乙烯利对5个菠萝品种成花及品质的影响

普 跃1,2,林文秋1*,刘朝阳2,刘胜辉1,吴青松1,孙伟生1,陆新华1,高玉尧1,贺军军1

1中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江 524091;2华南农业大学园艺学院,广州 510642)

摘 要:【目的】筛选出不同菠萝品种适宜的乙烯利催花质量浓度,为菠萝成熟期调节及新品种推广提供参考依据。【方法】利用25~1000 mg·L-1乙烯利对Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号5个菠萝品种进行灌心处理,探究不同乙烯利质量浓度对各菠萝品种成花率、抽蕾期、果实内外品质及畸形率的影响。【结果】除台农22号外,各菠萝品种随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加成花率显著提升。其中,Josapine和台农4号诱导成花的最佳质量浓度为400 mg·L-1,MD-2和台农21号诱导成花的最佳质量浓度为800 mg·L-1。当处理质量浓度大于400 mg·L-1时,Josapine、台农4号和台农21号抽蕾期进一步缩短,MD-2抽蕾期则逐渐延长。当乙烯利质量浓度大于200 mg·L-1时,Josapine、MD-2和台农22号纵横径、单果质量等形态指标呈下降趋势。随着乙烯利质量浓度的升高,各品种可滴定酸含量呈下降趋势;相反地,可溶性固形物含量随质量浓度的升高呈上升的趋势。此外,5个菠萝品种在乙烯利诱导下均有畸形果产生,其中Josapine在高质量浓度乙烯利作用下,畸形率最高,达到65.52%,而MD-2畸形率仅为6.67%。【结论】Josapine最适乙烯利催花质量浓度为400 mg·L-1;台农4号、MD-2和台农21号最适质量浓度为800 mg·L-1;而单一乙烯利不能诱导台农22号成花。

关键词:菠萝;乙烯利;成花;抽蕾期;品质

菠萝[Ananas comosus(L.)Merr],又名凤梨、旺梨、黄梨,属于凤梨科凤梨属多年生单子叶草本果树,其果实香气独特,口感酸甜适中,富含膳食纤维,深得消费者的青睐[1-3]。菠萝自然开花的成花率具有不确定性,且开花不整齐,导致商品果率低、采收期不集中,严重影响经济效益,阻碍了菠萝产业的升级发展[4]。为了提高成花率和整齐度,通常施用萘乙酸[5]β-羟基乙肼[6]、电石[7]、乙烯利[8]等外源物质诱导成花(催花)。其中,乙烯利和电石的施用效果最好,是生产上常用的催花药剂[1]。但电石催花需要在夜间施用多次才能提高成花率,费时费力,且电石易燃易爆,存在极大的安全隐患;而乙烯利具有成本低廉、施用简便、安全环保的优点,是良好的催花药剂[9-10]。因此,建立基于乙烯利的催花技术对菠萝产期调节和新品种的推广具有重要意义。

虽然乙烯利能有效诱导菠萝成花,但其催花效果受品种和季节的影响。现有研究结果表明,不同菠萝品种对乙烯利诱导成花的敏感性存在差异[11]。巴厘对乙烯利诱导极为敏感,200 mg·L-1乙烯利诱导即可100%成花[12];台农17 号对乙烯利诱导不敏感,1000 mg·L- 1 乙烯利处理2 次成花率仅为51.67%[13]。同时,温度也是影响乙烯利诱导成花的重要因素之一,黄隆军[14]研究发现,当日均温为19.55 ℃时,667 mg·L-1乙烯利可完全诱导无刺卡因成花;而当温度≥35 ℃,日均温≥25.6 ℃时,乙烯利质量浓度只有提升至930~1212 mg·L-1才能使其成花率达到100%。此外,乙烯利质量浓度也能影响菠萝品质。当乙烯利质量浓度为800~1333 mg·L-1时,台农16号单果质量随着乙烯利质量浓度增加呈下降趋势[15]。Wiangsamut等[16]研究发现,MD-2的可溶性固形物含量在乙烯利质量浓度为260 mg·L-1时达到最大值,但随质量浓度的增加,其含量呈降低趋势。

