据统计,2022 年中国桃栽培总面积100 hm2,80%以上用于鲜食销售[1]。桃果实采后常温放置易腐烂变质,长期的低温冷藏可导致果肉褐变、风味丧失、抗病性降低、有害物质积累等品质劣变症状,是桃产业中面临的关键性采后问题[2]。随着国内桃品种更新换代和肉质类型多元化(软溶质、硬溶质、慢溶质、脆肉、不溶质等)的快速推进,采后品质劣变症状及相关代谢酶、蛋白、基因对不同肉质类型果实衰老和调控技术表现出应答差异性,致使桃果实品质劣变症状呈现多元化趋势,鲜果贮藏保鲜与运输面临更多挑战。解析桃采后品质劣变生物学基础,开发与之匹配的品质调控技术和保鲜材料是桃产业减损增效、提升产品竞争力和促进产业可持续发展的重要环节。
近年来,国内外学者关于桃采后品质劣变生物学研究主要集中在果实质地[3-4]、糖酸[5-6]、挥发性物质[7-8]、内源激素[9-10]、抗氧化物质[11-12]及采后病害[13-14]等板块,解析了品质劣变采后生物学机制,挖掘了关键功能基因和代谢通路,并进行了功能验证。针对桃产业中存在的问题,基于采后生物学研究基础,采后品质劣变调控技术被学者广泛研究。其中 1- 甲环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)[15-17]、气体[18-20]、温度[21-22]、辐照[23-24]、外源激素[25-29]、生防菌[30-32]、植物精油[33-35]和酚酸类物质[36-38]处理均可有效缓解桃果实采后品质劣变进程,但仍未解决长期冷藏导致的果实抗病性降低、风味丧失和货架期缩短的问题。目前,多数综述局限于对果实采后质地和冷害的总结,为了解研究概况,笔者对采后品质劣变生物学、调控技术、技术和产品的产业化应用等方面的研究进展进行归纳和分析,提出了研究中存在的不足及发展趋势,同时对未来的研究方向提出建议,以期为解析桃采后品质劣变机制、研发调控技术和保鲜材料提供理论依据和技术支撑,也为采后保鲜贮运技术的应用和物化提供新的观点和思路。
果实采后软化是一个复杂的过程,包括细胞壁的降解、乙烯代谢及其他的代谢变化[39]。细胞壁中果胶的溶化及中胶层、胞间层的溶解和初生壁的破坏导致果实采后软化;硬度与水溶性果胶含量呈负相关,与原果胶含量、原果胶指数(PI)呈正相关[3]。多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)基因(PpPG)为桃果实软化和细胞壁降解的生物标志物,其中,PpPG1 和PpPG21、PpPG22 分别是影响非溶质桃和溶质桃软化的关键基因[40];多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein,PGIP1)基因(PpPGIP1)与液泡转化酶(vacuolar invertase,VIN)基因(PpVIN2)通过互作抑制桃果实软化[41]。乙烯是导致桃果实软化的直接影响因子,可独立诱导PpPG 基因的表达而调控果实软化[42];乙烯反应因子(ethylene response factor,PpERF/ABR1)可激活PpPG 基因的启动子、促进PpPG 的表达,导致果实软化[43];PpERF61 可直接激活成熟相关基因或激活PpERF61-PpSEP1(a transcriptional activator)调控桃果实乙烯生物合成和质地变化[44];1-氨基环丙烷羧酸合成酶(1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase,ACS)基因(PpACS1/4)、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸氧化酶(1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid oxidase,ACO)基因(PpACO1)[45]、ACO 基因(AF319166)[46]、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因(copperzinc-superoxide dismutase gene,PpCuZnSOD)[47]、木葡聚糖内糖基转移/水解酶3 基因(xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene,PpXTH33)[48]可通过介导乙烯代谢间接调控果实采后软化。除此之外,通过瞬时过表达桃醛酮还原酶基因(aldehyde ketoreductase gene,PrupeAKR2)可加速果实软化[49]、沉默铜胺氧化酶基因(ketamine oxidase gene,PpCuAO4)[50]和9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶家族基因(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene,PpNCED)[51]可减缓桃果实软化,桃果肉中细胞色素82A(CYP450 82A)和UDP 糖苷二磷酸葡萄糖-4-表异构酶1(UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase 1)的下调和甲基化亦可调控果实软化[52]。
果实采后糖代谢是一个复杂的过程,涉及多种途径,主要包括蔗糖代谢、己糖代谢、山梨醇代谢和淀粉代谢。蔗糖合成酶基因(sucrose synthase gene,PpSS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因(sucrose phosphate synthase gene,PpSPS)、蔗糖转运蛋白基因(sucrose transporter gene,PpST)与果实采后蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和山梨醇代谢密切相关。5 个结构基因(PpSS、PpINV、PpMGAM、PpFRK 和PpHXK)和8 个转录因子 (PpMYB1/3、 PpMYB-related1、 PpWRKY4、PpbZIP1/2/3 和PpbHLH2)共同调控桃果实采后糖代谢和抗冷性[5]。采后贮藏期间,PpaSPS2、PpaSS1和PpaST3 的表达量与桃果实果糖含量显著相关,PpaSPS2 和PpaSST2 的表达量与葡萄糖含量显著相关[6]。过表达PpCBF6可以通过下调PpVIN2表达量来提高桃果实的蔗糖含量;锌指蛋白基因(zinc finger protein gene,PpZAT10)通过抑制桃果实中的PpVIN2 和增强VIN 酶活性来调控蔗糖代谢[53-54]。山梨醇转移蛋白基因(sorbitol transfer protein gene,PpeSOT3/5/7),尤其是PpeSOT3,可能是影响果实山梨醇代谢和抗冷性的潜在关键基因[55]。
醛类、醇类、酯类和内酯类化合物为桃果实的特征挥发物质,其中γ-辛内酯、δ-癸内酯、γ-十二内酯、芳樟醇可赋予桃果实典型“桃香”气味,其含量与桃果实采后风味相关[56]。长期低温冷藏可导致果实酯类、内酯类和萜类物质含量降低,醛醇类物质的积累,可作为果实冷害程度的预测因子[57]。果实的腐败变质导致乙醇和乙酸乙酯含量剧增,褐腐菌侵染桃果实可产生异丁醇、乙酸丙酯和异戊酸乙酯,以上挥发性物质可作为桃果实腐烂程度的标记物[7]。环氧化物水解酶(EH)为桃果实内酯芳香物质合成的关键酶,其中7 个EH 家族成员基因(PpEH1~7)参与了桃果实内酯物质合成,其表达量与内酯芳香物质的积累呈负相关[58]。脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)、脂肪酸去饱和酶(fatty acid desaturase,FAD)、氢过氧化物裂解酶(hydroperoxide lyase,HPL)、醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)是醇、醛类物质代谢关键酶[57,59-60]。醇醛基转移酶(alcoholaldehyde transferase,AAT)是酯类物质代谢关键酶[61],类胡萝卜素裂解酶双加氧酶(carotenoid lyase dioxygenase,CCD)是芳樟醇等萜类物质合成的关键酶[59]。除此之外,烯氧化环化酶(alkene oxidative cyclase,AOC)、环氧丙烷合酶(allene oxide synthase,AOS)、12-氧化植物二烯酸还原酶(12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase,OPR)可与LOX 通过蛋白互作共同诱导果实采后脂肪酸、酯类和内酯类物质的合成[59]。
植物内源激素乙烯、脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid,BABA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)等在调控果实成熟和衰老中起重要作用。采后贮藏期间,桃果实产生的乙烯和ABA均与果实硬度呈负相关,ABA含量的提高先于乙烯生成,可激活乙烯的产生,最终导致果实软化[9];除此之外,乙烯还参与采后桃果实中类胡萝卜素积累和果实着色的调节[62]。ABA 可诱导4 ℃冷藏期间中桃9 号果实乙烯生物合成基因和乙烯含量上调,从而引起果实软化[10]。PpNCED 是果实内ABA合成途径的限速基因,同时也会受到外源ABA的调控[51],其中PpNCED1、PpNCED5 协同调控桃果实ABA 的生物合成和果实软化[10]。PpMADS2 通过SA 依赖的致病相关基因(NPR1)激活和ABA 信号相关胼胝质积累的协同作用正向调节BABA诱发的桃果实抗病防御[63]。
