣性相关基础研究提供数据支撑。【方法】以鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体及其二倍体亲本为试材,使用扫描电子显微镜观察不同发育时期果实囊衣的细胞学结构并测定厚度;使用质构仪测定囊衣硬度与剪切功;测定不同发育时期囊衣纤维素、果胶、木质素等成分含量,并于成熟期进行果实感官评价。【结果】鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙二倍体果实的化渣性优于其对应四倍体;四倍体的囊衣厚度在多数发育时期高于其相应二倍体亲本;默科特橘橙四倍体囊衣硬度和剪切功在果实各发育时期均显著大于其二倍体亲本,而鄂柑1号椪柑四倍体则大部分时期与其二倍体亲本无显著差异;默科特橘橙四倍体囊衣中原果胶含量在果实发育后期显著高于其二倍体亲本,而鄂柑1号四倍体椪柑则与其二倍体亲本差异较小,与质构仪测定结果相符。【结论】柑橘四倍体的化渣性与囊衣厚度及囊衣中原果胶含量密切相关。

关键词:柑橘;四倍体;囊衣;化渣性;果胶含量

柑橘是世界第一大类水果,也是我国南方栽培面积最广、经济地位最重要的果树[1]。我国柑橘主要用于鲜食,提升果实品质是柑橘品种改良的首要目标。化渣性是评价柑橘果实鲜食品质的重要指标[2],也是决定柑橘果实口感和消费者购买意愿的重要因素[3]。据报道,囊衣厚度是影响柑橘化渣性的重要因素[2-3]。汤雨晴等[4]通过对南丰蜜橘不同品系化渣性进行比较,发现化渣等级和囊衣厚度存在极显著相关性;Lian等[5]对宫本温州蜜柑和橘湘早冰糖橙化渣性评价时发现,囊衣越厚、细胞层数越多,化渣性就越差。柑橘囊衣细胞壁成分主要包括纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和木质素等,相关研究认为囊衣细胞壁成分及其含量对果实化渣性产生较大影响。高婧斐等[6]认为囊衣中高含量水溶性果胶和低含量木质素、纤维素、半纤维素是清见橘橙化渣性良好的原因。吴迪等[7]则认为南丰蜜橘囊衣中原果胶含量与其化渣性密切相关,原果胶含量低、水溶性果胶含量高的品种化渣性更好。曹惠祥等[8]通过对2个柑橘三倍体果实的化渣性评价表明,囊衣中较高的纤维素、半纤维素和果胶含量可能是导致部分柑橘三倍体果实化渣性较差的重要因素。目前,柑橘化渣性研究集中在一些商业品种,且结果存在较大差异,对不同倍性间柑橘果实化渣性评价鲜有报道。

与柑橘二倍体相比,四倍体(双二倍体)通常表现出适应范围广、抗性强、果实大、无核或少核、营养丰富等优点,创制或发掘柑橘四倍体已成为柑橘遗传改良的重要方向。过去10年以来,华中农业大学基于柑橘多胚品种存在珠心细胞自然加倍的特点,从10余个砧木和60余个接穗品种中发掘出400余株四倍体[9-11],为选育多抗、广适的柑橘砧木和三倍体无核育种提供了丰富的育种材料。其中,鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体已连续多年开花结果。连续多年果实品质和育性评价结果表明,上述四倍体不仅可作为育种亲本创制三倍体,其自身也具备直接开发为新品种的潜力,但仍缺乏对其果实化渣性的系统评价。因此,本研究以鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体及其二倍体亲本为试材,通过对果实不同发育时期囊衣结构进行细胞学观察,测定其硬度、剪切功及细胞壁组分和含量,并结合成熟期果实感官评价,拟从细胞和生理水平系统阐明柑橘四倍体与其二倍体亲本在果实化渣性上的差异,探究基因组加倍对果实化渣性的影响,为柑橘四倍体果实化渣性品质改良提供科学依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试验材料

