豫中地区46份桃种质的观赏性综合评价

乔雨轩1,申潇潇1,焦雪辉1,周小娟1,岳长平2,3*,史喜兵1*

1郑州市农业科技研究院,郑州 450005;2鄢陵县林业科学研究所,河南宁陵 461200;3鄢陵县东华种植农民专业合作社,河南宁陵 461200)

摘 要:【目的】建立桃种质的观赏性综合评价体系,为豫中地区合理引进和应用观赏桃种质资源提供参考依据。【方法】对46份桃种质的花期长度及其树型、花色、花型、花径、单枝着花数等性状指标进行调查,采用层次分析法构建模型,确定指标权重,综合评价其观赏性。【结果】在11个评价指标中,花期长度、花色、单枝着花数、花型、花径所占权重比例均较大(>12%),是影响桃种质观赏价值的重要指标。在赋分标准中,开张树型、牡丹花型、红花、大花径、高花量、长花期分值较高,均为5分。46份桃种质花色繁多,主色以红、粉、白为基调,并有少量复色花种质;植株在豫中地区始花期集中于2月下旬至3月中下旬,嫣粉娇香花期最长,为28 d,而绯桃和玲珑粉花期最短,只有15 d;嫣红早花的单枝着花数最高,平均为48.33朵;黄金美丽的平均花径最大,为53.41 mm,且其花丝数也最多,平均达到89.67条;万重粉的花瓣数是其他种质的2~5 倍,平均高达103.33 枚。根据综合得分,将46 份桃种质划分为4 个等级,其中Ⅰ级7份,Ⅱ级17份,Ⅲ级11份,Ⅳ级11份。【结论】利用层次分析法对桃种质的观赏性进行评价,较为系统全面、准确有效。鄢红、嫣红早花、红菊花桃、满天红、五宝桃、万重粉和画春寿星7份种质得分均高于3.677 1,观赏价值较高、适应性强,是园林应用和杂交育种的优良植物材料。

关键词:桃种质;观赏性状;综合评价;层次分析法

桃(Prunus persica L.)为蔷薇科李属桃亚属植物,起源于中国,栽培历史达上千年,依果实品质和花的观赏特性,可将桃分为果桃和观赏桃两大类。其中观赏桃具有古老的中国文化特色,成为文人墨客笔下美好的象征,是中国重要的早春观花树种[1]。因其耐旱耐寒、栽培难度低,且树形多姿、花色丰富、花型丰腴,受到人们的广泛喜爱,不仅在城市绿化、景区设计、专类园的建设中占有重要地位,而且对生态环境的改善也起到重要作用[2]。花的特性是桃树观赏性的集中表达,针对其观赏性状的评价研究对优良种质的创制和景观配置的利用具有重要的参考意义。

从现有资料来看,关于观赏桃的研究主要集中于新品种培育[3-5]、遗传多样性分析[6-7]、分子标记及基因功能验证[8-10]、生理生化分析[11-13]、种质资源筛选利用[14-15]等方面,而对于花性状的观赏性评价研究则较少。刘卫东等[16]对20 个观赏桃品种的引种适应性进行了综合评价,指标的选取并未涉及观赏特性。王立如等[17]仅对观赏桃的生长特性和花叶果性状进行了调查,在观赏价值方面并未进行系统评价。王力荣等[18]对30 个桃品种的18 个观赏性状进行了调查分析,全面梳理了不同品种的观赏特性并进行综合描述。对比前人研究,目前对桃种质的观赏性分析中大多未引入系统的评价体系,无法得到量化的数据结果和评价等级。层次分析法(analytical hierarchy process,AHP)作为一种定性与定量结合、系统化、层次化的分析方法,可将复杂问题进行分解,适用于无法完全定量分析解决的难题,是一种将个人主观判断进行定量化客观描述的手段[19]。目前已成功应用于梅花[20]、樱花[21]、凤仙花[22]、木兰[23]、酢浆草[24]等多种植物的观赏性综合评价。迄今为止,针对桃的分析评价多基于花叶果的农艺学性状、生长特性和适应性,而针对花的观赏特性运用层次分析法构建综合评价体系的研究还未见报道,从而影响优质观赏桃品种的推广及应用。