桃果实中的多酚、类黄酮和花色苷含量是资源评价和品种选育的重要因素,具有清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和一氧化氮(NO)自由基的能力。其中,原花青素三聚体C1、原花青素三聚体异构体1/2、原花青素二聚体B1/2、原花青素二聚体异构体、李属抑制剂b 和根皮苷等抗氧化活性化合物,与果实品质和耐贮性密切相关[12]。20 ℃贮藏期间,桃果实总酚含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,总黄酮、总花色苷以及类胡萝卜素含量则随贮藏时间的延长而缓慢下降[64]。与室温贮藏相比,长期的低温贮藏通过下调CCD 的表达抑制类胡萝卜素积累,其中3个PpWRKYs、2个PpMYBs和1个PpNAC为调节贮藏期间油桃果实中类胡萝卜素代谢的潜在转录因子[11]。通过抑制乙烯的积累,可调控采后贮藏期间果实花青素生物合成相关酶的活性、基因表达和上游转录因子,影响花青素的合成进程[65]。
采后病害是引起果实采后损耗的关键因子,其中,拟茎点霉属真菌属(Phomopsis sp.)、灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)、炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum siamense)、根霉属(Rhizopus sp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)及曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)6 种霉菌为引起桃果实采后腐烂的主要病原菌,拟茎点霉属于真菌属最为关键的病原菌[14]。特定的TGA 家族成员可直接响应激发子诱导和病原菌侵染,通过与PpNPR1 蛋白相互作用在防卫反应中发挥调控作用[66]。外源BABA 处理可介导PpMAPKK5 的表达,提高PpTGA1的DNA结合活性并激活SA反应性PR基因,提高抗病性[67];BABA 处理可提高TGA 转录因子(PpTGA1)和NPR1 基因(PpNPR1)的表达量,以及还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量,增强软腐病抗性[13]。皮西亚酵母处理可介导PpMYB308 和PpMYB306 的表达,提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)和4-香豆酸-CoA 连接酶(4-coumarate-CoA ligase,4CL)的活性和基因表达,增强对根霉菌的抗性[68];抑制PpMYB306 介导的木质素生物合成相关基因的转录抑制,提高抗病性[69]。茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理可介导桃果实PpWRKY46 和PpWRKY53 的相互作用,诱导抗病防御系统[25]。
桃果实采后冷害主要与膜系统、活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、DNA 基因甲基化等直接相关。目前,在桃中鉴定了22 个B-box 基因家族成员,其中PpBBX3/6/12/15/20/26 的表达与桃果实冷害发生呈显著负相关[70]。钙依赖蛋白激酶基因家族(PpCDPK)基因PpCDPK2/7/10/13 与桃采后冷害有关,其中,PpCDPK7 与PpRBOH 的互作可能是钙信号和ROS 信号传导的交汇点[71]。NADPH 为ROS 和活性氮自由基(reactive nitrogen radical,RNS)的关键辅酶,桃果实抗冷性是通过维持ROS和RNS 的稳态来实现的[72];冷适应蛋白(cold-regulated,COR3)基因(PpCOR3)的表达与H2O2含量呈正相关,并参与桃果实采后冷害调控[73]。DNA 甲基化在调节与冷害相关的基因表达中起关键作用,进而影响桃果实在低温贮藏中的品质和抗冷性[74];冷害果实的甲基化水平高于非冷害果实,转录因子PpNAC1 及其下游基因PpACS1、PpExp1 和PpAAT1的转录丰度和启动子DNA 甲基化呈现反向模式[75]。ERF 转录因子PpRAP2.12 可激活桃果实中PpVIN2的表达而降低采后抗冷性[53],可作为桃果实采后冷害研究的靶标;Cys79 和Tyr396 分别是S-亚硝基化和硝化最可能的靶标。通过延缓磷脂的降解、FAD的上调和脂肪酸去饱和的过程可延缓桃果实冷害的发生[76]。
1-MCP 处理对果实软化、风味丧失、采后病害等品质劣变症状均有显著的调控作用,众多学者对其调控机制进行了解析。1-MCP 处理可通过降低PG、果胶甲基酯酶(pectin methyl esterase,PME)和果胶裂解酶(pectin lyase,PEL)的活性,下调PpPG1,2、PpPME1,2和PpPEL1,2的表达[4],延缓桃果实软化;并可介导生长素相关的基因(吲哚乙酸、生长素响应转录因子等)和细胞壁修饰相关的基因(PpPG1,2,24 和PpPMEI)的表达,调控桃果实的软化[77]。1-MCP 处理通过调控与糖、酸代谢相关的基因表达,维持软溶质和不溶质桃果实蔗糖含量和贮藏品质的稳定[78];并可抑制桃果实甜味、酸味和鲜味的丧失[1];且可使果实保持较高的β-月桂烯和芳樟醇含量[4],以及较少的内酯、苯甲醛和组氨酸含量[8],贮藏风味佳。1-MCP 处理主要通过上调PpSPS4 基因和下调PpNI3、PpNI4 基因的表达,从而调控贮藏期间桃果实的糖代谢,维持更高的蔗糖水平[16]。1-MCP 处理通过提高脯氨酸和多胺的含量[17];下调生长素反应因子(PpARF1)、生长素反应基因(PpAUX/IAA1、PpSAUR1 和ppg H3-1)和生长素受体蛋白(PpTIR1)的表达,调节IAA 生物合成、生长素信号转导和细胞壁降解[4],提高桃果实的抗冷性。1-MCP 与一些保鲜手段结合,具有协同作用,如:1-MCP 联合乙烯吸附剂处理[79]或结合激光微孔膜包装[80]可显著抑制果实软化;1-MCP 结合CaCl2处理可促进桃果实中糖的积累和贮藏品质的保持[81];结合纳米材料包装(1-MCP-NA)可显著抑制黄肉桃果实酯类和醛类含量的下降及乙醇含量的积累[82]。
气体的成分、比例和含量可调控桃果实采后贮藏品质和冷害,CO2和O2的处理参数与品种、贮藏条件相关。适宜浓度的CO2和O2处理可抑制桃果实冷害(CI)、延长贮藏期[18],3%~5% CO2结合3%~5%O2 可上调蟠桃果实丙酮酸脱羧酶(pyruvate decarboxylase,PDC1/2)、SS 及V 型质子ATP 酶亚基的蛋白表达,维持高能荷状态和蔗糖水平,抑制果实褐变[2];5%O2和10%CO2结合0 ℃低温贮藏可使桃果实保持较高的酯类和内酯类挥发性物质含量,尤其是与LOX 途径相关的化合物,这些挥发性化合物与消费者接受度呈正相关[83];5% O2 可介导基因PpADH1 和PpPDC2 的表达,调控果实乙醇和乙醛积累,有效减轻桃果实冷害[84]。
适宜浓度的NO 处理通过调节细胞壁和脂质代谢来减轻桃果实的冷害[19]。NO 熏蒸处理可调控霞晖6 号桃果实PpFAD、PpLOX、PpHPL、PpADH、PpAAT和PpACX的基因表达,增加4 ℃冷藏期间C6醛、C6醇、直链酯和内酯等挥发物含量[85];调控桃果实采后花青素、黄酮醇和黄酮类代谢,激活抗氧化酶,延缓霞晖8 号桃果实衰老[86];降低冷藏期间桃果实的线粒体耗氧量和细胞色素含量,提高线粒体膜流动性以及呼吸链的细胞色素通路和抗氰通路的活性[87],抑制H2O2含量和O2-产生速率、诱导氰化物抗性呼吸途径[88],提高采后抗冷性。硫化氢(H2S)处理可诱导三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPases)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinodehydrogenase,SDH)和细胞色素C 氧化酶(cytochrome c oxidase,CCO)活性,增加ATP 和能荷的水平,减轻采后冷害[20];并通过调节细胞壁修饰酶、酚类物质和脯氨酸代谢,延缓果肉褐变[72]。
贮藏温度是影响果实采后保鲜期的第一因素,通过对贮藏温度的调控可延缓果实冷害、延长保鲜期。冰温贮藏(near-freezing temperature,NFT)可诱导果实糖和能量的代谢,提高油桃果实采后品质和抗冷性[21]。低温预贮(low temperature conditioning,LTC)亦可锻炼桃果实抗冷性,但不同品种的桃对温度的敏感性不同,最佳预贮温度为9 ℃~12 ℃,预贮时间为6~10 d[89]。间歇升温(intermittent warming,IW)处理(每周在20 ℃放置1 d 后转移至5 ℃贮藏)可抑制黄桃果实酯类物质的降低,延缓果肉褐变[90]。热空气处理通过调控花色苷相关基因的表达,提高果实花色苷含量,延缓糖酸和酚类物质含量的下降[91];热水处理(HW)可调控PpHSFA4c 表达量介导热处理蛋白(HSP)和活性氧途径,减轻果实冷害[22];热空气+1-MCP(HM)处理通过推迟高峰呼吸,提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,上调PpaGPXs 基因的表达,延缓桃果实的采后衰老[92]。冷激处理通过调节PpbZIP9 和PpVIP1 介导的呼吸代谢进程,增强桃果实的耐冷性[93]。
短波紫外线B(UV-B)处理可引起桃果肉中萜类、苯丙烷类、植保素和脂肪酸代谢物含量的提高[23];短波紫外线C(UVC)预处理可上调PpaSS1 基因的表达,保持果实贮藏品质[6];热空气结合UVC处理可上调苯丙氨酸解氨酶的酶活性和基因表达,增强花色苷还原酶、二氢黄酮醇还原酶、UDP-葡萄糖和类黄酮3-O-葡糖基转移酶的活性,提高1 ℃冷藏桃果实的花青素、原花青素(PAs)和花青素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cya-3-G)含量[94]。45.5 W 微波处理7 min 可通过抑制膜脂降解和蔗糖积累维持膜稳定性,降低总酚含量,抑制冷害引起的果肉褐变[24]。蓝光LED处理可促进油桃果实中果糖和葡萄糖的积累,白光LED处理可显著促进蔗糖的代谢[95]。
