玛瑙红樱桃实生苗CpPDS基因VIGS体系的建立

付 娟1,唐 涛1,吴金玉1,宋贞富2,田 田1*

1贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院·山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵阳 550025;2贵州省安顺市农业科学院,贵州安顺 562100)

摘 要:【目的】构建八氢番茄红素脱氢酶CpPDS(phytoene desaturase,PDS)基因沉默载体,在玛瑙红樱桃实生苗中初步建立烟草脆裂病毒(tobacco rattle virus,TRV)介导的病毒诱导基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)体系。【方法】构建VIGS 载体pTRV2-CpPDS 并转化农杆菌GV3101,采用压迫注射法侵染玛瑙红樱桃实生苗,通过半定量PCR、荧光定量PCR及表型观察等技术评价沉默体系的效果。【结果】与野生型和空载相比,pTRV2-CpPDS植株的新叶在侵染第15天后表现出明显的白化表型,CpPDS基因的相对表达量降低约80.42%。【结论】本研究建立的玛瑙红樱桃VIGS体系能够有效沉默叶片中CpPDS基因的表达,为玛瑙红樱桃相关基因的功能验证及分子机制研究提供了有力的技术支持。

关键词:中国樱桃;玛瑙红樱桃;烟草脆裂病毒(TRV);CpPDS基因;VIGS体系

樱桃是蔷薇科(Rosaceae)李属(Prunus)乔木,存在自交不亲和、胚败育、童期漫长(5~7 年),通过传统杂交育种改良性状的效率低,以及再生困难、转化周期长[1]、借助同源遗传转化体系验证基因的功能也受制约的问题。玛瑙红樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.)是贵州省特色果树资源[2],亲缘关系的相关研究表明其可能是欧洲甜樱桃与中国酸樱桃杂交所得的实生变异品种[3]。玛瑙红樱桃具有广阔的应用前景,如品种改良、逆境胁迫、基因功能分析等方面的研究[4]

病毒诱导基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)作为一种瞬时沉默技术[5-6],通过重组病毒载体递送靶基因片段,可在不依赖遗传转化的前提下快速抑制内源基因的表达,为木本植物基因功能研究提供革命性策略[7-9]。相较于基因编辑(如CRISPR)和其他稳定转基因技术,VIGS技术具有三大核心优势:(1)周期短:表型观测可缩短至数周[10];(2)普适性强:无需建立稳定遗传转化体系[11];(3)高通量:支持多基因并行沉默[12]。目前,该技术在棉花、烟草等草本植物中成熟应用[6,13],在蔷薇科木本果树苹果、欧洲甜樱桃等果实中也均已应用[14-15],但在中国樱桃中尚未见成功报道。该技术难点主要在于病毒载体与宿主相容性低、侵染效率不高[16]

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoene desaturase,PDS)是类胡萝卜素合成途径中的关键酶,其编码基因常用作VIGS 体系的经典报告基因,当PDS 基因被沉默时,植物类胡萝卜素合成受阻,导致植物组织产生白化表型[17-18],为沉默效率提供直观可视化标记[19]。因此,本研究利用VIGS构建带有PDS基因特异片段的烟草脆裂病毒TRV 载体[20-21],对玛瑙红樱桃实生苗中CpPDS基因进行沉默,并对沉默植株进行表型观察、半定量RT-PCR 及荧光定量qRT-PCR分析[22]。本研究在玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株中建立TRV 介导的VIGS 体系,突破了苹果、葡萄、柑橘等果树遗传转化周期长、效率低的瓶颈[23],为玛瑙红樱桃等果树基因功能验证及分子机制研究奠定了技术基础。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试验材料

1.1.1 植物材料 植物材料为玛瑙红樱桃实生苗,来自贵州大学山地植物资源与种质创新教育部重点实验室,苗龄20~30 d,生长状况良好且无病虫害感染。

1.1.2 病毒载体及菌株 沉默表达载体为烟草脆裂病毒载体(tobacco rattle virus,TRV);pTRV1、pTRV2与根癌农杆菌菌种GV3101由本实验室保存。