笔者在前期观测统计资源圃桃属植物的41 个DUS测试性状[25]的基础上,运用层次分析法,筛选出11 个与桃种质观赏性密切相关的性状指标。从桃花的观赏特性出发,构建出桃种质的观赏性评价体系,利用该评价体系对资源圃中46份桃种质进行评价,以期筛选出观赏性佳、适应性强的种质资源,为今后观赏桃优良种质的创制及豫中地区桃花景观的规划设计提供科学依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试验材料

试验地位于河南省许昌市鄢陵县林业科学研究所资源圃,北纬34°00′29″,东经114°14′47″,海拔56 m,属亚温带季风性气候,四季分明,年均气温为14.3 ℃,年均无霜期222 d,年均日照时数为2322 h,年均降水量为608.2 mm[26]。最热月为7 月,平均气温为27.3 ℃;最冷月在1 月,平均气温为0.25 ℃。

本研究中选用的46 份桃种质的来源主要分为两类,一类引种于中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,另一类来自鄢陵县林业科学研究所选育的优良杂交后代和长期保存的种质资源,其中开张形30 个,垂枝形5 个,龙柱形6 个,矮化形5 个(表1),立地条件相当、管理模式相同,观察发现46 份种质生长状况良好,适应性强,未发生明显的病虫害。

表1 46 份桃种质名称及来源
Table 1 Names and sources of 46 peach germplasms

注:A.中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所;B.鄢陵县林业科学研究所;C.鄢陵灏旺园林苗圃。
Note: A.Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;B.Yanling Institute of Forestry Science;C.Yanling Haowang Garden Nursery.

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 评价指标的筛选 本试验调查问卷共2 种。问卷一为专家问卷,运用AHP 法从外部整体特征、花质量特征和花数量特征3 个角度入手,请有多年观赏桃栽培经验的专家对41 个DUS 测试指标进行筛选和确定,并对评价指标的重要性采用1~9 标度法[27]进行两两比较。问卷二是收集被调查者(观赏园艺相关从业者、爱好者)依主观感受对各评价指标子选项的意见,采用5 分制构建出桃种质观赏性评价的评分标准,最终根据AHP法得到的指标权重确定种质的综合得分。

问卷一于2023年5月22—29日共发放30份,收回30份且均为有效问卷;问卷二于2023年6月5-30日共发放110份,收回109份,其中有效问卷105份。

1.2.2 观赏性状调查与统计 2023 年2 月中旬至4月底,调查46 份桃种质的树型、花型、花色、花期长度、花径、单枝着花数等观赏性指标,其中花质量性状比对桃花DUS测试指南进行确定;花期长度通过观测不同种质群体的始花期(植株上5%花朵开放)和末花期(植株上75%花瓣变色)进行计算,并通过中国气象数据网查阅鄢陵县2—4月气象数据,结合专家评估得出桃种质的大致需冷量[28];使用游标卡尺测量成熟盛开时垂直方向的花朵直径;单枝着花数即随机选取植株中上部60 cm 长的枝条(矮化型种质选取20 cm),记录枝条上着生的花朵数量。各种质所测数量性状均选取6个较一致样本进行生物学重复后取平均值,减少系统误差。

1.2.3 AHP 模型构建及检验 根据问卷一数据并结合专家意见,构建由目标层(A)、准则层(C)、方案层(P)组成的桃种质观赏性评价体系。准则层是确定评价的性状类别,从桃的主要观赏特性出发,由于先花后叶的生长习性,花器是桃种质的主要观赏部 位,而树型、生长势和香气也是影响观赏价值的重要因素,故将三者划为一类,因此确定3个主要性状为外部整体特征(C1)、花质量特征(C2)、花数量特征(C3);方案层作为细化的二级指标分为11个具体的评价因子(表2)。利用yaahp 软件对判断矩阵的一致性进行检验并计算各指标权重。当一致性比率CR<0.10时,矩阵一致性较高。

表2 桃种质观赏性评价模型
Table 2 A model for evaluating the ornamental value of peach germplasms

2 结果与分析

2.1 各层指标的判断矩阵

通过问卷一中对评价指标的两两比较,构建A~C、C~P共4个判断矩阵,经检验一致性均符合要求(表3)。在准则层(C)中,花数量特征(C3)的权重值最大(0.546 7),其次为花质量特征(0.315 4)和外部整体特征(0.137 9),表明花数量特征是桃种质观赏性评价中最重要的性状。在外部整体特征中,树型所占权重最大(0.429 9),其次为生长势(0.400 8)和香气(0.169 3)。在花质量特征中,花色和花型占主导地位,权重值分别为0.487 7 和0.444 6,而花药颜色仅占比0.067 7。在花数量特征中,按贡献比例大小排序依次为花期长度、单枝着花数、花径、花瓣数和花丝数,其权重值分别为0.357 1、0.274 0、0.231 3、0.102 6和0.034 9。因此,花期长度、单枝着花数、花径、花色、花型是桃种质观赏性评价的关键指标。