目前,中国的主栽品种为巴厘,近年来,为了解决品种结构单一的问题,引进了Josapine(红香菠萝)、台农4 号(手撕菠萝)、MD-2(金菠萝)、台农21号(黄金菠萝)和台农22 号(西瓜菠萝)等新品种。虽然部分品种已建立了催花技术[17-19],但其主要集中在春秋季节,而系统性地对这些品种进行夏季催花,以及研究乙烯利催花对果实品质的影响尚未见报道。笔者在本研究中以Josapine、台农4 号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号为试验对象,探究乙烯利质量浓度对各菠萝品种成花率、整齐度及果实品质的影响,以期为菠萝栽培技术的改进及新品种的推广提供参考依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料

试验在中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所菠萝基地进行,栽培地土壤类型为凝灰岩砖红壤,pH值为4.41,供试品种Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号吸芽于2021年6月定植,菠萝生长期间的肥水管理按常规菠萝栽培进行,在催花前1 个月停止施用氮肥,选择生长势及叶片数一致、35 cm以上叶片达30片的植株为催花材料。催花药剂为40%乙烯利水剂,由上海华谊集团华源化工有限公司生产。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 田间催花处理 试验共设置25 mg·L-1(稀释16 000倍)、50 mg·L-1(稀释8000倍)、100 mg·L-1(稀释4000 倍)、200 mg·L-1(稀释2000 倍)、400 mg·L-1(稀释1000倍)、800 mg·L-1(稀释500倍)、1000 mg·L-1(稀释400倍)7个乙烯利质量浓度。不同菠萝品种每个处理10株,3次重复,催花溶液体积为30 mL·株-1,灌心处理1次,试验以清水为对照。催花时间于7月28—29日17:00后进行,气温为26 ℃~35 ℃,催花后25 d开始田间观察,记录各菠萝品种抽蕾时间,并计算各处理成花率及抽蕾整齐度[20]

成花率/%=抽蕾株数/处理总株数×100。

抽蕾整齐度=(抽蕾时间平均值-抽蕾时间标准差)/抽蕾时间平均值×100。

1.2.2 果实外观品质测定 待果实达到商品采收成熟度时采收(表1),所有果实分别进行冠芽数量、冠芽高度、冠芽质量、果实纵横径、果实质量、果实周长、小果数共8个指标的测定。测定方法参照NY/T 2668.8—2018《热带作物品种试验技术规程》,并计算果形指数及畸形率。具体计算公式如下:果形指数=果实纵径/果实横径,畸形率/%=畸形果数/总果实数×100。

表1 不同品种果实采收概况
Table 1 Situation of fruit harvesting of different varieties

注:“/”表示该浓度下成花率为0。
Note:The“/”indicates that the flowering rate at this concentration is 0.

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1.2.3 果实内在品质测定 单个处理随机选取3个果实并3次重复(当处理成花率过低则全部取样)进行可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量的测定,其中可溶性固形物含量采用数显手持糖量计(Atago,Tokyo,Japan)测定;可溶性糖含量采用硫酸蒽酮比色法[21]测定;可滴定酸含量采用氢氧化钠滴定法(以柠檬酸计)[21]测定;维生素C含量采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法测定,方法参照GB/T 6195—1986。

1.3 数据处理

运用Excel 2016进行数据整理和汇总并利用Origin 2021 绘图,采用SPSS 23 进行数据分析并利用Duncan新复极差法检验差异显著性(p<0.05)。

2 结果与分析

2.1 乙烯利质量浓度影响菠萝成花

由图1 可知,不同菠萝品种对乙烯利的敏感性存在差异。当乙烯利质量浓度为25~400 mg·L-1时,Josapine 与台农4 号的成花率随质量浓度的增加而显著提高,当质量浓度超过400 mg·L-1时,成花率变化不显著,表明Josapine和台农4号诱导成花的最佳质量浓度为400 mg·L-1;MD-2和台农21号成花率随质量浓度的增加而显著提高,当乙烯利质量浓度提升至800 mg·L-1时,其成花率最高,分别为90.00%和83.33%,但随着乙烯利质量浓度的升高,成花率则进一步降低;而台农22号在不同质量浓度乙烯利处理下,成花率最高仅为33.33%,属于乙烯利钝感型品种。综上所述,不同菠萝品种对乙烯利敏感性由强到弱依次为:Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号。