1.1.3 试剂及酶 本研究所需的各类分子生物学试剂及耗材均采购自专业生物技术供应商,具体来源如下:核酸内切酶(See bio,中国上海);逆转录cDNA第一链合成试剂盒(康润诚业,中国北京);植物RNA 提取试剂盒(Omega Bio-Tek,美国);质粒小提试剂盒(Tiangen,中国北京);琼脂糖凝胶电泳DNA片段回收纯化试剂盒(TaKaRa bio,中国大连);DNA分子质量标准参照物(DL2000)及无缝克隆试剂盒(Sangon,中国上海);所有PCR 引物均由专业核酸合成服务商(生工生物,中国上海)提供。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 插入片段的选择 根据玛瑙红樱桃CpPDS基因序列,使用Sol Genomics Network VIGS Tool 在线网站(https://vigs.solgenomics.net)预测目的基因插入片段,确定沉默片段后利用诺唯赞在线网站(https://crm.vazyme.com/cetool/singlefragment.html)设计带pTRV2 载体同源臂的引物[24],在上游引物和下游引物的5′端插入XbaⅠ和KpnⅠ两个酶切位点,引物序列如表1所示。

表1 本研究所用引物
Table 1 Primers used in this study

注:下划线部分为pTRV2 同源臂和酶切位点。
Note:The underlined portion indicates the homology arms of pTRV2 and the enzyme cleavage sites.

引物名称Name of primer CpPDS-F CpPDS-R TRV2-F TRV2-R qCpPDS-F qCpPDS-R qCpRSP3-F qCpRSP3-R引物序列(5′-3′)Sequences of primers(5′-3′)gagacgcgtgagctcggtaccACTCCAGTTGATATCCTAAAGCTTCTAT aaggttaccgaattctctagaTGTAGCATCAATAATTTCTGAATCACTG TATTATTACGGACGAGTGG GTTTAATGTCTTCGGGAC TGAACCTTGCCGTCCCTT TCACCGAACGCTTGCCTC TCAAGGTCAGGTAAGGGGGTC GTGAGGTGATTGTTAGTGGAAAGC

1.2.2 目的基因片段的克隆 提取玛瑙红樱桃总RNA,按照Genstar逆转录试剂盒中所述方法反转录成cDNA,以上述cDNA 为模板,用高保真酶进行PCR扩增,PCR产物回收方法按照TaKaRa胶回收试剂盒操作说明进行,PCR反应体系如表2所示。

表2 PCR 反应体系
Table 2 PCR reaction system

反应物Reagent Prime STAR Max正向引物Forward primer反向引物Reverse primer cDNA ddH2O合计Total体积Volume/μL 5.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 10.0

1.2.3 载体构建 将用特异性引物对CpPDS-F/Cp-PDS-R 扩增得到的CpPDS 基因片段与经XbaⅠ和KpnⅠ线性化的pTRV2载体使用上海生工无缝克隆试剂盒SeamlessCloning master max 按操作说明进行连接。连接完成后采用热激法将连接产物转入大肠杆菌DH5α 感受态细胞。复苏培养后,转化菌落于含卡那霉素的LB 琼脂平板进行选择性培养。通过菌落PCR 扩增及双向Sanger 测序对潜在阳性克隆进行筛选,以验证插入DNA 片段的完整性,从而构建pTRV2-CpPDS载体。

1.2.4 玛瑙红樱桃实生苗VIGS 体系的建立 将构建好的pTRV2-CpPDS 载体转入农杆菌GV3101。取pTRV1、pTRV2 和pTRV2- CpPDS 的农杆菌GV3101接种到5 mL LB液体培养基(含100 mg·L-1利福平和50 mg·L-1卡那霉素)中活化[25],在28 ℃摇床中180 r·min-1振荡培养24 h。将活化好的菌液在50 mL LB 液体培养基中(含100 mg·L-1利福平、50 mg·L-1 卡那霉素和100 mmol·L-1乙酰丁香酮)扩大培养24 h后,得到的菌液置于离心机中,以8000 r·min-1离心5 min,弃上清收集菌体,用缓冲液(含10 mmol·L-1氯化镁、10 mmol·L-1 2-吗啉乙磺酸和100 mmol·L-1乙酰丁香酮)重悬菌体至OD600=1.0。将pTRV1 分别与pTRV2(pTRV1、pTRV2 均为空载)、pTRV2-CpPDS 的重悬液等体积混合后,于28 ℃培养箱中静置3~4 h后即可用于玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株的侵染。选取苗龄为20 d、已长出2~3 片真叶、健康无病害且生长状态一致的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗,采用1 mL 无菌无针头注射器吸取菌液,通过压迫渗透法将菌液注射至植株真叶叶背,直至菌液渗透整个叶面,随后在常温下黑暗培养2 d,之后置于24 ℃、光照度20 000 lx、湿度70%的人工气候培养箱中16 h 光照/8 h 黑暗正常培养,并观察其表型变化。