表3 A~C、C~P 判断矩阵及一致性检验
Table 3 A-C、C-P matrix and consistency test

注:λmax 为最大特征根,CR 为一致性比率。
Note:λmaxis maximum characteristic root;CR is consistency ratio.

2.2 各指标排名及赋分标准

由图1 可知,花期长度对桃种质的观赏价值影响最大,其权重所占比例达19.52%,这与目前观赏桃种质的花期长度差异较大且大多偏短有关;其次花色、单枝着花数、花型和花径的权重也均处于较高水平,分别为15.38%、14.98%、14.02%和12.65%,位列第2~5名;树型、花瓣数、生长势的权重较为接近,分别为5.93%、5.61%、5.53%;而香气、花药颜色和花丝数则排名靠后,其所占权重分别为2.33%、2.13%和1.91%。

图1 桃种质观赏性评价体系指标权重
Fig.1 Index weight of peach germplasms ornamental evaluation system

将46 份桃种质盛花期时的整体植株、花枝、单花照片制作幻灯片,根据问卷二调查结果,综合专家意见和大众喜好,构建出5 分制的桃种质观赏性评价赋分标准(表4)。在树型中,由于开张型和垂枝型桃花在园林绿化中应用较多,公众和市场认可度较高,因此分值相对较高。在花质量特征中,花型越饱满、花色越艳丽、花药越突显,则分值越高。而在花数量特征中,所有指标均对桃种质的观赏价值呈正向影响,故指标量级越高则分值越高。

表4 11 个指标的赋分标准
Table 4 Scoring criteria for 11 indicators

2.3 桃种质的质量性状、香味程度及需冷量

胡东燕等[29]以花型作为次级分类标准,将观赏桃的花型分为单瓣型、梅花型、月季型、菊花型和牡丹型。由表5可知,在调查的46份桃种质中,依花型出现频次从高到低依次为梅花型、月季型、单瓣型、菊花型和牡丹型,种质数分别为17、16、5、4 和4 份。其中单瓣型的种质为帚形山桃、山桃、毛桃、垂枝甘肃桃、甘肃桃,均为整株保存的原始种质资源,而其余4 种花型的种质大多为培育种或选育种,说明花型的饱满程度能提升桃花的观赏价值,目前牡丹型种质资源较少,仍是今后观赏桃育种工作的重要方向。观赏桃花色繁多,从白到粉,由粉至红,单色转复色,色彩缤纷,其主调以红、粉、白三色为主,同一色系的不同种质间花色深浅略有差别。在46 份种质中,单色花共39 份,复色花7 份,分别为含红、洒红、洒红龙柱、洒红垂枝、鸳鸯垂枝、人面和五宝桃,依复色部位和类型又可分为三类:第一类是洒红、洒红龙柱、洒红垂枝和五宝桃,其植株就单一花朵来说既有单色花也有复色花。第二类是含红、人面,其复色类型为两种单色花,且两种花可在同一花枝共生。第三类是鸳鸯垂枝,其复色类型与第二类相同,但复色部位极为规整,同一花枝的花色相同。从表5 还可以看出,在豫中地区不同桃种质的需冷量差异较大,低至毛桃的100 h,高至红菊花桃和五宝桃的1250 h,需冷量跨度大阈值广,为桃花景观的配置利用提供了巨大空间。需冷量低的早花品种,如鄢红、嫣红早花、嫣碧蕊香等,2月底即进入始花期,可极大弥补晚冬观花的空缺,满足大众对早春赏桃花雪的热烈需求;需冷量高的晚花品种,如满天红、人面、菊花桃等,始花期为3 月末,可作为延长观花期的优良配套品种,在各类园林景观规划设计中,合理运用不同品种的需冷量进行组合搭配,可将桃花观赏期延长至50 d 左右。经调查多数桃种质均无香味,具有淡香的种质共13份,主要包含探春、报春、洒红、迎春及山桃、甘肃桃等原始种,而嫣粉娇香、垂枝甘肃桃、嫣碧花香等5份种质具有较浓烈的芳香味。