图1 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对5 个菠萝品种成花率的影响
Fig.1 Effects of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on flowering rate of five pineapple varieties

A.MD-2;B.台农21 号;C.Josapine;D.台农4 号;E.台农22 号。n.d 表示该浓度下成花率为0。不同小写字母表示处理间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。下同。
A.MD-2;B.Tainong 21;C.Josapine;D.Tainong 4;E.Tainong 22.n.d indicates the flowering rate at this concentration is 0.Small letters indicate significant differences between treatments(p<0.05).The same below.

如图2所示,在不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理下,5个菠萝品种的抽蕾期存在差异。Josapine在所有处理中抽蕾时间均为29 d;当乙烯利质量浓度为25 mg·L-1时,抽蕾期为11 d,随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加,其抽蕾期逐渐缩短;当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,处理内的所有植株均整齐抽蕾。台农4号抽蕾时间受乙烯利质量浓度影响较明显,处理质量浓度愈高,抽蕾所需时间愈短;当处理质量浓度达到800 mg·L-1时,抽蕾时间缩短至33 d。MD-2所有处理的抽蕾时间均为31 d;当乙烯利质量浓度为50 mg·L-1时,抽蕾期为6 d,随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加,其抽蕾期逐渐延长;当乙烯利处理质量浓度达1000 mg·L-1时,其抽蕾期延长至22 d。台农21号所有处理抽蕾时间也均为31 d。当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,其抽蕾期达到了27 d,随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加,抽蕾期逐渐缩短。而台农22号对乙烯利敏感性差,乙烯利质量浓度对其抽蕾期的影响不明显,当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,其抽蕾期最短。

图2 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对5 个菠萝品种抽蕾期的影响
Fig.2 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the floral bud emergence stage of five pineapple varieties

A.Josapine;B.台农4 号;C.MD-2;D.台农21 号;E.台农22 号。每个圆点表示一个单株。A.Josapine;B.Tainong 4;C.MD-2;D.Tainong 21;E.Tainong 22.Each dot represents a single plant.

如表2所示,在不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理下,5 个菠萝品种的抽蕾整齐度也存在差异。Josapine抽蕾整齐度随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈逐渐升高的趋势,当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,处理内的所有植株均统一抽蕾,整齐度为100.00。台农4 号抽蕾整齐度变化趋势与Josapine 一致,当处理质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1时,其整齐度最佳。MD-2 抽蕾整齐度随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈降低的趋势,当乙烯利处理质量浓度达1000 mg·L-1时,其整齐度降低至76.52。当乙烯利质量浓度超过200 mg·L-1时,台农21 号抽蕾整齐度随乙烯利质量浓度的增加而逐步升高。而台农22 号整齐度随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,当乙烯利质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,其整齐度最佳。

表2 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对5 个菠萝品种抽蕾整齐度的影响
Table 2 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the floral bud emergence uniformity rate of five pineapple varieties

注:表中整齐度为“100”表示该质量浓度下植株整齐一致抽蕾。
Note:The uniformity of“100”in the table indicates that the plants floral bud emergence uniformly at this concentration.

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3 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对不同菠萝品种形态指标的影响
Table 3 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the morphological indexes of different pineapple varieties

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2.2 乙烯利质量浓度影响菠萝外观品质

由表3可知,Josapine的小果数、纵径、果形指数随处理质量浓度增加呈下降趋势,而冠芽高度和冠芽质量与之相反,当处理质量浓度大于400 mg·L-1时,除横径外的形态指标显著降低。台农4号形态指标随乙烯利质量浓度增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,纵横径、果形指数、周长、单果质量均达到最大值。除冠芽高度与质量外,MD-2果实形态指标随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势;当处理质量浓度大于200 mg·L-1时,纵径和单果质量显著下降。台农21号小果数随处理质量浓度增加而逐渐减少,而果形指数则呈先增高后降低趋势;当处理质量浓度为200 mg·L-1时,其纵径、果形指数、单果质量达最大值。而台农22 号小果数、纵径、果实周长、单果质量则随质量浓度增加呈先升高后下降的趋势。乙烯利质量浓度对不同菠萝品种果实外观品质的影响也存在差异(图3)。