鄂柑1号椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco)和默科特橘橙(C.reticulata Blanco × C.paradise Macf.)四倍体(简称4x-PK和4x-MCK)分别是从其相应二倍体亲本(简称2x-PK和2x-MCK)实生苗中发掘获得,且已开花结果多年。上述四倍体及其二倍体亲本均定植于华中农业大学柑橘研究所种质资源圃,株行距3 m×3 m。2023年,自花后60 d开始,每隔30 d或60 d采样1次,直至果实成熟(花后240 d)。每次采样时,在树冠外围不同方向均匀采集24个大小一致的健康果实。其中,12个果实用于囊衣结构的细胞学观察及硬度、剪切功测定,剩余12个果实用于分离囊衣和细胞壁成分及其含量测定。

1.2 成熟期果实感官评价

果实感官评价在华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室进行,招募健康、无感官缺陷且具有柑橘消费经历的消费者作为评价小组成员,要求感官评价前2 h内禁烟、酒和辛辣等刺激性食物。感官评价前对评价员进行培训,介绍本次感官评价的试验目的、流程及注意事项等。感官评价的品质指标包括:酸度、甜度、风味、剥皮难易度、化渣性、出汁量、苦味、商品满意度等8项,均采用0~4分打分制。其中,酸度和苦味平均得分越低,表明该项指标表现越好;而甜度、风味、化渣性等其余6项指标平均得分越高,表明该项指标表现越好。评价员品尝完样品后,基于个人喜好对样品各项指标进行评价并打分。在感官评价过程中,为缓解评价员的感官疲劳,每个样品间隔3~5 min呈递,同时为评价员提供足量纯净水以清除样品余味。

1.3 果实不同发育时期囊衣超微结构的细胞学观察

使用扫描电子显微镜(JSM-6390LV,NTC,日本)对2个四倍体及其二倍体亲本花后60、90、150、210和240 d果实囊衣的超微结构进行细胞学观察,拍照并测量囊衣厚度。果实样品采集后,将果实赤道面附近的囊衣分离并将其切割成横切面长度为3~5 mm的小块,之后迅速转入2.5%戊二醛溶液中固定。随后,将固定好的样品送至华中农业大学电镜中心对样品进行预处理和制片,并使用扫描电子显微镜进行观察、记录和拍照,每个材料至少观察3个囊衣横截面用于囊衣厚度的统计分析。

1.4 果实不同发育时期囊衣纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶含量测定

对于花后90、150、210和240 d的果实样品,随机挑选12个果实用于测定囊衣纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶含量,每4个果实的囊衣混样为1次生物学重复,共3次生物学重复。囊衣纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、原果胶和水溶性果胶含量分别参照纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、原果胶和水溶性果胶检测试剂盒(北京盒子生物科技有限公司)说明书测定。

1.5 囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切功测定

使用质构仪(TA.XAplus,Stable Micro Systems,美国)测定囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切力,详细参照Zheng等[12]的方法。对于花后150、210和240 d的果实样品,随机选取8~12个果实进行测定。每个果实为1次重复,每个果实测定3~4个囊瓣。测定结束后,利用质构仪自带的Texture Exponent软件对数据进行分析。

1.6 数据分析

使用Excel 2016软件对数据进行整理和分析,并进行T检测;使用image J软件对囊衣厚度进行统计;使用Graphad prism 9软件对数据进行整理并绘图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 四倍体及其二倍体亲本成熟期果实化渣性比较

23名感官评价员对鄂柑1号椪柑(4x-PK)、默科特橘橙四倍体(4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)成熟期果实进行感官评价,结果显示除酸度和苦味外,其余各项指标(包括化渣性)均为二倍体亲本得分更高(图1,表1),表明二倍体亲本的化渣性等品质指标优于其对应四倍体。

表1 椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体及其二倍体亲本成熟果实感官评价
Table 1 Sensory evaluation of two tetraploids with their diploid parents at fruit ripening stage

图1 鄂柑1号椪柑(A)、默科特橘橙(B)四倍体(4x-PK、4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)成熟果实
Fig.1 Mature fruits of two tetraploids(4x-PK,4x-MCK)from Ponkan mandarin(A)and Nadorcott tangor(B)with their diploids(2x-PK,2x-MCK)