外源激素处理可显著提高采后冷藏期间桃果实的抗冷性,其中MeJA、SA、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、褪黑素(MT)、茉莉酸(JA)的处理效果较佳。MeJA 处理可促进贮藏期间果实蔗糖合成[96],提高抗冷性[25];上调转录因子PpNAC1和PpMYC2.2的表达、下调基因组甲基化水平,延缓果实冷害[75];同样可以诱导PpLOX、PpAOS、PpAOC、PpACOX和PpFadA的基因表达,激活α-亚麻酸和茉莉酸信号通路而延缓果实冷害的发生[26]。SA 处理可促进醇类、脂肪族酯类、内酯和萜烯的释放[97],提高PpLOX1、蔗糖合酶基因(PpSUS4)、中性转化酶基因(PpNINV8)和单糖转运蛋白基因(PpTMT2)的转录水平,减缓果实冷害[27]。JA 处理可诱导桃果实乙烯释放,抑制可溶性总糖含量下降,提高果实抗冷性[28];且SA和JA处理在减轻桃果实冷害方面存在协同效应[98]。ABA 处理可通过调节金秋红蜜桃果实蔗糖的代谢而缓解0 ℃下的冷害症状[99];IAA 处理通过调控ABA 和GA 代谢基因的转录水平,降低ABA 和GA 水平,提高抗冷性[29]。GABA 处理可上调与抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)代谢相关的基因和转录因子,提高桃果实中AsA 和GSH 的含量[100],增强果实采后抗冷性[101]。BABA 处理通过调节PpWRKY40 与调节蛋白PpNPR1 的互作关系,以及PpWRKY40 对蔗糖代谢酶基因的激活进程,保持适中的可溶性糖含量,维持果实在适应性和防御之间的平衡[67]。MT 处理可显著提高桃果实不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比例和内源性水杨酸含量,调节抗氧化系统和细胞壁代谢[102];上调GABA 生物合成基因(PpGAD1 和PpGAD4)的表达,抑制GABA 降解基因(PpGABAT)的表达[103],提高果实抗冷性。外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)通过调节PpGATA12 介导的蔗糖代谢相关基因(PpSS 和PpNI)和能量代谢相关基因(PpCCO、PpSDH 和PpH+-ATPase)的转录水平[104];通过PpHDT1 调节油菜素类固醇代谢[105],提高桃果实的抗冷性。甘氨酸甜菜碱(GB)处理通过调节精氨酸代谢、GABA 分流途径的基因表达和酶活性,提高脯氨酸、多胺和GABA 的含量,增强桃果实抗冷性[106]。
虽然国内关于防治采后病害的生防制剂研究众多,但生产实践中使用的生防制剂仅有Aspire、Shemer、Candifruit 等产品,因此筛选和研发可推广使用的生防制剂意义重大。罗伦隐球酵母+间型假丝酵母组合处理可显著抑制水蜜桃果实霉变和腐烂[30]。杰米拉类芽孢杆菌W51 能有效抑制桃果实采后匍枝根霉的孢子萌发及菌体生长,诱导抗病相关基因的表达,降低软腐病的发病率和病斑直径[31]。内生真菌蓝状菌属(Talaromyces)ZJ-4通过抑制褐腐菌丝的生长,使孢子表面粗糙凹陷、畸形,抑制桃采后褐腐病发生[107]。桃园土壤中的特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)B-23 可使菌丝顶端膨大、表面粗糙,孢子边缘干瘪、粗糙且皱缩,同时细胞壁降解、细胞器消失、液泡变形,对褐腐病菌的抑菌率达到73.68%[108]。拮抗细菌CE 抑菌物质可引起桃褐腐病菌菌丝细胞膜透性变化、菌丝和分生孢子形态异常、分生孢子不能萌发,抑制桃褐腐病菌的侵染[32]。地衣芽孢杆菌菌株W10 菌液及其产生的抗菌蛋白对贮藏期桃褐腐病都有较强的抑制作用,0.1% Ca(NO3)2可提高W10 菌液及抗菌蛋白对桃果实褐腐病的防治效果,能明显推迟始病时间[109]。
茶树油具有显著的抗真菌活性,可影响孢囊霉细胞膜的组成,改变菌丝形态和膜透性,延缓桃采后病害的发生[110];茶树油固体脂质体可有效抑制桃褐腐病,保持果实固有品质[33]。50 μg·mL-1的艾叶、高良姜和白鲜皮精油(EOs)可显著抑制5 种采后病原体活性(黄曲霉菌A.Flavus、扩展青霉菌Penicillium Expansum、灰葡萄孢菌B. cinerea、链格孢菌Alternaria Nees、美澳型核果链核盘菌Monilinia fructicola);其中,三种中草药CP EOs复合制剂(M-CP EOs)对抗真菌活性具有协同作用[34]。柠檬草、香茅、白唇草和美洲罗勒等精油可显著抑制桃果实采后炭疽菌、灰葡萄孢和褐腐菌真菌活性,其中柠檬草精油对褐腐菌的抑制效果更为显著[111]。绿薄荷、胡椒薄荷、百里香CT 香芹酚和百里香CT 百里香酚精油可通过破坏立枯丝核菌的细胞膜来抑制其生长,减轻桃果实上的立枯丝核菌导致的腐烂[112]。植物基精油(rosewood)处理可显著降低室温和低温条件下水蜜桃被寄生毛霉(Mucor nidicola)感染导致的病斑直径和腐烂率[35]。
苯丙氨酸处理可显著促进贮藏前期桃果皮中花色苷合成相关结构基因(PAL、F3H、DFR、UFGT)和调节基因(MYB10.1、bHLH3、WD40-1)的表达,促进果皮花色苷合成[36]。亚精胺处理可上调桃果实PpSAMDC、PpSPDS、PpADC 基因并同时下调PpACS1、PpACO1 基因的转录水平,促进总酚、总黄酮和花色苷等抗氧化物质及活性氧的积累,显著降低白凤水蜜桃果实腐烂率和褐变度[113]。外源脯氨酸和L-半胱氨酸处理通过降低氧化应激,增强抗氧化酶活性和促进抗氧化成分的积累,减轻蟠桃果实的冷害症状[37]。茶多酚[114]或对羟基肉桂酸(P-CA)[38]处理均可提高总酚、花青素和黄酮含量,增强DPPH 自由基和羟自由基清除能力和抗氧化能力,延长果实保鲜期。绿原酸处理通过激活茉莉酸信号途径抑制桃采后青霉菌扩展,减轻果实采后腐烂的发生[115]。
基础低温冷藏[2]、低温预贮[89]、冰温贮藏[21]、热预处理[22,91]、UV 处理[23]、气调处理[18]等物理保鲜技术在桃果实保鲜贮藏中有一定的推广应用,但存在较多局限性。(1)冰温贮藏可显著抑制果实冷害,但精准控温是冰温贮藏技术成功与否的关键制约因子,低于冰温会对细胞组织造成冻害,高于冰温会缩短贮藏寿命[89];(2)预贮温度和预贮时间是制约低温预贮技术的关键因子,不适操作易造成果实软化和褐变加速[116];(3)1-MCP 处理及复合保鲜技术在抑制果实软化方面效果显著,但存在操作复杂、密闭空间熏蒸时间长、浓度过高果实不能正常软化等问题[117];(4)热处理和UV 辐照[23]技术效果佳,参数易控,但如何与固定的贮藏设备或分选设备相结合,是影响其产业应用的关键因素[118];(5)气调处理可显著抑制果实褐变和风味丧失,但设备造价昂贵、能耗高,且气调贮藏的果实对终端货架参数要求较高[2];(6)产业中应用率较高的仍然为非冷害温度的低温贮藏及集果实分级、包装、预冷、贮藏、运输、货架为一体的桃采后冷链物流技术。
1-MCP[79-80,82]、外源激素[96,101-102]、酚酸类[115]化合物等生理调节剂,生防菌[108-109]、植物精油[33,115]等生物保鲜剂在桃果实保鲜贮运中效果显著,但仍存在以下问题:(1)处理效果不持久,作用效果会随着贮藏期的延长而减弱,无法实现果实的长期贮存[108-109];(2)功能单一,多数采后处理通常只具备延缓成熟、抑菌、减轻冷害、减少失水等单一的作用效果[79,102,108];(3)安全性有待评估,目前,1-MCP 是应用较为广泛、认可度较高的保鲜剂,大多数化学和生物保鲜剂的安全性仍然受到消费者的质疑,在实际应用中存在限制[119]。(4)制备方法有待改进,多数保鲜剂存在溶解度小、易降解等制约因素[120]。如外源激素处理、生防菌处理、植物精油处理可显著提高果实采后抗冷性,但是多以浸泡和喷雾的形式处理,易导致果实采后腐烂严重,且大众接受度低,较难推广。研发成本低、安全性高、效果持久、复合功效的保鲜剂是突破桃采后保鲜技术应用瓶颈的重要发展策略。
笔者对相关文献进行了综合对比和阐述,认为引起桃果实采后品质劣变的关键因子为:(1)PpPG为桃果实细胞壁代谢和软化的标志物,乙烯和乙烯响应因子是影响果实软化的关键因素;(2)内酯类、酯类和芳樟醇物质含量的降低以及醛和醇的积累,可作为品质劣变程度的预测因子;(3)木质素和醇醛类挥发性物质代谢是调控果实采后病害的关键代谢途径;(4)能量缺失、活性氧积累、内源激素代谢异常、基因甲基化是导致果实冷害和褐变的关键因子。建议后续从细胞壁超微结构、软化标志物、直接和间接影响乙烯代谢的因子、互作机制与果实软化的关联性;糖酸(前人多关注糖代谢对果实风味调控机制的研究,酸是果实采后生命活动的底物,对果实风味、能量代谢和抗冷性均有较大贡献,应对调控机制进行挖掘)和挥发性物质(尤其是醇醛类物质)对采后风味的调控机制;糖和能量代谢、抗氧化系统、内源激素(尤其是ABA 代谢关键基因及关联因子)及关键基因甲基化程度对抗冷性的调控;木质素代谢和醇醛类物质的积累对采后病害的预测和调控作用等方面进行机制解析,为调控技术的研发和应用奠定理论基础。
桃采后品质劣变调控技术虽然被广泛研究,但仍未解决长期冷藏导致的果实抗病性降低、风味丧失和货架期缩短的问题,在产业中的应用仍有一定的局限性。建议未来在技术和产品的产业化应用中从以下几个方面着手:(1)集分级、包装、预冷、贮藏、运输、货架为一体的冷链物流体系的建立;(2)复合保鲜剂的研发及配套技术的集成,将新型保鲜剂与采后包材相结合,提高技术和产品在产业中的应用率;(3)终端货架技术和外源激素破休眠技术的研发,解决长期低温冷藏后的果实常温货架不能正常破休眠的问题;(4)抗冷性和病害防御系统技术的建立及耐冷性品种的选育,延长高品质鲜桃的供应期,解决国产鲜桃一带一路(15~30 d的远洋运输和终端货架技术)的技术瓶颈问题。