1.2.5 TRV病毒的分子检测与半定量RT-PCR及荧光定量qRT-PCR 检测 为了验证TRV 病毒是否成功插入玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片基因组并表达,根据pTRV2 序列设计载体多克隆位点的特异性引物,分别以野生型玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株、空载体对照植株和沉默植株表型叶片的cDNA 为模板进行RTPCR检测。

CpRSP340S ribosomal protein)为内参对照,基于CpPDSCpRSP3基因的编码序列设计特异性引物qCpPDSqCpRSP3(引物序列详见表1),利用实时荧光定量PCR 技术对逆转录产物进行表达量检测。试验材料包括:野生型玛瑙红樱桃实生苗、pTRV2+pTRV1 侵染处理的空载体对照植株以及pTRV2-CpPDS+pTRV1 侵染处理的基因沉默植株。分别采集各组表型叶片样本,提取总RNA并合成第一链cDNA进行半定量和荧光定量检测。试验中每个样品包含3 个生物学重复和3 个技术重复。采用2-△△CT法分析数据。

2 结果与分析

2.1 pTRV2-CpPDS载体的构建

以玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片cDNA为模板,使用特异性引物对CpPDS-F/CpPDS-R 扩增得到了300 bp的CpPDS 基因片段(图1-A)。通过无缝克隆技术,将PCR 扩增获得的CpPDS 基因片段与经XbaⅠ/KpnⅠ限制性内切酶线性化的pTRV2病毒载体进行连接,成功构建了VIGS沉默载体pTRV2-CpPDS(图2)。通过XbaⅠ和KpnⅠ双酶切验证(图1-B),确认了重组载体的正确性。将重组载体质粒pTRV2-Cp-PDS通过冻融法转化导入根癌农杆菌GV3101感受态细胞。经抗性平板筛选后,随机挑选转化单菌落,采用CpPDS 基因特异性引物对(CpPDS-F/CpPDSR)进行菌落PCR验证。电泳结果显示,所检测菌落均扩增出与阳性对照大小一致的特异性条带(图1-C),证实重组载体已成功转入农杆菌宿主细胞。挑取阳性单菌落培养24 h后将菌液保存至-80 ℃超低温冰箱中备用。

图1 pTRV2-CpPDS 载体构建
Fig.1 Construction of the pTRV2-CpPDS vector

A.CpPDS 基因片段的PCR 扩增;M 为DL2000 DNA Marker;1~4 泳道为CpPDS 基因片段(300 bp)。B.重组载体pTRV2-CpPDS 质粒酶切鉴定;1 泳道为pTRV2 质粒;2~4 泳道为XbaⅠ/KpnⅠ双酶切。C.PCR 鉴定pTRV2-CpPDS 转入农杆菌GV3101;1~5 泳道为pTRV2-CpPDS 农杆菌质粒DNA。
A.PCR amplification of the CpPDS gene fragment;M.DL2000 DNA Marker;Lanes 1-4.CpPDS gene fragment(300 bp).B.Restriction enzyme digestion analysis of the recombinant vector pTRV2-CpPDS;Lane 1.pTRV2 plasmid;Lanes 2-4.Double digestion with XbaⅠ/KpnⅠ.C.PCR identification of pTRV2-CpPDS transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101;Lanes 1-5.Plasmid DNA extracted from Agrobacterium containing pTRV2-CpPDS.