2.2 四倍体及其二倍体亲本囊衣不同发育时期硬度和剪切功比较

囊衣的机械性能可用囊衣硬度和囊衣剪切功衡量,是评价柑橘果实化渣性的重要指标。利用质构仪对2个四倍体及其相应二倍体亲本花后150、210和240 d的囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切功进行测定,结果显示(图2):随着果实发育,囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切功在2个四倍体及其二倍体亲本中变化趋势一致。囊衣硬度呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而囊瓣剪切功总体呈现先下降后上升趋势。在果实各个发育时期,4x-MCK的囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切功均显著高于2x-MCK;而4x-PK仅在花后150 d时囊衣硬度显著高于2x-PK,其余时期两者在两项指标上均无显著差异。从囊衣机械性能可知,2x-MCK的化渣性优于4x-MCK,但4x-PK的化渣性与其二倍体亲本无明显差异。

图2 鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体(4x-PK、4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)花后150~240 d果实囊衣硬度(A~B)和囊瓣剪切功(C~D)测定
Fig.2 The segmental membrane hardness(A-B)and shearing force(C-D)of two tetraploids(4x-PK,4x-MCK)compared with their diploid parents(2x-PK,2x-MCK)at 150-240 d after anthesis

*表示在P<0.05差异显著,ns表示差异不显著。下同。
*indicates significant difference at P<0.05,ns indicates that the difference is not significant.The same below.

2.3 四倍体及其二倍体亲本囊衣不同发育期结构观察和厚度测定

利用扫描电镜对2个四倍体及其相应二倍体亲本花后60、90、150、210和240 d果实的囊衣超微结构进行观察。结果显示:随着果实发育,2个四倍体与其二倍体亲本囊衣厚度总体表现为由厚变薄,且相邻囊衣呈现出由无法分离到逐渐分离的趋势;但在各发育时期,2个四倍体的囊衣均较其二倍体亲本更厚;4x-PK在花后210 d时相邻囊瓣间的囊衣已完全分离,而2x-PK、2x-MCK和4x-MCK均在花后240 d时才完全分离(图3)。经统计,果实成熟期时,四倍体4x-PK和4x-MCK囊衣厚度分别为61.852 μm和64.068 μm,分别比其二倍体亲本厚56.6%和78.7%(图4)。

图3 鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体(4x-PK、4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)花后60~240 d的果实囊衣发育动态的细胞学观察
Fig.3 Developmental dynamics of segmental membrane of two tetraploids(4x-PK,4x-MCK)compared with their diploid parents(2x-PK,2x-MCK)at 60-240 d after anthesis

图4 鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体(4x-PK、4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)花后60~240 d的果实囊衣厚度测定
Fig.4 Thickness of segmental membrane of two tetraploids(4x-PK,4x-MCK)compared with their diploid parents(2x-PK,2x-MCK)at 60-240 d after anthesis

2.4 四倍体及其二倍体亲本果实不同发育时期囊衣细胞壁成分含量测定

囊衣中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、水溶性果胶、原果胶和总果胶含量在2个四倍体及其相应二倍体亲本不同发育时期均呈现出一致的变化趋势。纤维素含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势(图5-A~B);而半纤维素含量则相反,呈现先降低后升高的趋势(图5-C~D);木质素、原果胶、水溶性果胶和总果胶含量则持续升高(图5-E~I)。

图5 鄂柑1号椪柑、默科特橘橙四倍体(4x-PK、4x-MCK)及其二倍体亲本(2x-PK、2x-MCK)花后150~240 d的果实囊衣纤维素(A~B)、半纤维素(C~D)、木质素(E~F)、原果胶(G~H)、水溶性果胶(I~J)及总果胶(K~L)含量
Fig.5 The contents of cellulose(A-B),hemicellulose(C-D),lignin(E-F),protopectin(G-H),water-soluble pectin(I-J)and total pectin(K-L)in the segmental membrane of two tetraploids(4x-PK,4x-MCK)and their diploid parents(2x-PK,2x-MCK)at 150-240 d after anthesis