[1] 周慧娟,张夏南,苏明申,杜纪红,陈翅宏,李雄伟,张明昊,叶正文.1-MCP 处理对水蜜桃质地和风味的影响[J].上海农业学报,2022,38(5):99-106.ZHOU Huijuan,ZHANG Xianan,SU Mingshen,DU Jihong,CHEN Chihong,LI Xiongwei,ZHANG Minghao,YE Zhengwen.Effects of 1-MCP treatment on texture and flavor of honey peach[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2022,38(5):99-106.
[2] ZHOU H J,ZHANG X N,SU M S,DU J H,LI X W,ZHANG M H,HU Y,HUAN C,YE Z W. Controlled atmosphere storage alleviates internal browning in flat peach fruit by regulating energy and sugar metabolisms[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2022,186:107-120.
[3] 马晨,冯莉,魏康丽,刘强,张伟,屠康,彭菁,潘磊庆.桃果实采后光学特性与硬度及果胶物质的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,2020,43(2):347-355.MA Chen,FENG Li,WEI Kangli,LIU Qiang,ZHANG Wei,TU Kang,PENG Jing,PAN Leiqing. Relationship between the optical properties and firmness,pectin constitution in peach flesh during post-harvest storage[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2020,43(2):347-355.
[4] ZHENG X L,DU X J,WANG Y X,WANG L F,DAI B E,ZHOU L,MAO J X,HUAN C.1-methylcyclopropene treatment improves chilling tolerance by regulating IAA biosynthesis,auxin signaling transduction and cell wall degradation in peach fruit[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2023,321:112265.
[5] WANG L F,ZHENG X L,YE Z W,SU M S,ZHANG X N,DU J H,LI X W,ZHOU H J,HUAN C. Transcriptome co-expression network analysis of peach fruit with different sugar concentrations reveals key regulators in sugar metabolism involved in cold tolerance[J].Foods,2023,12(11):2244.
[6] ZHOU H J,ZHANG X N,SU M S,DU J H,LI X W,YE Z W.Effects of ultraviolet-C pretreatment on sugar metabolism in yellow peaches during shelf life[J]. HortScience,2020,55(4):416-423.
[7] FANESI B,D’ORTENZIO A L,KUHALSKAYA A,NARTEA A,FIORINI D,MOUMNI M,LANDI L,LUCCI P,ROMANAZZI G,PACETTI D. Identification of volatile organic compounds as markers to detect Monilinia fructicola infection in fresh peaches[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,206:112581.
[8] WANG Q,WEI Y Y,JIANG S,WANG X X,XU F,WANG H F,SHAO X F. Flavor development in peach fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene during shelf storage[J]. Food Research International,2020,137:109653.
[9] GARCÍA-PASTOR M E,FALAGÁN N,GINÉ-BORDONABA J,WÓJCIK D A,TERRY L A,ALAMAR M C.Cultivar and tissue-specific changes of abscisic acid,its catabolites and individual sugars during postharvest handling of flat peaches (Prunus persica cv.Platycarpa)[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,181:111688.
[10] WANG P F,LU S Y,ZHANG X Y,HYDEN B,QIN L J,LIU L P,BAI Y Y,HAN Y,WEN Z L,XU J Z,CAO H B,CHEN H J.Double NCED isozymes control ABA biosynthesis for ripening and senescent regulation in peach fruits[J]. Plant Science,2021,304:110739.
[11] WANG Y,SUN Y J,ZHOU D D,ZHANG Q,PAN L Q,TU K.Transcriptomics analysis provides insights into metabolisms of sugars and carotenoids of nectarine fruit subjected to different temperature storage[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2022,304:111262.
[12] ZHANG X D,LIU T,ZHU S H,WANG D,SUN S,XIN L.Short-term hypobaric treatment alleviates chilling injury by regulating membrane fatty acids metabolism in peach fruit[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry,2022,46(7):e14113.
[13] LI C H,WANG K T,ZHENG Y H. Redox status regulates subcelluar localization of PpTGA1 associated with a BABA-induced priming defence against Rhizopus rot in peach fruit[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2020,47(9):6657-6668.
[14] 张丽勍,李雄伟,石大艳,余永婷,方献平,周慧娟,张学英,叶正文.上海地区桃果实腐烂病原菌分离及鉴定[J].上海农业学报,2022,38(1):6-12.ZHANG Liqing,LI Xiongwei,SHI Dayan,YU Yongting,FANG Xianping,ZHOU Huijuan,ZHANG Xueying,YE Zhengwen.Isolation and identification of pathogen causing peach fruit decay in Shanghai[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2022,38(1):6-12.
[15] 姜航,张斌斌,宋志忠,郭绍雷,马瑞娟,俞明亮.1-MCP 和低温处理对采后桃endo-PG 家族基因表达的影响[J].果树学报,2018,35(5):521-530.JIANG Hang,ZHANG Binbin,SONG Zhizhong,GUO Shaolei,MA Ruijuan,YU Mingliang.Effects of 1-MCP and low temperature treatments on the expression of endo-PG family genes in peach during post harvest storage[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(5):521-530.
[16] 韩帅,蔡洪芳,马瑞娟,俞明亮,郁志芳.1-MCP 处理对采后桃果实糖代谢的影响[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(18):264-269.HAN Shuai,CAI Hongfang,MA Ruijuan,YU Mingliang,YU Zhifang. Effect of 1-MCP on sugar metabolism of postharvest peach fruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2018,39(18):264-269.