图3 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对5 个菠萝品种外观形态的影响
Fig.3 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the appearance of five pineapple varieties

此外,各品种在处理过程中均存在畸形现象,其主要分为冠芽畸形及果实畸形(图4)。如表4所示,当处理质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1时,Josapine 畸形率达到了65.52%;台农4 号、台农22 号畸形率随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势,当乙烯利质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,两者畸形率均达最高;台农21号在各质量浓度下均有畸形果形成;而MD-2对乙烯利耐受性较强,畸形率较低。

图4 菠萝果实畸形情况
Fig.4 Situation of pineapple malformation

A.无冠芽果;B.多冠芽果;C.果实弯曲;D.小果发育不良。
A.Non Crown bud fruit;B.Multi crown bud fruit;C.Fruit curvature;D.Fruitlet maldevelopment.

表4 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对5 个菠萝品种畸形率的影响
Table 4 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the malformation rate of five pineapple varieties

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2.3 乙烯利质量浓度影响菠萝内在品质

如表5 所示,乙烯利质量浓度对不同品种内在品质存在不同的影响。Josapine 可溶性固形物含量随质量浓度增加呈上升趋势,与维生素C 含量变化趋势相反,当处理质量浓度为50 mg·L-1时,果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量与糖酸比均达到最高。台农4号可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈上升趋势,但可滴定酸含量及维生素C 含量呈下降趋势,当处理质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1时,果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比均达到最高。MD-2可滴定酸、维生素C含量随乙烯利质量浓度增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,其含量均达到最大值,而当处理质量浓度为50 mg·L-1时,果实可滴定酸含量最少,糖酸比最大。台农21号可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量随乙烯利质量浓度的升高呈下降趋势,当处理质量浓度为200 mg·L-1时,果实可溶性糖含量最高,糖酸比最大。台农22号各处理质量浓度间可溶性糖含量差异不显著,当处理质量浓度为400 mg·L-1时,果实可滴定酸含量最高,糖酸比最低。

表5 不同质量浓度的乙烯利处理对不同菠萝品种品质指标的影响
Table 5 Effect of ethephon treatment with different concentrations on the quality indexes of different pineapple varieties

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3 讨 论

乙烯利作为一种重要的植物生长调节剂被广泛用于诱导菠萝成花,目前已证实乙烯是唯一能直接启动菠萝生殖生长的内源激素,乙烯利通过诱导内源乙烯的合成来诱导成花[22]。但不同菠萝品种对乙烯利诱导敏感性存在差异,本研究结果表明,各菠萝品种对乙烯利敏感性由强到弱依次为:Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号、台农22号。其中Josapine和台农4号对乙烯利的敏感性较强,易于催花,这与Chan[23]和Shu等[24]的研究结果一致。本试验中MD-2、台农21号在800 mg·L-1处理时均达最高成花率,这与前人[25-27]的研究结果基本一致。台农22号在不同质量浓度乙烯利处理下,其成花率最高仅为33.33%,而王小媚等[19]在春秋季选择800~1000 mg·L-1乙烯利对台农22 号进行灌心,成花率最高,出现这种差异的可能原因是催花季节不同。此外,乙烯利质量浓度对不同菠萝品种抽蕾时间的影响也存在差异,笔者在本研究中发现乙烯利质量浓度增加会缩短台农4 号的抽蕾时间,这与黄隆军[14]的研究结果一致;但Josapine、MD-2、台农21号的抽蕾时间不随乙烯利质量浓度产生变化,表明不同菠萝品种对乙烯利的反应也不尽相同。