图2 pTRV2-CpPDS 重组病毒载体结构示意图
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the structure of pTRV2-CpPDS recombinant viral vector

2.2 玛瑙红樱桃实生苗VIGS体系的建立与表型观察

在注射pTRV2-CpPDS 农杆菌的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗中,可观察到植株新叶(位于注射叶片上方)在注射7 d后颜色逐渐褪绿,并呈现显著的白化表型。注射15 d后,叶片白化表型如图3所示,该白化表型约可持续45 d左右。此后,沉默植株虽持续产生新叶,但未再出现白化现象。注射空载体pTRV2的植株叶片仍可以合成叶绿素,叶片正常变绿(图3)。这表明TRV介导的VIGS体系能够有效沉默玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片中CpPDS基因的表达,进而阻止叶片叶绿素合成。

图3 沉默CpPDS 基因后玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片表型特征
Fig.3 Phenotype of leaves of Manaohong cherry seedlings after silencing CpPDS gene

图片为沉默15 d 后表型图,标尺为2 cm。WT.野生型玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株;pTRV2.空载处理的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株;pTRV2-CpPDS.沉默处理的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株。
The picture shows the phenotypic diagram after 15 days of gene silence, with a scale of 2 cm. WT. Wild-type seedlings of Manaohong cherry;pTRV2.Seedlings infected with the empty vector;pTRV2-CpPDS.Seedlings subjected to silencing treatment via pTRV2-CpPDS.

2.3 TRV病毒的分子检测及CpPDS基因表达水平的检测

为确定白化现象是由CpPDS基因沉默引起的,对野生型玛瑙红樱桃实生苗植株、空载体对照植株和沉默植株均进行了RT-PCR检测TRV2的转录,结果发现在空载体侵染植株和沉默植株中均检测到pTRV2,表明TRV 病毒成功插入玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片并表达(图4-A)。同时,为了评估VIGS体系中瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片CpPDS基因的沉默水平,本研究对侵染处理45 d后的试验材料进行了相关分子生物学分析。分别采集注射pTRV2 空载体(对照组)和pTRV2-CpPDS重组载体(试验组)的植株叶片,提取RNA,并反转录合成第一链cDNA,以玛瑙红樱桃的RSP3 为内参基因进行半定量RT-PCR 分析。结果显示,注射pTRV2-CpPDS 菌液的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片中CpPDS 基因的表达量显著低于注射pTRV2 菌液的植株(图4-B)。利用荧光定量qRTPCR 分析,结果表明,与pTRV2 比较,注射pTRV2-CpPDS 的玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片中的PDS 表达量下降约80.42%(图5),表明pTRV2-CpPDS侵染的叶片中CpPDS基因被有效沉默。

图4 玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片RT-PCR 检测
Fig.4 RT-PCR analysis of leaves from Manaohong cherry seedlings

A.TRV2 病毒的分子检测;M 为DL2000 DNA Maker;1 泳道为WT;2 泳道为pTRV2;3 泳道为pTRV2-CpPDS。B.玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片中CpPDS 基因的RT-PCR 检测。
A.Molecular detection of TRV2 virus;M.DL2000 DNA Marker;Lane 1.Wild-type(WT);Lane 2.pTRV2 empty vector;Lane 3.pTRV2-CpPDS recombinant vector.B.RT-PCR analysis of CpPDS gene expression in leaves of Manaohong cherry seedlings.

图5 玛瑙红樱桃实生苗叶片中CpPDS 基因的相对表达量
Fig.5 Relative expression of CpPDS gene in Manaohong cherry seedlings

误差棒表示3 次独立重复试验的标准差。*表示显著差异(P<0.05)。
Error bars represent standard deviation of three independent replicates.*indicates significant difference(P<0.05).

3 讨 论

目前,对植物基因功能的研究主要依赖稳定的同源重组技术和CRISPR/Cas9 技术等遗传转化体系,或通过创制突变体,系统分析其表型特征、细胞结构和生理生化等指标[26-27]。然而,对于一些非模式植物,尤其是童期较长的乔木类园艺植物,因待研究基因可能阻碍植株的正常生殖生长过程,导致无法进行同源验证。因此传统遗传转化方法在解析多年生木本果树基因功能方面表现出若干技术限制。VIGS技术作为一种快速、高效且简便的研究基因功能的方法,已广泛应用于多种果树的研究中[28]。在甜樱桃[29]、梨[30]、荔枝[31]等果树中已成功构建了VIGS体系,且在苹果果实中也已利用VIGS 体系明确了花青素合成及果实乙烯合成关键基因的生物学功能[32-33]。在桃树中,TRV-VIGS 技术通过沉默CCD4基因,揭示了其在果肉呈现白色中的关键作用[34];在草莓中,利用VIGS 体系能使PDS 基因表达量显著下降,叶片和果实出现光漂白现象[35]。上述研究证明该技术在果树功能基因研究中具有重要意义,为基因功能研究提供了新的技术手段。然而,目前关于中国樱桃中该技术的建立和相关基因功能验证的报道仍较匮乏。