4x-PK的囊衣纤维素含量在花后150 d显著低于2x-PK,在210 d和240 d时显著高于2x-PK(图5-A);与之相反,4x-MCK则在花后150 d和210 d时显著低于2x-MCK,但在240 d时两者无显著差异(图5-B)。4x-PK的半纤维素含量在花后150 d和240 d显著低于2x-PK,但在210 d时显著高于2x-PK(图5-C);而4x-MCK在花后150 d和210 d显著低于2x-MCK,但在240 d时显著高于2x-MCK(图5-D)。4x-PK的木质素含量在花后150 d时显著低于2x-PK,其余2个时期两者无显著差异(图5-E);但4x-MCK在囊衣整个发育时期均显著高于2x-MCK(图5-F)。在果胶含量方面,4x-PK的水溶性果胶和总果胶含量在花后150 d和240 d显著高于2x-PK,但在210 d时两者无显著差异;4x-PK和2x-PK囊衣中的原果胶含量总体差异较小(图5-G,I,K);而4x-MCK的水溶性果胶、原果胶和总果胶含量则在整个发育时期均显著高于2x-MCK(图5-H,J,I)。

3 讨论

柑橘果实化渣性是由多因子共同决定的动态过程,属于果实品质的质地范畴,是衡量柑橘品质的重要指标之一。目前,评价柑橘果实化渣性的方法主要包括两种:感官评价法和质构仪测定法。感官评价法是一种较为主观的评价方法,可利用该方法进行初步定性评价[13-14]。感官评价法结合质构仪化渣指标测定,不仅可将化渣性指标量化,同时感官评价结果也能反映质构仪测定的准确性。汪妙秋等[15]和魏清江等[16]对南丰蜜橘果实化渣性进行研究,发现果实化渣性和囊瓣剪切功、囊衣硬度、咀嚼度等指标存在相关性,囊瓣剪切功、硬度和阻嚼度越小,果实化渣性越好。严敏等[17]对南丰蜜橘和蜜广橘果实的化渣性进行比较,发现南丰蜜橘果实化渣性较差,主要原因是其囊衣硬度高。本研究利用质构仪测定了四倍体及其二倍体亲本不同发育时期果实囊衣硬度和囊瓣剪切功。结果显示,4x-MCK的质构仪测定数据与感官评价基本一致,而4x-PK存在差异,主要原因可能是品种间的化渣性较为接近时,不同评价员的感官评价存在差异,且评价员人数较少时导致数据与真实值之间存在偏差。因此,未来可通过扩大感官评价人员数量或批次,以缩小感官评价误差,并结合质构仪测定法对柑橘果实化渣性进行综合评价,以保障对柑橘四倍体群体化渣性的精准评价。

柑橘果实化渣性与囊衣细胞壁成分及其含量密切相关。植物细胞壁在果实生长发育过程中具有增加植物机械强度和维持细胞形态的功能,囊衣细胞壁成分及其含量变化直接影响果实质地[18-22]。囊衣细胞壁主要由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶构成。相关研究表明,果实化渣性与细胞壁物质合成代谢相关[23-25]。曾秀丽等[26]比较不同生长环境下脐橙果实的化渣性后发现,与化渣性较差的伏令夏橙相比,化渣性较好的罗脐纤维素含量较低,而水溶性果胶和水溶性膳食纤维含量较高。唐红英等[27]对南丰蜜橘果实化渣性研究时发现,果实囊衣中高含量纤维素和半纤维素是其化渣性差的主要因素。果胶作为细胞壁的重要组成部分,在果实未成熟之前主要以原果胶形成存在。随着果实成熟,原果胶降解为水溶性果胶,细胞结构随之受损,果实硬度逐渐下降[24]。研究表明,柑橘果实的化渣性与囊衣中原果胶含量相关。Wang等[28]指出化渣性差的南丰蜜橘囊衣细胞中的原果胶含量显著高于化渣性好的南丰蜜广;雷莹[2]认为果胶含量可能是影响柑橘果实化渣性的主要成分;李菲菲等[3]也认为囊衣中果胶含量是反映柑橘果实化渣性的潜在生化标志物。本文通过对四倍体及其二倍体亲本囊衣的细胞壁成分及其含量进行测定,发现2个四倍体囊衣中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量与二倍体亲本呈现明显一致的变化规律,而4x-MCK囊衣的原果胶含量在果实发育后期显著高于其二倍体亲本,4x-PK与其二倍体亲本则差异较小,与质构仪测定数据基本一致。上述结果表明,四倍体囊衣中原果胶含量可能与其化渣性直接相关,而纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量不是影响四倍体化渣性的主要因素。