表5 46 份桃种质的质量性状、香味程度及需冷量
Table 5 Quality traits and cooling requirements of 46 peach germplasms

2.4 桃种质的数量性状

花的数量性状是影响桃种质观赏价值的关键因素。从表6可以看出,单枝着花数超过40朵的种质有6份,分别为嫣红早花(48.33朵)、鄢红(45.67朵)、垂枝甘肃桃(44.5 朵)、红线菊(43 朵)、满天红(41朵)、山桃(40.67 朵),其中嫣红早花、鄢红和满天红的花径也较大,分别达到了43.06 mm、41.66 mm 和47.1 mm,盛开时花团锦簇,色彩艳丽,整个枝条布满花朵,花量和花径的兼顾性较高,而红线菊虽花径仅有34.89 mm,但花型特殊,同样具有较高的观赏价值。黄金美丽的平均花径最大,为53.41 mm,且花丝数也最多,平均达到89.67 条,导致橘色花药格外醒目,特点突出,别具一格。从花瓣数来看,万重粉明显有别于其他种质,平均高达103.33枚,是普通观赏桃的2~5 倍,且花径大、花型为牡丹型,十分独特,新颖别致。参试材料的花期长度大多在17~20 d,花期超过22 d 的种质有6 份,分别为嫣粉娇香、鄢红、嫣红早花、画春寿星、探春、粉垂菊,其中嫣粉娇香开花持续时间最久,长达28 d,以上种质均可作为弥补桃花花期短的优良种质。

表6 46 份桃种质数量性状观测结果
Table 6 Observations on quantitative traits of 46 peach germplasms

2.5 桃种质综合得分及等级分类

按照2.2 中制定的赋分标准,对46 份桃种质各指标的观测结果进行赋值,参照权重将加权后的各指标分值相加得到桃种质的观赏性综合得分(表7)。根据综合得分,采用欧氏距离进行聚类,将46份桃种质划分为4个等级(图2),其中Ⅰ级(>3.677 1),7份;Ⅱ级(3.216 4~3.677 1),17份;Ⅲ级分值(2.856 0~3.085 9),11份;Ⅳ级分值(<2.856 0),11份。

图2 46 份桃种质Ward 聚类分析
Fig.2 Ward-type clustering of 46 peach germplasms

表7 46 份桃种质观赏性综合评价得分
Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation score of ornamental value of 46 peach germplasms

其中,Ⅰ级的鄢红、嫣红早花、红菊花桃、满天红等7 份种质,均具有花色艳丽、花径大、单枝着花数多、花期较长的特点,说明花色、花径、花期长度、单枝着花数是衡量桃种质观赏性的重要指标,可将其作为观花型桃属植物培育及筛选应用的参考依据。红线菊和粉垂菊在Ⅱ级中脱颖而出,仅此二者的瓣形为单瓣且花径较小,其他种质均为复瓣或重瓣,说明仅凭花径、花瓣数量并不能决定桃种质的观赏价值,相比之下,独特的花型、较长的花期、高单枝着花数显得更为重要。另外,大部分桃属植物的花香很淡甚至没有,而具有较浓花香的探春、嫣粉娇香这2份种质,在香气指标上得分最高,导致综合排名也较高。因此,香气这一指标可作为观花型桃属植物选育的特殊参考因素和研究方向。Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级主要分布在龙柱桃和原始种,其中龙柱桃大多存在花期较短、单枝着花数少的问题,盛开时略显稀疏单薄,因此如何延长花期并增加花量是龙柱桃新品种培育中亟待解决的问题。原始种虽不适合园林应用,但包含了丰富多样的遗传信息,是优良的种质资源,其育种价值远大于观赏价值。

3 讨论

园林植物的观赏性评价方法还有许多,例如模糊评价法、灰色关联法、百分制计分法[30-32]等。在对桃种质进行观赏性评价时,由于样本群体大、评价指标多且关联度高,既有质量性状,又有数量性状,因此,选用AHP 法能实现定性与定量的统一转化,确保评价结果的科学性和有效性。AHP 法的核心内容为层次结构的建立和指标权重的确定,禹霖等[33]在运用AHP 法对18 个观赏桃品种的评价研究中,未建立层级结构并默认各指标因子权重相当,方法缺乏科学性,因此评价结果有失偏颇,参考价值有待商榷。另外,在以往大多数植物评价研究中,对方案层指标的量化打分,多以征询专家意见并结合参考文献的方式制定赋分标准。为针对桃种质制定一套最贴近大众日常审美的评分标准,笔者在本研究中采用幻灯片结合问卷的形式,让受访者根据自身喜好对各指标的子选项进行排序,根据最终排序结果确定分值。该方法最大限度地避免了个人因素的主观性和偶然性,有助于确保评价结果的合理性。