本研究以玛瑙红樱桃实生苗为试材,建立基于PDS 基因的VIGS 体系。通过TRV-VIGS 体系成功沉默CpPDS 基因,使该基因表达量下调约80.42%,证实了该技术在中国樱桃实生苗中的适用性。与番茄[36]、茄子[37]的VIGS 体系沉默后基因表达量相比,可能因木本植物的结构导致病毒扩散效率受到更多限制。VIGS技术虽然具有诸多优势,但在实际应用中,病毒载体的选择、靶基因片段的插入长度及植株苗龄等因素对沉默效果均有显著影响[38-39]。已有研究表明,插入片段长度在300~500 bp 时,基因沉默效果最佳[40]。在本研究中,选择插入病毒载体的PDS基因片段长度为300 bp,沉默效果较好,基因表达量显著降低,与扁桃等物种的研究结果一致[41-43]

VIGS 沉默效率也受环境条件及物种差异影响。其中,温度和湿度是影响VIGS 沉默效果的关键因素。植物物种间对温度及湿度条件的适应性呈现显著分化。番茄在21 ℃或更低的温度下可获得较好的沉默表型[42,44],而本氏烟则在25 ℃左右下表现出理想的沉默效果[42,45]。VIGS重组病毒对基因的有效沉默期通常可达1 个月[46],其通过引起同源基因的沉默与表型变异进行基因功能分析[47]。与草本植物相比,玛瑙红樱桃叶片纤维化、组织结构改变,其纤维化叶片可能会阻碍病毒载体的扩散和分布,限制病毒载体的移动,从而影响VIGS 的结果。因此,未来的研究可进一步借鉴木本植物进行多次注射的方法[48],以提高侵染效果、延长沉默时效。

由于樱桃叶片再生效率低、缺乏稳定的遗传转化平台,且主要依赖农杆菌介导法这一单一技术路线,因此其遗传转化成功案例极为有限[49]。在此背景下,VIGS 技术因其不依赖遗传转化的特性,在果树基因功能研究中展现出重要价值;然而针对玛瑙红樱桃实生苗CpPDS 基因的VIGS 体系,当前仍面临许多挑战。未来研究需聚焦侵染方法(如注射位点优化)与环境参数(如光温调控)的协同优化,以提升靶基因沉默效率并延长表型观察窗口,最终为樱桃关键基因的功能解析构建高效技术平台。

4 结 论

本研究成功构建了基于TRV 介导的玛瑙红樱桃VIGS体系,该体系稳定、有效地沉默了CpPDS基因的表达,使实生苗叶片出现白化表型。该方法为中国樱桃其他相关基因的功能验证及分子机制研究提供了有力的技术支持。

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Establishment of a VIGS system for the CpPDS gene in Manaohong cherry seedlings

FU Juan1,TANG Tao1,WU Jinyu1,SONG Zhenfu2,TIAN Tian1*

(1School of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China;2Anshun Agricultural Science Academy,Anshun 562100,Guizhou,China)