囊衣厚度是影响柑橘果实化渣性的重要因素。前人研究发现,果实化渣性越差,囊衣细胞壁纤维丝密度越高、细胞壁结构越致密[2,29]。陈红等[30]通过分析柑橘感官评价与化渣性定量评价指标之间的相关性,发现囊衣厚度与化渣性感官评价结果的相关性最显著。曹惠祥等[8]对2个三倍体柑橘的化渣性进行评价,发现囊衣厚度是部分三倍体化渣性差的重要因素。本研究通过对2个四倍体及其二倍体亲本的囊衣结构进行观察,发现囊衣厚度随着果实发育逐渐变薄;但在多数发育时期,四倍体的囊衣厚度显著大于其二倍体亲本,与果实感官评价结果一致,表明囊衣厚度可能是影响柑橘四倍体化渣性的重要因素。

目前,柑橘化渣性的报道主要集中在不同柑橘品种,而不同倍性柑橘果实化渣性的评价较少。本文通过对2个四倍体及其二倍体亲本不同发育时期的囊衣发育动态进行超微结构观察,揭示了四倍体及其二倍体亲本的囊衣厚度随着果实发育均呈逐渐变薄的趋势;基于成熟期果实的感官评价、囊衣厚度测定结果和细胞壁成分及含量的比较分析,推断四倍体果实的化渣性主要由囊衣厚度和囊衣中原果胶含量决定。该规律为研究基因组加倍对柑橘果实化渣性的影响提供了重要依据,同时为柑橘多倍体果实化渣性品质改良提供了理论参考。未来,可通过整合不同技术手段,挖掘调控柑橘化渣性的关键基因,优化育种策略,以实现多倍体柑橘果实品质的综合提升。

4 结论

本文对成熟期果实进行质构仪测定与感官评价,并结合囊衣不同发育时期的细胞学观察以及细胞壁组分及其含量,对2个柑橘四倍体及其二倍体亲本果实化渣性进行系统评价,结果表明四倍体果实的化渣性主要由囊衣厚度及囊衣中原果胶含量决定,这为研究基因组加倍对柑橘果实化渣性的影响提供了科学依据。

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Observation of segmental membrane development and evaluation of mastication properties in two citrus tetraploids in comparison with their diploid parents

Luo Xin1,Cao Huixiang2,Wang Tingting1,Guan Shuping1,Wu Xiaomeng1,Guo Wenwu1,Xie Kaidong1*

(1National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation &Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441100,Hubei,China)