[17] QIAN C L,JI Z J,ZHU Q,QI X H,LI Q Q,YIN J D,LIU J,KAN J,ZHANG M,JIN C H,XIAO L X. Effects of 1-MCP on proline,polyamine,and nitric oxide metabolism in postharvest peach fruit under chilling stress[J]. Horticultural Plant Journal,2021,7(3):188-196.
[18] CHOI H R,JEONG M J,BAEK M W,CHOI J H,LEE H C,JEONG C S,TILAHUN S. Transcriptome analysis of pre-storage 1-MCP and high CO2-treated‘Madoka’peach fruit explains the reduction in chilling injury and improvement of storage period by delaying ripening[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(9):4437.
[19] ZHAO Y Y,TANG J X,SONG C C,QI S N,LIN Q,CUI Y,LING J G,DUAN Y Q.Nitric oxide alleviates chilling injury by regulating the metabolism of lipid and cell wall in cold-storage peach fruit[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2021,169:63-69.
[20] WANG L,HUANG X L,LIU C C,ZHANG C,SHI K L,WANG M L,WANG Y Y,SONG Q Y,CHEN X Y,JIN P,ZHENG Y H. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates chilling injury by modulating respiration and energy metabolisms in cold-stored peach fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,199:112291.
[21] ZHAO L Y,ZHAO Y Q,WANG L,HOU Y Y,BAO Y Q,JIA Z Y,ZHENG Y H,JIN P. Hot water treatment improves peach fruit cold resistance through PpHSFA4c-mediated HSF-HSP and ROS pathways[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,199,112272.
[22] ZHAO H D,JIAO W X,CUI K B,FAN X G,SHU C,ZHANG W L,CAO J K,JIANG W B. Near-freezing temperature storage enhances chilling tolerance in nectarine fruit through its regulation of soluble sugars and energy metabolism[J]. Food Chemistry,2019,289:426-435.
[23] SANTIN M,RANIERI A,HAUSER M T,MIRAS-MORENO B,ROCCHETTI G,LUCINI L,STRID Å,CASTAGNA A.The outer influences the inner:Postharvest UV-B irradiation modulates peach flesh metabolome although shielded by the skin[J].Food Chemistry,2021,338:127782.
[24] WANG K,ZHU G,LI Y L,CHEN S Q,RASHID A,WANG X T,WU X Y.Non-thermal effects of microwave irradiation alleviates postharvest chilling injury of peach fruit by retarding phenolic accumulation and enhancing membrane stability[J]. Food Chemistry,2023,411:135448.
[25] JI N N,LI Y F,WANG J,ZUO X X,LI M L,JIN P,ZHENG Y H.Interaction of PpWRKY46 and PpWRKY53 regulates energy metabolism in MeJA primed disease resistance of peach fruit[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2022,171:157-168.
[26] HUAN C,YANG X H,WANG L F,KEBBEH M,WANG Y X,DAI B E,SHEN S L,ZHENG X L,ZHOU H J. Methyl jasmonate treatment regulates α-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonate acid signaling pathway to improve chilling tolerance in both stony hard and melting flesh peaches[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2022,190:111960.
[27] YANG C,DUAN W Y,XIE K L,REN C H,ZHU C Q,CHEN K S,ZHANG B. Effect of salicylic acid treatment on sensory quality,flavor-related chemicals and gene expression in peach fruit after cold storage[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2020,161:111089.
[28] ZHAO Y Y,SONG C C,BRUMMELL D A,QI S N,LIN Q,DUAN Y Q.Jasmonic acid treatment alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit by promoting sugar and ethylene metabolism[J].Food Chemistry,2021,338:128005.
[29] ZHOU Q H,BAO Z Y,YU Y,CHEN W,YANG Z F,CAO S F,SHI L Y. IAA regulated levels of endogenous phytohormones in relation to chilling tolerance in cold-stored peaches after harvest[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,205:112490.
[30] 王雅歆,颜菲,李建龙.3 种拮抗酵母菌组合处理对水蜜桃贮藏品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2022,51(7):173-180.WANG Yaxin,YAN Fei,LI Jianlong. Effects of three antagonistic yeasts treatment on the storage quality of honey peach[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2022,51(7):173-180.
[31] 朱晶凤,高玉侠,李习冉,刘藻,韦欢,王云鹏,王晓莉.杰米拉类芽孢杆菌W51 对桃果实采后病害防治及保鲜效果研究[J].中国果菜,2022,42(11):6-14.ZHU Jingfeng,GAO Yuxia,LI Xiran,LIU Zao,WEI Huan,WANG Yunpeng,WANG Xiaoli.Biocontrol and preservation effect of Paenibacillus jamilae W51 on postharvest disease of peach fruit[J].China Fruit&Vegetable,2022,42(11):6-14.
[32] 杨海清,赵筱萌,赵晓燕,刘正坪.桃树根际拮抗细菌CE 抑菌物质对桃褐腐病菌的抑制作用和稳定性研究[J]. 果树学报,2011,28(2):204-208.YANG Haiqing,ZHAO Xiaomeng,ZHAO Xiaoyan,LIU Zhengping.Antifungal mechanism against monilinia fruticola and stability of the antagonistic substance from bacterium strain CE[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(2):204-208.
[33] XU Y Y,WEI Y Y,JIANG S,XU F,WANG H F,SHAO X F.Preparation and characterization of tea tree oil solid liposomes to control brown rot and improve quality in peach fruit[J]. LWTFood Science and Technology,2022,162:113442.
[34] MOU L Y,DU X L,LU X F,LU Y F,LI G P,LI J L. Component analysis and antifungal activity of three Chinese herbal essential oils and their application of postharvest preservation of peach fruit[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2021,151:112089.
[35] LIN H J,LIN Y L,HUANG B B,LIN Y T,LI H K,LU W J,LIN T C,TSUI Y C,LIN H T V.Solid-and vapour-phase antifungal activities of six essential oils and their applications in postharvest fungal control of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2022,156:113031.
[36] 马立杰,邵小达,赵晟,潘泓,赵婧,张映曈,凌军,李鹏霞,黄雯,周宏胜.采后苯丙氨酸处理对‘湖景蜜露’桃果皮色泽的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2023,49(18):195-201.MA Lijie,SHAO Xiaoda,ZHAO Sheng,PAN Hong,ZHAO Jing,ZHANG Yingtong,LING Jun,LI Pengxia,HUANG Wen,ZHOU Hongsheng. Effects of postharvest phenylalanine treatment on peel coloration of‘Hujingmilu’peach[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2023,49(18):195-201.
[37] GOHARI G,MOLAEI S,KHEIRY A,GHAFOURI M,RAZAVI F,LORENZO J M,JUÁREZ-MALDONADO A. Exogenous application of proline and L-cysteine alleviates internal browning and maintains eating quality of cold stored flat‘Maleki’peach fruits[J].Horticulturae,2021,7(11):469.
[38] 朱辰晖,吴昊,施文卫,王一鸣,袁家伟,吴晓芹.对羟基肉桂酸(P-CA)处理对桃果实采后保鲜效果研究[J]. 食品科技,2022,47(5):62-68.ZHU Chenhui,WU Hao,SHI Wenwei,WANG Yiming,YUAN Jiawei,WU Xiaoqin. Preservation effect of P-hydroxycinnamic acid (P-CA) treatment on postharvest peach fruit[J]. Food Science and Technology,2022,47(5):62-68.
[39] SEYMOUR G B,POOLE M,GIOVANNONI J J,TUCKER G A.The molecular biology and biochemistry of fruit ripening[M].New Jersey,USA:Wiley-Blackwell,2013.
[40] QIAN M,XU Z,ZHANG Z H,LI Q,YAN X Y,LIU H K,HAN M Y,LI F R,ZHENG J C,ZHANG D,ZHAO C P. The downregulation of PpPG21 and PpPG22 influences peach fruit texture and softening[J].Planta,2021,254(2):22.
[41] WEI Y Y,MAO Y H,GAO Y L,CHEN Y,SUN J C,WANG X X,JIANG S,XU F,WANG H F,SHAO X F.The polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein PpPGIP1,positively regulates vacuolar invertase activity via a protein-protein interaction with PpVIN2 in peach fruit[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2023,320:112209.
[42] TATSUKI M,SAWAMURA Y,YAEGAKI H,SUESADA Y,NAKAJIMA N. The storage temperature affects flesh firmness and gene expression patterns of cell wall-modifying enzymes in stony hard peaches[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,181:111658.