Abstract:【Objective】Cherry trees are woody perennials characterized by high genetic heterogeneity and a extended juvenile phase, which typically lasts 5-7 years. These attributes considerably constrain the efficiency of conventional hybrid breeding for trait improvement.Furthermore,the establishment of homologous genetic transformation systems in cherries remains technically challenging due to difficulties in plant regeneration and protracted transformation cycles,which significantly impede in-depth functional genomic research. Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl. (Manaohong cherry), a distinctive fruit tree resource native to Guizhou Province,has been suggested by phylogenetic studies to potentially represent a hybrid progeny derived from crosses between European sweet cherry and Chinese sour cherry.The high genetic diversity of Manaohong cherry renders it a highly valuable system for a wide range of research applications, including cultivar improvement, stress resistance studies, and comparative functional genomics between Chinese and European cherry varieties.Virus-induced gene silencing (VGS) is a posttranscriptional gene regulatory technique that utilizes modified viral vectors to introduce host-derived gene sequences into plant tissues,leading to sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs.This method facilitates rapid and transient suppression of endogenous gene expression without introducing heritable genetic changes.As a potent reverse genetics tool,VIGS allows high-throughput functional analysis of candidate genes across diverse species,and is particularly suited for studying gene function in recalcitrant perennial plants that are difficult to transform stably.Compared to stable transgenic approaches or CRISPR-based gene editing,VIGS provides distinct advantages such as shorter experimental timelines and broader host compatibility. While VIGS has been widely implemented in herbaceous model plants such as tomato and tobacco, its application in woody Rosaceae species, especially Manaohong cherry,has remained unexplored,primarily due to challenges such as viral vector-host incompatibility and low infection efficiency.In this study,we established for the first time an efficient TRV-mediated VIGS system in Manaohong seedlings.This breakthrough demonstrates the feasibility of using VIGS for functional gene studies in this woody fruit crop and provides a robust new tool for investigating molecular mechanisms in woody plants.【Methods】The TRV-mediated VIGS vector pTRV2-CpPDS was constructed using seamless cloning technology.A 300 bp fragment of the CpPDS gene was amplified by PCR with specific primers CpPDS-F and CpPDS-R,designed to include 21 bp homologous arms matching the termini of the pTRV2 vector linearized by Xba Ⅰand Kpn Ⅰ.The PCR-amplified fragment was subsequently inserted into the linearized pTRV2 vector via seamless assembly, yielding the recombinant plasmid pTRV2-CpPDS.Next,the recombinant pTRV2-CpPDS vector harboring the Phytoene desaturase(PDS)gene was successfully introduced into competent cells of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 using a freeze-thaw transformation method. This genetic transformation procedure employed cyclic temperature shocks between liquid nitrogen/-80 ℃and 37 ℃to facilitate plasmid-membrane fusion,thereby achieving highly efficient transfer of the exogenous genetic material. Subsequently,Agrobacterium cultures carrying pTRV2-CpPDS were adjusted to an OD600 of approximately 1.0 and mixed at a 1∶1 volume ratio with cultures containing the helper plasmid pTRV1.After static incubation at 28 ℃,the Agrobacterium culture was used to infect Manaohong cherry seedlings. During the inoculation procedure, a sterile needleless syringe was used to aspirate the bacterial suspension, which was then slowly injected into the abaxial surface of all true leaves of the Manaohong cherry until the entire leaf surface was fully infiltrated.After inoculation, the plants were cultured in darkness at 24 ℃, followed by normal culture with 16h of light and 8h of darkness.The efficiency of TRV-mediated VIGS was assessed through phenotypic analysis, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).【Results】At 7 days post-infection (dpi), newly developed leaves of pTRV2-CpPDS-infiltrated Manaohong cherry plants began to exhibit chlorosis,whereas leaves of wild-type(WT)and empty vector(EV)-transformed plants showed no phenotypic alterations.The chlorotic symptoms progressively intensified and expanded over the subsequent three weeks,indicating effective induction of gene silencing.By 45 dpi,WT and EV control plants maintained normal green pigmentation,whereas the newly emerged leaves of pTRV2-CpPDS-silenced plants had displayed severe photobleaching.To quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of TRV-mediated VIGS,semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the transcript levels of endogenous CpPDS in leaves collected at 45 dpi from photobleached regions of the silenced plants.Compared with wild-type(WT)and empty vector(EV)controls,the expression of CpPDS was significantly downregulated in pTRV2-CpPDS-infiltrated plants.【Conclusion】The CpPDS gene was effectively silenced in Manaohong cherry seedlings infected with pTRV2-CpPDS.Compared with the WT and EV controls,the newly developed leaves of the pTRV2-CpPDS-infiltrated plants exhibited pronounced chlorotic phenotypes,confirming the successful implementation of a TRV-mediated VIGS system in this woody species.These results demonstrate the considerable potential of VIGS as a powerful tool for functional gene studies in fruit trees and offer a viable alternative to stable genetic transformation.In the future,this system may become an important tool for studying molecular regulatory mechanisms and functional genes of developmental metabolic networks in Manaohong cherries.

Key words:Chinese cherry;Manaohong cherry;Tobacco rattle virus(TRV);CpPDS gene;VIGS system

中图分类号:S662.5

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2026)04-0960-10

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250443

收稿日期:2025-08-07

接受日期:2025-09-16

基金项目:贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般092);国家自然科学基金项目(32160701)

作者简介:付娟,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为果树抗逆分子机制。E-mail:fjuan1025@163.com

*通信作者 Author for correspondence.E-mail:tiantiangzu@163.com