Abstract: 【Objective】Citrus is a widely cultivated fruit crop globally and is highly favored by consumers,with its fruit quality consistently being a focal point of research.As a key indicator for assessing citrus fruit quality,fruit mastication significantly influences consumers’taste experience.The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of mastication properties in fruits from two tetraploid (doubled diploid) citrus lines in comparison with their corresponding diploid parents,to investigate the effects of genome doubling on citrus fruit mastication,and to identify the key factors influencing these mastication properties.The findings aim to provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for improving mastication quality in polyploid citrus fruits and contribute to enhancing overall citrus fruit quality.【Methods】In this study,fruits from diploid varieties of Ponkan mandarin and Nadorcott tangor,along with their corresponding tetraploids counterparts,were selected as experimental materials.Fruit samples were collected over a period spanning from 60 to 240 days after flowering,with sampling intervals set at 30 and 60 days,respectively.A total of 24 healthy fruits with uniform size were collected from all directions around the canopy at each time point.Of these,12 fruits were used for cytological observation and texture analysis,while the remaining 12 were used for segmental membrane isolation.When the segmental membranes were collected,they were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored for subsequent analysis of cell wall components.During the fruit ripening stage,sensory evaluation was conducted to assess the fruit mastication of the tetraploids in comparation with their diploid parents.Concurrently,physical properties such as segmental membrane hardness and shearing force were precisely measured using a texture analyzer.Furthermore,the contents of cell wall components,including pectin,lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose,were measured and analyzed.Finally,scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine developmental dynamics of the segmental membrane.【Results】Fruit sensory evaluation at maturity revealed that the mastication of the diploid Ponkan mandarin and Nadorcott tangor was superior to that of their tetraploid counterparts,suggesting that the segmental membrane thickness in tetraploids was greater than that of the diploid parents.The texture analyzer measurements revealed that both the hardness and shearing force of the segmental membrane in the tetraploid of Nadorcott tangor were significantly higher than that in its diploid parent at 150,210,and 240 d after anthesis.For the tetraploid of Ponkan mandarin,no significance was observed between tetraploid and diploid in most developmental stages.The trends for both hardness and shearing force were consistent,showing a gradual decrease over time.To investigate the developmental dynamics of the segmental membrane in two tetraploids and their diploid parents,scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the ultrastructure of the segmental membrane at 60,90,150,210,and 240 d after flowering.The results revealed that the segmental membrane thickness in both tetraploids was consistently greater than that in their respective diploid parents across most of the developmental stages.Furthermore,in both tetraploids and their diploid parents,the segmental membrane displayed a trend of gradually thinning during fruit development.To elucidate the relationship between fruit mastication in tetraploids and their diploid progenitors,the cell wall composition (specifically cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,and pectin) and the content of each component were analyzed at 90,150,210,and 240 days after flowering.The results indicated that the cellulose content in the segmental membranes of both tetraploids and their diploid parents varied across developmental stages,exhibiting an initial increase followed by a decrease.And the hemicellulose content in the segmental membrane initially decreased and subsequently increased.However,at each corresponding developmental stage,there were no consistent changing patterns in the cellulose and hemicellulose content between the tetraploids and their diploid parents.The trends in cellulose and hemicellulose content contrasted with the observed trend in segmental membrane thickness,indicating that these components were not the primary factors influencing fruit mastication in tetraploids.The lignin content in the tetraploid Nadorcott tangor was consistently higher than that in its diploid parent throughout the developmental period,peaking at 240 d after flowering.In terms of pectin content,protopectin levels in the segmental membrane of both tetraploids and their diploid parents were consistently higher than those of water-soluble pectin across all developmental stages.For protopectin,its content in the segmental membrane of tetraploid Nadorcott tangor was significantly higher than that of its diploid parent throughout each stage of fruit development.Nevertheless,there was minimal difference in protopectin content between the tetraploid of Ponkan mandarin and its diploid parent,which was in line with the results measured by the texture analyzer.The content of water-soluble pectin exhibited a continuous increase throughout development,with tetraploids showing higher levels than their diploid counterparts at almost stages.This difference became most pronounced at 240 d after anthesis.The total pectin content also exhibited an overall increasingtrend,with tetraploids showing significantly higher levels than their corresponding diploid parents across nearly all developmental stages.【Conclusion】The thickness of the segmental membrane and protopectin content may be key factors contributing to mastication in tetraploid citrus fruits.This finding not only provides a clear direction for improving mastication quality in polyploid citrus but also establishes a crucial foundation for indepth investigation into the effects of genome doubling on fruit texture.

Key words: Citrus;Tetraploid;Segmental membrane;Mastication;Pectin content

中图分类号:S666

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2026)06-1384-10

DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250584

收稿日期:2025-10-20接受日期:2025-11-27

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1200103);湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B00501);湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB085;2025BBB009);国家柑橘产业技术体系项目(CARS-26)

作者简介:罗鑫,男,硕士,研究方向为果树生物技术与种质创制。Tel:027-87287393,E-mail:rosing0821@163.com

*通信作者 Author for correspondence.Tel:027-87287393,E-mail:xiekaidong@mail.hzau.edu.cn