[43] CHENG C X,LIU J C,WANG X K,WANG Y,YUAN Y B,YANG S L. PpERF/ABR1 functions as an activator to regulate PpPG expression resulting in fruit softening during storage in peach(Prunus persica)[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2022,189:111919.
[44] XU Z,DAI J Y,LIANG L P,SHI P,SHAH K,LIU H K,MA J J,XING L B,HU Y N,ZHANG D,ZHAO C P.A peach ethylene response factor PpERF61 is involved in fruit ripening by modulating ripening-related genes and PpSEP1[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,206:112584.
[45] 陈星星,张斌斌,郭绍雷,马瑞娟,姜卫兵.不同肉质型桃果实成熟过程中乙烯生物合成相关基因的表达差异[J].南京农业大学学报,2020,43(4):637-644.CHEN Xingxing,ZHANG Binbin,GUO Shaolei,MA Ruijuan,JIANG Weibing. The expression differences of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis in different fleshy peach fruits during ripening[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2020,43(4):637-644.
[46] 徐培华,李唯,杨德龙,王旺田,张亚林.桃果实ACC 氧化酶基因的克隆及序列分析[J].华北农学报,2010,25(2):44-50.XU Peihua,LI Wei,YANG Delong,WANG Wangtian,ZHANG Yalin.Cloning and sequence analysis of ACC oxidase gene from peach[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(2):44-50.
[47] 吴军帅,李培环,李鼎立,董晓颖,段艳欣.桃果实铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因PpCuZnSOD 的克隆与分析[J]. 核农学报,2013,27(4):408-417.WU Junshuai,LI Peihuan,LI Dingli,DONG Xiaoying,DUAN Yanxin. Cloning and analysis of copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase gene (PpCuZnSOD) from Prunus persica[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2013,27(4):408-417.
[48] 郭绍雷,许建兰,王晓俊,宿子文,张斌斌,马瑞娟,俞明亮.桃XTH 家族基因鉴定及其在桃果实贮藏过程中的表达特性[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(23):4702-4716.GUO Shaolei,XU Jianlan,WANG Xiaojun,SU Ziwen,ZHANG Binbin,MA Ruijuan,YU Mingliang. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of XTH gene family in peach fruit during storage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(23):4702-4716.
[49] 李琴,万淑媛,徐泽,赵彩平. 桃醛酮还原酶基因PrupeAKR2在果实成熟软化中的功能分析[J]. 分子植物育种,2021,19(18):5994-6002.LI Qin,WAN Shuyuan,XU Ze,ZHAO Caiping.Functional analysis of aldehyde ketone reductase gene prupeAKR2 in peach during fruit ripening and softening[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2021,19(18):5994-6002.
[50] 王伟,程鑫,崔振国,蒋亚博,谭彬,程钧,张郎郎,冯建灿.铜胺氧化酶基因PpCuAO4 在桃成熟中的功能鉴定[J].核农学报,2022,36(9):1738-1745.WANG Wei,CHENG Xin,CUI Zhenguo,JIANG Yabo,TAN Bin,CHENG Jun,ZHANG Langlang,FENG Jiancan. Function identification of copper amine oxidase gene PpCuAO4 during ripening of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2022,36(9):1738-1745.
[51] 张泽华,万淑媛,李琴,刘福云,赵彩平.桃PpNCED 家族成员鉴定与表达特性分析[J]. 西北农业学报,2021,30(10):1495-1503.ZHANG Zehua,WAN Shuyuan,LI Qin,LIU Fuyun,ZHAO Caiping.Identification and expression analysis of PpNCED family membersin Prunus persica[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2021,30(10):1495-1503.
[52] ROTHKEGEL K,ESPINOZA A,SANHUEZA D,LILLO-CARMONA V,RIVEROS A,CAMPOS-VARGAS R,MENESES C.Identification of DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles associated with fruit mealiness in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2021,12:684130.
[53] CAO K F,ZHANG S Y,CHEN Y,YE J F,WEI Y Y,JIANG S,SHAO X F. ERF transcription factor PpRAP2.12 activates PpVIN2 expression in peach fruit and reduces tolerance to cold stress[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,199:112276.
[54] CHEN S Q,CHEN M S,LI Y L,HUANG X,NIU D Q,RASHID A,XU C J,WANG K. Adjustments of both phospholipids and sphingolipids contribute to cold tolerance in stony hard peach fruit by continuous ethylene[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,171:111332.
[55] ZHOU H J,SU M S,DU J H,ZHANG X N,LI X W,ZHANG M H,HU Y,HUAN C,YE Z W.Crucial roles of sorbitol metabolism and energy status in the chilling tolerance of yellow peach[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2023,204:108092.
[56] 张圆圆,刘文敬,张斌斌,蔡志翔,宋宏峰,俞明亮,马瑞娟.不同类型桃果实内酯芳香物质构成与重要性评价[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(10):2026-2037.ZHANG Yuanyuan,LIU Wenjing,ZHANG Binbin,CAI Zhixiang,SONG Hongfeng,YU Mingliang,MA Ruijuan. Characterization of the lactone volatile compounds in different types of peach(Prunus persica L.)fruit and evaluations of their contributions to fruit overall aroma[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(10):2026-2037.
[57] FARCUH M,HOPFER H.Aroma volatiles as predictors of chilling injury development during peach [Prunus persica (L)Batsch]cold storage and subsequent shelf-life[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,195:112137.
[58] 张圆圆,刘文敬,张斌斌,马瑞娟,俞明亮.桃内酯芳香物质合成相关的环氧化物水解酶候选基因的鉴别[J].江苏农业学报,2023,39(1):178-186.ZHANG Yuanyuan,LIU Wenjing,ZHANG Binbin,MA Ruijuan,YU Mingliang. Identification of candidate epoxide hydrolase genes involved in the biosynthesis of lactone volatile compounds in peach(Prunus persica L.)[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2023,39(1):178-186.
[59] ZHOU H J,YU Z F,YE Z W,SU M S. Multiplex analyses of the changes of aromatic compounds during the development of peach fruit using GC-MS and iTRAQ proteomic techniques[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,236:96-105.
[60] PENG B,GU Z X,ZHOU Y F,NING Y Z,XU H Y,LI G,NI Y,SUN P P,XIE Z Q,SHI S P,DARK A,SONG Z Z.Potential role of fatty acid desaturase 2 in regulating peach aroma formation[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,204:112473.
[61] ZHANG B,SHEN J Y,WEI W W,XI W P,XU C J,FERGUSON I,CHEN K S. Expression of genes associated with aroma formation derived from the fatty acid pathway during peach fruit ripening[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(10):6157-6165.
[62] XIAO X,SHI L Y,DONG W Q,JIN S W,LIU Q L,CHEN W,CAO S F,YANG Z F. Ethylene promotes carotenoid accumulation in peach pulp after harvest[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2022,304:111347.
[63] LI C H,LEI C Y,WANG K T,TAN M L,XU F,WANG J S,ZHENG Y H. MADS2 regulates priming defence in postharvest peach through combined salicylic acid and abscisic acid signaling[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2022,73(11):3787-3806.
[64] 汪开拓,王英.BTH 诱导采后桃果实抗病性反应对其贮藏品质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(6):212-219.WANG Kaituo,WANG Ying. Study on the effect of disease resistance induced by BTH treatment on the storage quality of postharvest peach[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2013,39(6):212-219.
[65] ZHANG Y T,LING J,ZHOU H S,TIAN M Y,HUANG W,LUO S F,HU H L,LI P X. 1-Methylcyclopropene counteracts ethylene inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation in peach skin after harvest[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2022,183:111737.
[66] 黎春红,汪开拓,雷长毅,许凤,季娜娜,蒋永波.桃TGA 家族鉴定及BABA 诱导的抗病表达分析[J]. 园艺学报,2022,49(2):265-280.LI Chunhong,WANG Kaituo,LEI Changyi,XU Feng,JI Nana,JIANG Yongbo. Identification of TGA gene family in peach and analysis of expression mode involved in a BABA-induced disease resistance[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2022,49(2):265-280.
[67] LI C H,WANG K T,HUANG Y X,LEI C Y,CAO S F,QIU L L,XU F,JIANG Y B,ZOU Y Y,ZHENG Y H. Activation of the BABA-induced priming defence through redox homeostasis and the modules of TGA1 and MAPKK5 in postharvest peach fruit[J].Molecular Plant Pathology,2021,22(12):1624-1640.
[68] LI Y F,JI N N,ZUO X X,HOU Y Y,ZHANG J L,ZOU Y Y,JIN P,ZHENG Y H. PpMYB308 is involved in Pichia guilliermondii-induced disease resistance against Rhizopus rot by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway in peach fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,195:112115.