单果质量和果形是决定果实商品性的主要因素之一[22]。其中,单果质量是衡量菠萝产量的重要指标。蔡昭艳等[28]研究发现,7个菠萝品种催花果单果质量均显著高于自然果,表明了乙烯利对菠萝单果质量的增加有显著的效果,但在对珍珠菠萝研究中乙烯利质量浓度的增加对其果实发育会产生抑制作用[29]。在本试验中当处理质量浓度过高时,各品种的单果质量、纵横径也显著降低,暗示着高质量浓度乙烯利对果实质量有抑制作用。而果形指数则是评价菠萝果形的重要指标[30]。刘胜辉等[29]研究发现,珍珠菠萝果形指数随乙烯利质量浓度的增加呈降低趋势。在本研究结果中当乙烯利用量超过一定质量浓度时,各菠萝品种果形指数均呈现降低的趋势,这与前人的研究结果基本吻合。此外,在本试验中Josapine、台农21号、台农22号冠芽高度均随乙烯利质量浓度增加呈上升趋势,这与单果质量的变化趋势相反,可能是高质量浓度乙烯利抑制了果实的发育,从而将多余养分用于冠芽的发育。

果实品质是决定菠萝市场价值和消费者接受程度的重要因素之一,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、有机酸含量以及糖酸比是反映菠萝内在品质最重要的指标[31]。在本试验中随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加,各菠萝品种可溶性固形物含量总体呈增加的趋势,而可滴定酸含量则呈下降的趋势,除了环境因素及采摘时间影响外,还可能是由于高质量浓度乙烯利增进了内源乙烯的释放,从而促进有机酸向糖的转化,降低了可滴定酸含量[32]。虽然乙烯利质量浓度的增加会导致果实中酸含量的降低,但其对各菠萝品种糖酸比影响程度也不尽相同,这也表明了不同品种对乙烯利诱导下品质的变化也存在差异,所以在生产实践中,只有合理制定各品种的适宜乙烯利质量浓度才能进一步提升果实品质。

乙烯利除了对菠萝成花及果实品质有影响外,高质量浓度乙烯利还会导致果实畸形,影响其商品价值。华敏等[33]认为多刺菠萝品种较少刺菠萝品种对乙烯利的适宜质量浓度范围更广且具备较强的耐受能力。而本研究结果中发现少刺品种MD-2对乙烯利耐受性较强,仅在1000 mg·L-1时存在果实畸形,畸形率为6.67%,而多刺品种Josapine 耐受性较差,1000 mg·L-1处理时畸形率达到65.52%,表明多刺与少刺并非是判断菠萝对乙烯利耐受性的标准,还需结合特定品种来具体分析。此外,笔者在本研究中还发现台农4 号存在着果实扭曲现象,其中以400 mg·L-1处理畸形率最高,但华敏等[33]在引种试验中发现台农4 号对乙烯利表现出较强耐受性,40%乙烯利300~1100 倍液(364~1333 mg·L-1)均未发现畸形果,推测除了植株本身差异外,环境因素也可能是果实畸形的原因。

4 结 论

本试验中的不同菠萝品种对乙烯利敏感性存在差异,各品种对乙烯利敏感性由强到弱依次为:Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号。过高乙烯利质量浓度不仅会导致果实产量下降还易产生畸形果,但随着乙烯利质量浓度的升高,果实中可滴定酸含量降低而可溶性固形物含量趋于上升。综合各项指标,夏季催花时,Josapine最适乙烯利催花质量浓度为400 mg·L-1;台农4 号、MD-2 和台农21号最适乙烯利催花质量浓度为800 mg·L-1;而单一乙烯利不能诱导台农22号成花。

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Effects of ethephon on flower bud initiation and fruit quality of five pineapple varieties

PU Yue1, 2, LIN Wenqiu1*, LIU Chaoyang2, LIU Shenghui1, WU Qingsong1, SUN Weisheng1, LU Xinhua1,GAO Yuyao1,HE Junjun1

(1Institute of South Subtropical Crops,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524091,Guangdong,China;2College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