观赏桃作为极具开发价值和应用前景的春花树种,对其观赏价值进行评价是极为重要的基础性工作,可为桃花品种的引种选择、开发利用、杂交亲本筛选及新品种培育等提供重要参考和科学依据。目前,对观赏桃的评价研究多集中于园林应用方面,对矮化型桃的综合评价鲜有报道。如王立如等[17]对来自中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所和江苏农业科学院的18个观赏桃品种,开展了物候期、花叶果性状、生长特性等的观测调查,研究对象均为开张型、垂枝型或龙柱型观赏桃品种,更倾向于城市园林的应用。笔者在本研究中加入了5 份矮化型桃种质,但由于矮化型桃更适于盆栽观赏,与园林应用上的长枝型桃花在观赏方式和观赏价值上存在差异,相比而言矮化型桃更强调对个体的展示,而长枝型观赏桃则以园林观赏价值为基础,侧重群体效果的表达,这也是在综合得分中,半矮化型的画春寿星得分较高,而其余4份矮化型桃得分普遍较低的原因。因此将矮化型桃作为单独一类进行观赏性评价会更加准确合理,在评价指标和评分标准的制定上应更具针对性。另外,笔者在调查观赏桃花色时发现,桃花色彩繁多,红色和粉色由浅及深,各不相同,除单色花外还有复色花,且不同种质的复色类型和复色部位也不尽相同。笔者在本研究中针对花色指标拟定的5级分类标准,仍不足以全面地展示观赏桃花色的多样性,之后对花色还需开展更加细化的分类研究。

在准则层3 个指标中,花数量特征所占权重最大,其次为花质量特征,而外部整体特征所占权重最小,这与戴中武等[34]对独蒜兰属植物观赏性的判断结果相同,并与花器是桃最主要观赏部位的特性相符。从综合得分来看,本试验位列Ⅰ级的桃种质均具有花色艳丽、花径大、花量多、花期较长的特点,这与董钠等[35]的研究结果一致。在各评价指标权重值排序上,对观赏性贡献率最高的为花期长度,其次为花色、单枝着花数、花型、花径、树型、花瓣数、生长势,而排名靠后的是香气、花药颜色和花丝数。由于不同树型的桃种质间差异较大,本研究中的矮化型桃评分较低与实际园林应用中的情况吻合,随后可针对适用于盆栽型的观赏桃品种进行评价筛选,对本文研究结果加以补充。为使筛选出的桃种质能早日投入生产并推广普及,实现科技兴花,仍需深入研究。

4 结论

本研究中,基于AHP法建立的桃种质观赏性评价模型共分为3 个层次,包含了与桃种质观赏性密切相关的11个指标因子,较为系统全面。在11个指标中,花期长度、花色、单枝着花数、花型、花径所占权重较大,是影响桃种质观赏性最重要的因素,可作为观赏桃园林应用选择时的主要依据。

46份桃种质中鄢红、嫣红早花、红菊花桃、满天红、五宝桃、万重粉、画春寿星的观赏价值较高,是园林应用和杂交育种的优良植物材料;而晚白、粉红女孩等观赏价值较低,在豫中地区应减少应用;其他种质观赏性良好,可根据育种目标和应用场景,结合其自身特性加以选择利用。

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Comprehensive evaluation of the ornamental value of 46 peach varieties in the central Henan

QIAO Yuxuan1,SHEN Xiaoxiao1,JIAO Xuehui1,ZHOU Xiaojuan1,YUE Changping2,3*,SHI Xibing1*

(1Zhengzhou Institute of Agricultural and Technology Science,Zhengzhou 450005,Henan,China;2Yanling Institute of Forestry Science,Ningling 461200,Henan,China;3Yanling Donghua Planting FarmersProfessional Cooperative,Ningling 461200,Henan,China)