[69] LI Y F,JI N N,ZUO X X,ZHANG J L,ZOU Y Y,RU X Y,WANG K T,JIN P,ZHENG Y H. Involvement of PpMYB306 in Pichia guilliermondii-induced peach fruit resistance against Rhizopus stolonifer[J].Biological Control,2023,177:105130.
[70] FANG K,ZHANG A L,XI W P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the B-box gene family in peach fruit during postharvest cold storage and subsequent shelf life[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,172:111387.
[71] ZHAO L Y,XIE B,HOU Y Y,ZHAO Y Q,ZHENG Y H,JIN P.Genome-wide identification of the CDPK gene family reveals the CDPK-RBOH pathway potential involved in improving chilling tolerance in peach fruit[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2022,191:10-19.
[72] ZHAO Y Q,ZHAO L Y,HU S Q,HOU Y Y,WANG J D,ZHENG Y H,JIN P. Hydrogen sulfide-induced chilling resistance in peach fruit is performed via sustaining the homeostasis of ROS and RNS[J].Food Chemistry,2023,398:133940.
[73] 李帅颉,张文娜,张志刚,郑亚琴,刘振宁,徐蒙. 桃COR413基因家族鉴定及其在采后低温和LTC 处理中的表达[J].分子植物育种,2022,20(24):8091-8098.LI Shuaijie,ZHANG Wenna,ZHANG Zhigang,ZHENG Yaqin,LIU Zhenning,XU Meng. Identification of COR413 gene family in peach and its postharvest expression under low temperature and LTC treatment[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2022,20(24):8091-8098.
[74] ZHU Y C,WANG K,WU C X,HAO Y T,ZHANG B,GRIERSON D,CHEN K S,XU C J.DNA hypermethylation associated with the development of temperature-dependent postharvest chilling injury in peach fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,181:111645.
[75] DUAN W Y,YANG C,CAO X M,ZHANG C,LIU H R,CHEN K S,LI X,ZHANG B. Transcriptome and DNA methylome analysis reveal new insights into methyl jasmonate-alleviated chilling injury of peach fruit after cold storage[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2022,189:111915.
[76] SONG C B,WANG K,XIAO X,LIU Q L,YANG M J,LI X,FENG Y B,LI S S,SHI L Y,CHEN W,YANG Z F. Membrane lipid metabolism influences chilling injury during cold storage of peach fruit[J]. Food Research International,2022,157:111249.
[77] QIAN J P,ZHAO Y J,SHI Y N,CHEN K S. Transcriptome analysis of peach fruit under 1-MCP treatment provides insights into regulation network in melting peach softening[J]. Food Quality and Safety,2022,6:fyac048.
[78] 谢斯雯,桑倩姿,姜航,孟静璇,罗东涛,陈亚辉,张竹茂,宋志忠.1-MCP 处理对不同肉质桃果实糖、酸含量及相关基因表达水平的影响[J].分子植物育种,2022,20(7):2170-2178.XIE Siwen,SANG Qianzi,JIANG Hang,MENG Jingxuan,LUO Dongtao,CHEN Yahui,ZHANG Zhumao,SONG Zhizhong.Effects of 1-MCP treatment on sugar acid content and related genes expression in different flesh texture peaches[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2022,20(7):2170-2178.
[79] 董欣瑞,张珮,袁楚珊,刘伟,张菊华,苏东林,朱向荣.1-MCP联合乙烯吸附剂处理对黄桃果实冷害与糖代谢的影响[J].中国食品学报,2022,22(9):208-216.DONG Xinrui,ZHANG Pei,YUAN Chushan,LIU Wei,ZHANG Juhua,SU Donglin,ZHU Xiangrong. Effects of 1-MCP combined with ethylene adsorbent on chilling injury and sugar metabolism of peach fruit[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2022,22(9):208-216.
[80] 彭思佳,虞任莹,童秀子,李雪瑞,李宏,于丽娟,罗海波. 1-MCP 处理结合激光微孔膜包装对采后水蜜桃的保鲜效果[J].食品工业科技,2022,43(17):363-370.PENG Sijia,YU Renying,TONG Xiuzi,LI Xuerui,LI Hong,YU Lijuan,LUO Haibo. Effect of 1-MCP treatment combined with laser microporous film packing on the preservation effect of honey peach fruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2022,43(17):363-370.
[81] 王美红,李一诺,葛柯良,刘昀婕,段艳欣.1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)与CaCl2 处理对桃果实采后贮藏品质及生理的影响[J].植物生理学报,2021,57(5):1113-1122.WANG Meihong,LI Yinuo,GE Keliang,LIU Yunjie,DUAN Yanxin. Effects of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) and CaCl2 treatments on postharvest storage quality and physiology of peach fruit[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2021,57(5):1113-1122.
[82] HUANG Y N,ZHANG P,LIU W,ZHANG Q,LI G Y,SHAN Y,ZHU X R. Understanding the volatile organic compounds of 1-methylcyclopropylene fumigation and packaging on yellowfleshed peach via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and chemometric analyses[J]. Journal of Food Science,2022,87(9):4009-4026.
[83] LIU H R,HE H,LIU C X,WANG C F,QIAO Y J,ZHANG B.Changes of sensory quality,flavor-related metabolites and gene expression in peach fruit treated by controlled atmosphere (CA)under cold storage[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(13):7141.
[84] 徐思朦,艾少杰,薛蕾,朱长青,周楷轩,冷鹏,徐昌杰.自发气调处理对桃果实采后冷害及风味品质的调控效应[J].果树学报,2023,40(9):1952-1965.XU Simeng,AI Shaojie,XUE Lei,ZHU Changqing,ZHOU Kaixuan,LENG Peng,XU Changjie. Effects of modified atmosphere treatments on chilling injury and flavor quality of peach fruit during storage[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2023,40(9):1952-1965.
[85] CAI H F,HAN S,YU M L,MA R J,YU Z F. Exogenous nitric oxide fumigation promoted the emission of volatile organic compounds in peach fruit during shelf life after long-term cold storage[J].Food Research International,2020,133:109135.
[86] WU X Q,YUAN J W,WANG X Q,YU M L,MA R J,YU Z F.Synergy of nitric oxide and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment in prolong ripening and senescence of peach fruit[J]. Foods,2021,10(12):2956.
[87] WANG C Y,HUANG D D,TIAN W,ZHU S H.Nitric oxide alleviates mitochondrial oxidative damage and maintains mitochondrial functions in peach fruit during cold storage[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2021,287:110249.
[88] SONG C C,ZHAO Y Y,LI A,QI S N,LIN Q,DUAN Y Q.Postharvest nitric oxide treatment induced the alternative oxidase pathway to enhance antioxidant capacity and chilling tolerance in peach fruit[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2021,167:113-122.
[89] 蔡琰,余美丽,邢宏杰,狄华涛,裴娇艳,许凤,郑永华.低温预贮处理对冷藏水蜜桃冷害和品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(6):334-338.CAI Yan,YU Meili,XING Hongjie,DI Huatao,PEI Jiaoyan,XU Feng,ZHENG Yonghua. Effects of low temperature conditioning on chilling injury and quality of cold-stored juicy peach fruit[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(6):334-338.
[90] XI W P,ZHANG B,SHEN J Y,SUN C D,XU C J,CHEN K S.Intermittent warming alleviated the loss of peach fruit aroma-related esters by regulation of AAT during cold storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2012,74:42-48.
[91] 周丹丹,李婷婷,吴彩娥,屠康.转录和蛋白质组学分析热空气处理对桃果实采后冷藏期间糖酸和酚类物质代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2022,43(17):208-220.ZHOU Dandan,LI Tingting,WU Cai’e,TU Kang. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis provide insight into metabolisms of sugars,organic acids and phenols in hot air treated peaches during cold storage[J].Food Science,2022,43(17):208-220.
[92] HUAN C,JIANG L,AN X J,KANG R Y,YU M L,MA R J,YU Z F. Potential role of glutathione peroxidase gene family in peach fruit ripening under combined postharvest treatment with heat and 1-MCP[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,111:175-184.
[93] JIA Z Y,BAO Y Q,ZHAO Y Q,LIU Y,ZHENG Y H,FENG Z Y,JIN P.Cold shock treatment enhances cold tolerance in peach fruit through modulating PpbZIP9 and PpVIP1-mediated respiratory metabolism[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2023,204:112421.
[94] ZHOU D D,LIU Q,PENG J,TU S C,PAN L Q,TU K. Metabolic analysis of phenolic profiles reveals the enhancements of anthocyanins and procyanidins in postharvest peach as affected by hot air and ultraviolet C[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2020,167:111227.