Abstract:【Objective】Pineapple,originating in South America,is renowned for the rich flavor and nutrition, which is one of the most distinctive and competitive tropical fruits in China. Flower induction was a crucial step in pineapple cultivation and a technical guarantee to ensure a year-round supply of pineapple.Currently,it has been proven that ethylene is the only endogenous hormone that can directly initiate the reproductive growth of pineapple. Ethephon has been widely utilized to induce pineapple flowering for attaining the higher flowering rate, uniformity rate, cost-effectiveness and convenient application. However, different varieties of pineapples exhibit varying sensitivities to ethephon induction,and thus it is necessary to identify the appropriate ethephon concentrations for each variety and explore appropriate flowering induction ways for different pineapple varieties in order to accelerate their popularization and demonstration.In this study,different pineapple varieties were chosed as research objects to explore the influence of ethephon concentrations on the flowering and fruit quality of pineapple to screen out the appropriate flowering concentrations for each variety,so as to provide a theoretical basis for production and application.【Methods】Five cultivars including Josapine,Tainong 4,MD-2,Tainong 21 and Tainong 22 were used as sample materials.Ethephon concentrations was set at 25,50,100,200,400,800 and 1000 mg·L-1,respectively,to induce pineapple flowering with three repetitions per concentration treatment. Each plant was treated with a volume of 30 mL solution with clean water serving as the control. The floral bud emergence of each variety was recorded, and flowering rate and floral bud emergence uniformity rate were calculated. All ripe fruits were investigated for the number of crown bud, height of crown bud, weight of crown bud, length and diameter of fruit, fruit weight, perimeter of fruit and number of fruitlets.The contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C were determined by random selection of three fruits as a treatment with three repetitions. If the flowering rate was too low,all fruits were collected as samples.Excel 2016 was used to sort out the data,Origin 2021 was used for plotting,and SPSS 23 was used for analysis of variance.【Results】Except for Tainong 22,the flowering rate of all pineapple varieties increased significantly with increase of ethephon concentrations.The best ethephon concentration for Josapine and Tainong 4 was 400 mg·L-1,and for MD-2 and Tainong 21 was 800 mg·L-1. In summary, the sensitivity of different pineapple varieties to ethephon was as follows: Josapine, Tainong 4, MD-2, Tainong 21 and Tainong 22 from strong to weak degrees.The floral bud emergence time of Tainong 4 decreased with the increase of ethephon concentrations, while the floral bud emergence time of Josapine, MD-2 and Tainong 21 did not change.And the floral bud emergence time of these varieties were 29, 31 and 31 days, respectively. When the ethephon concentration was greater than 400 mg·L-1, the floral bud emergence stage of Josapine, Tainong 4 and Tainong 21 was shortened, while the floral bud emergence stage of MD-2 was prolonged.The influence of ethephon concentration on the appearance quality varied with varieties.When the concentration of ethephon was greater than 200 mg·L-1,the morphological indexes of Josapine,MD-2 and Tainong 22 showed a downward trend.When the concentration was greater than 400 mg·L-1,the length,diameter and fruit weight of Tainong 4 showed a downward trend.The height of crown bud of Josapine,Tainong 21 and Tainong 22 increased with the increase of ethephon concentrations. Simultaniously, the influence of ethephon concentration on the intrinsic quality of different varieties was also different.With the increase of ethephon concentration,the titrable acid content of all pineapple varieties showed a decreasing trend,while the total soluble solid content of all varieties showed an opposite trend.In addition, the malformed fruit was produced in five varieties induced by ethephon.And Josapine was more sensitive to high concentration of ethephon, whose malformation rate reached 65.52%. The malformation rate of Tainong 4 and Tainong 22 increased first and then decreased with the increase of ethephon concentrations.Tainong 21 had deformed fruits at all concentrations.However,the malformation rate of MD-2 was only 6.67%.【Conclusion】According to various indexes, the optimal concentration of ethephon used in flower induction for Josapine was 400 mg·L-1,and Tainong 4,MD-2 and Tainong 21 was 800 mg·L-1.However,ethephon applied alone could not induce Tainong 22 to initiate flower buds.

Key words:Pineapple;Ethephon;Flowering;Floral bud emergence stage;Quality

中图分类号:S668.3

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2024)03-0505-12

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230371

收稿日期:2023-09-22

接受日期:2024-01-11

基金项目:海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN302);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32001989);国家重点研发计划子课题(2020YFD1000604)

作者简介:普跃,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为菠萝成花调控技术。Tel:18187739156,E-mail:1245974486@qq.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:13659725431,E-mail:linwenqiu1989@163.com