Abstract: 【Objective】By screening traits closely related to ornamental value of peach germplasm,an ornamental evaluation system was constructed.Using this evaluation system,46 peach varieties in the resource nursery were evaluated,with the aim of selecting varieties with high ornamental value and strong adaptability in central Henan.【Methods】11 ornamental traits of the 46 peach varieties were investigated.The quality traits of flowers were determined by comparing the peach blossom DUS testing guidelines;the length of flowering period was calculated by observing the start and end flowering periods of different variety groups.The approximate chilling requirement of the peach varieties was obtained by consulting the meteorological data of Yanling County from February to April on the China Meteorological Data Network and combining expert evaluations.The diameter of flowers in the vertical direction at full bloom was measured using vernier calipers.The number of flowers per branch was randomly selected from the upper 60 cm of the plant (20 cm for dwarf varieties),and the number of flowers on the branch was recorded.For the quantitative traits measured in various varieties,six consistent samples were selected for biological replicates and the average value was obtained.A questionnaire survey was used to determine the evaluation indicators and scoring criteria.An ornamental evaluation system for peach variety was constructed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process,consisting of a goal layer,a criteria layer,and a scheme layer.The consistency of the judgment matrix was tested using Yaahp software,and the weights of each indicator were calculated.Finally,the comprehensive score of ornamental quality of each peach variety was calculated.【Results】Through pairwise comparisons of evaluation indicators,four judgment matrices were constructed,including A-C and C-P.Their consistency was tested and found to meet the requirements.In the criteria layer,the weight value of the flower quantity feature was the largest.Followed by the flower quality feature and the overall external feature.Among the 11 evaluation indicators in the solution layer,the length of flowering period,flower color,number of flowers per branch,flower shape,and flower diameter all had a large weight value (>12%),which are the important indicators affecting the ornamental value of peach germplasm.In the flower quality feature,the plumper flower shape,the more beautiful flower color,and the more prominent anther,the higher the score.All the flower quality indicators had a positive impact on the ornamental value of peach germplasm.Therefore,the higher the indicator level,the higher the score.There were many flower colors in the 46 peach varieties.The main colors included red,pink and white,with a small numbers of varieties with multicolor flowers.The plant flowering period in central Henan was mostly concentrated from late February to mid-to-late March.Among them,Yanfenjiaoxiang had the longest flowering period of 28 days;while Feitao and Linglongfen had the shortest flowering period of only 15 days.The cold requirement of different peach varieties varied greatly.In the planning and design of garden landscapes,the combination of different varieties of cold requirement could extend the peach ornamental period to about 50 days.Yanhongzaohua had the highest average number of flowers per branch,with an average of 48.33 flowers.When in full bloom,the flowers were clustered together,colorful,and the entire branch was covered with flowers.Huangjinmeili had the largest average flower diameter,reaching 53.41 mm.It also had the highest number of filaments,with an average of 89.67.This led to the orange anther being particularly eye-catching,with distinctive characteristics and a unique style.Wanchongfen had a significantly difference in number of petals from the other varieties,with an average of 103.33,which was 2-5 times that of ordinary ornamental peaches.It also had a large flower diameter and a peony-type flower shape,which was very unique and novel.According to the comprehensive score,the 46 peach varieties were clustered using the Euclid distance.The results were divided into four grades,including 7 at grade Ⅰ,17 at grade Ⅱ,11 at grade Ⅲ,and 11 at grade Ⅳ.【Conclusion】The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the ornamental value of peach germplasm is relatively systematic,comprehensive,accurate and effective.Yanhong,Yanhongzaohua,Hongjuhuatao,Mantianhong,Wubaotao,Wanchongfen,and Huachunshouxing had scores >3.677 1,indicating high ornamental value and strong adaptability.These were excellent plant materials for landscape application and hybrid breeding.While Wanbai and Fenhongnvhai had low ornamental values and should be reduced in the central Henan.The other varieties with good ornamental value can be selected and utilized based on breeding objectives and application scenarios,combined with their own characteristics.

Key words: Peach germplasm;Ornamental character;Comprehensive evaluation;Analytical hierarchy process(AHP)

中图分类号:S662.1

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2024)02-0216-13

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230337

收稿日期:2023-08-29

接受日期:2023-12-12

基金项目:中原学者工作站(ZYGZZ2022073)

作者简介:乔雨轩,男,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事园林植物育种及应用研究。E-mail:294694128@qq.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.E-mail:3511319300@qq.com;E-mail:madary@163.com