[95] 孙亚静,王燕,郝雅婧,周丹丹,屠康.不同LED 处理对油桃果实采后类胡萝卜素及可溶性糖代谢的影响[J]. 核农学报,2023,37(8):1634-1642.SUN Yajing,WANG Yan,HAO Yajing,ZHOU Dandan,TU Kang. Effects of different LED treatments on carotenoids and soluble sugar metabolism in postharvest nectarines[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2023,37(8):1634-1642.
[96] TANG T T,ZHOU H S,WANG L B,ZHAO J,MA L J,LING J,LI G F,HUANG W,LI P X,ZHANG Y T.Post-harvest application of methyl jasmonate or prohydrojasmon affects color development and anthocyanins biosynthesis in peach by regulation of sucrose metabolism[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2022,9:871467.
[97] 王友升,王胜杰,陈小燕,胡玲,李丽萍,王贵禧.1-MCP 和水杨酸对大久保桃果实衰老中挥发性物质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(10):214-221.WANG Yousheng,WANG Shengjie,CHEN Xiaoyan,HU Ling,LI Liping,WANG Guixi. Effect of 1-MCP and SA on volatile compounds of‘Okubao’peach during senescence[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2016,16(10):214-221.
[98] ZHAO Y Y,SONG C C,QI S N,LIN Q,DUAN Y Q. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induce the accumulation of sucrose and increase resistance to chilling injury in peach fruit[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2021,101(10):4250-4255.
[99] ZHAO Y Y,TANG J X,BRUMMELL D A,SONG C C,QI S N,LIN Q,BI J F,DUAN Y Q.Abscisic acid alleviates chilling injury in cold-stored peach fruit by regulating the metabolism of sucrose[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2022,298:111000.
[100] ZHOU C J,DONG W Q,JIN S W,LIU Q L,SHI L Y,CAO S F,LI S S,CHEN W,YANG Z F. γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment induced chilling tolerance in postharvest peach fruit by upregulating ascorbic acid and glutathione contents at the molecular level[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2022,13:1059979.
[101] XIE B,LING C,HU S Q,HOU Y Y,ZHENG Y H,JIN P. CaM enhances chilling tolerance of peach fruit by regulating energy and GABA metabolism[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,181:111691.
[102] 苑智华. 褪黑素处理在减少桃果实冷害中的生理作用[J]. 分子植物育种,2021,19(18):6179-6183.YUAN Zhihua. The physiological effect of melatonin treatment on reducing chilling injury in peach fruit[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2021,19(18):6179-6183.
[103] WU C C,HAO W Z,YAN L,ZHANG H Z,ZHANG J,LIU C H,ZHENG L.Postharvest melatonin treatment enhanced antioxidant activity and promoted GABA biosynthesis in yellow-flesh peach[J].Food Chemistry,2023,419:136088.
[104] HU S Q,HOU Y Y,ZHAO L Y,ZHENG Y H,JIN P. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit through modulating PpGATA12-mediated sucrose and energy metabolisms[J].Food Chemistry,2023,400:133996.
[105] HU S Q,XIE B,HOU Y Y,ZHAO L Y,ZHENG Y H,JIN P.Postharvest 24-epibrassinolide treatment improves chilling resistance of peach fruit via PpHDT1 modulating brassinosteroid metabolism[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2023,204:108116.
[106] JIA Z Y,WANG Y,WANG L,ZHENG Y H,JIN P.Amino acid metabolomic analysis involved in flavor quality and cold tolerance in peach fruit treated with exogenous glycine betaine[J].Food Research International,2022,157:111204.
[107] 侯旭,关伟,胡晓,袁雪,张国庆,刘悦萍.桃树根部内生真菌ZJ-4 的分离鉴定及其对桃褐腐病的抑制效果[J].微生物学杂志,2018,38(2):63-69.HOU Xu,GUAN Wei,HU Xiao,YUAN Xue,ZHANG Guoqing,LIU Yueping. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungus ZJ-4 from peach roots and its inhibitory effect against Monilinia fructicola[J]. Journal of Microbiology,2018,38(2):63-69.
[108] 袁雪,侯旭,胡晓,常昊天,杨瑞,刘悦萍.桃褐腐病拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及生防作用[J].北京农学院学报,2018,33(4):7-13.YUAN Xue,HOU Xu,HU Xiao,CHANG Haotian,YANG Rui,LIU Yueping. Screening and identification of antagonistic bacteria and its control effect against the peach brown rot[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture,2018,33(4):7-13.
[109] 纪兆林,贺惠文,周慧娟,韩峰,童蕴慧,叶正文,徐敬友.地衣芽孢杆菌W10 及其抗菌蛋白对桃褐腐病的抑制作用[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):1879-1888.JI Zhaolin,HE Huiwen,ZHOU Huijuan,HAN Feng,TONG Yunhui,YE Zhengwen,XU Jingyou. Preservative effects of Bacillus licheniformis W10 and its antifungal protein on storage peach fruits[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(10):1879-1888.
[110] XU Y Y,WEI J Y,WEI Y Y,HAN P P,DAI K,ZOU X R,JIANG S,XU F,WANG H F,SUN J C,SHAO X F. Tea tree oil controls brown rot in peaches by damaging the cell membrane of Monilinia fructicola[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2021,175:111474.
[111] FONTANA D C,NETO D D,PRETTO M M,MARIOTTO A B,CARON B O,KULCZYNSKI S M,SCHMIDT D.Using essential oils to control diseases in strawberries and peaches[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology,2021,338:108980.
[112] YAN J,WU H,SHI F,WANG H,CHEN K,FENG J,JIA W.Antifungal activity screening for mint and thyme essential oils against Rhizopus stolonifer and their application in postharvest preservation of strawberry and peach fruits[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2021,130(6):1993-2007.
[113] 汪开拓,雷长毅,韦盼盼,刘群,黎春红,蒋永波.亚精胺处理对桃果实贮藏品质及内源乙烯和多胺代谢的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2020,46(10):92-99.WANG Kaituo,LEI Changyi,WEI Panpan,LIU Qun,LI Chunhong,JIANG Yongbo. Effects of spermidine treatments on storage quality as well as metabolism of endogenous ethylene and polyamines in postharvest peaches[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,46(10):92-99.
[114] 张雨晴,周靓,施文卫,朱辰晖,袁家伟,吴晓芹.碧螺春老叶多酚对桃果实保鲜效果研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2023,49(4):117-122.ZHANG Yuqing,ZHOU Liang,SHI Wenwei,ZHU Chenhui,YUAN Jiawei,WU Xiaoqin. Study of polyphenol from Biluochun [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.] old leaves on peach fruit preservation[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries,2023,49(4):117-122.
[115] JIAO W X,LI X X,WANG X M,CAO J K,JIANG W B.Chlorogenic acid induces resistance against Penicillium expansum in peach fruit by activating the salicylic acid signaling pathway[J].Food Chemistry,2018,260:274-282.
[116] 王贵禧,王友升,梁丽松.不同贮藏温度模式下大久保桃果实冷害及其品质劣变研究[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(2):114-119.WANG Guixi,WANG Yousheng,LIANG Lisong. Studies on chilling injury and quality deterioration of‘Okubao’peach under different storage temperature strategies[J]. Forest Research,2005,18(2):114-119.
[117] 罗自生,姜柔王,李贞彪,肖韵,龚晓惠,侯东园,黄静,陈彦培,林星宇,徐艳群.1-MCP 缓释水凝胶对采后草莓果实品质和抗病性的影响[J].食品工业科技,2024,45(2):316-323.LU0 Zisheng,JANG Rouwang,LI Zhenbiao,XIAO Yun,GONG Xiaohui,HOU Dongyuan,HUANG Jing,CHEN Yanpei,LIN Xingyu,XU Yanqun. A Hydrogel with sustained release of 1-MCP affects the fruit quality and disease resistance of postharvest strawberry[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2024,45(2):316-323.
[118] JIN P,ZHENG Y H,TANG S S,RUI H J,WANG C Y.A combination of hot air and methyl jasmonate vapor treatment alleviates chilling injury of peach fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2009,52(1):24-29.
[119] WU X C,HU Q Y,LIANG X R,CHEN J,HUAN C,FANG S.Methyl jasmonate encapsulated in protein-based nanoparticles to enhance water dispersibility and used as coatings to improve cherry tomato storage[J]. Food Packaging and Shelf Life,2022,33:100925.
[120] HABIBI K,SEPEHRI H,DELPHI L,MIRJALILI M H,RAFATI H. Design and production of methyl jasmonate nanoemulsions using experimental design technique and evaluation of its anti-cancer efficacy[J].Die Pharmazie,2017,72(11):652-662.
Advances in postharvest biology and regulation techniques for prevention of fruit quality deterioration in peach