宁县黄甘桃果实品质综合评价

张彦山,肖正璐*,顾群英,豆丽萍,何 博

(庆阳市农业科学研究院,甘肃庆阳 745000)

摘 要:【目的】比较分析不同宁县黄甘桃品种(系)果实品质差异,筛选具有代表性的品质指标,建立果实品质评价体系和预测模型,为宁县黄甘桃品质科学评价和优系筛选提供依据。【方法】以17份宁县黄甘桃种质资源和锦绣黄桃(对照)果实为材料,分析测定14项品质指标,运用系统性描述、相关性分析、因子分析对18份材料的品质进行综合评价并排序,通过聚类分析对18份材料的品质进行分类,通过回归分析得到宁县黄甘桃果实品质预测模型和核心指标。【结果】17份宁县黄甘桃果实品质指标变异系数分布在6.53%~98.15%之间,其中色泽指数(CCⅠ)变异系数最大,单宁含量变异系数最小。各品质指标间存在不同程度的相关性。主成分分析提取了6个主成分,累计贡献率达到87.06%,建立了综合评价模型,并依据各品系(种)的综合得分进行优良度排序。应用逐步回归分析建立宁县黄甘桃鲜食品质预测模型,筛选出4项指标可作为宁县黄甘桃品质评价的核心指标。聚类分析将18份试材分为4类。【结论】主成分分析结合回归分析筛选出可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、单宁含量和固酸比可作为宁县黄甘桃的品质评价核心指标,品质预测模型可简化果实品质评价工作;主成分分析结合聚类分析筛选出宁黄1号、宁黄18号和宁黄19号为优良宁县黄甘桃品系,两种方法相结合使评价结果更科学、合理。研究结果将为宁县黄甘桃的地方品种的开发和利用提供依据。

关键词:宁县黄甘桃;果实品质;主成分分析;综合评价

桃(Prunus persica L.)是营养价值、保健价值、药用价值和观赏价值兼有的水果之一[1],也是我国栽培历史悠久、地域分布广泛的果树品种之一,中国是桃的原产地和演化中心,境内分布着丰富的桃属植物,为桃种质资源的相关研究提供了丰富的物质基础。甘肃是我国桃的原产地之一[2],适宜的生态环境,孕育了众多的桃类资源,加之栽培历史悠久,使得甘肃桃地方品种及其变异类型相对较多,如宁县黄甘桃[P. perica(L.)Batsch]、李光桃(P. persica var.nectarina Maxim)等都曾是皇家贡品[3]。桃果实中富含维生素、氨基酸、矿物质等营养成分,同时,含有的酚类物质[4]使其具有一定的保健功能。宁县黄甘桃成熟后果实呈黄绿色,茸毛少,肉厚而皮薄,酸甜适中,深受消费者喜爱。近年来,随着地方特色林果产业的蓬勃发展,宁县黄甘桃种植面积不断扩大,但是品系混杂,果品质量参差不齐,严重制约了该产业的进一步发展。因此,筛选品质优异、成熟期错开的宁县黄甘桃品系已成为实现宁县黄甘桃产业健康与可持续发展的首要问题。

目前,有关地方桃品种的研究主要集中在种质资源遗传多样性[3]、果实风味[5]、分子标记[6]、抗逆性[7]等方面。在桃果实鲜食品质综合评价方面,徐臣善等[8]、范芳娟[9]、张春玲等[10]等使用主成分分析方法(PCA)对设施桃、水蜜桃及桃汁品质进行了综合评价。焦艺[11]研究提出鲜食黄桃品质评价的核心指标。但是,基于宁县黄甘桃果实品质性状开展品系选优方面的研究尚未见报道。笔者在本研究中以17个宁县黄甘桃品系和锦绣黄桃为试材,测定其14项果实品质指标,并利用因子分析对其进行综合评价,为宁县黄甘桃良种选育、适宜区域的规划,及优异种质的挖掘利用提供理论依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试验材料

以17 份宁县黄甘桃种质材料和锦绣黄桃(对照)作为试材(表1),样品均取自庆阳市宁县早胜镇郭铺村宁县黄甘桃种质资源圃,各品系接穗来源见表1。18 份材料树龄12~13 a(年),均已进入盛果期,田间管理水平一般。采样点均属暖温带半湿润气候区,冬季寒冷,夏季不甚炎热,光照充足,昼夜温差大,土壤类型为黑垆土,年平均气温10.2 ℃,平均年降水量527.1 mm,属于典型的半干旱雨养农业区。果样采集选择生长均匀、健壮具有代表性的5株果树,单株重复,每株树从树体外围东、南、西、北4个方位选取大小、成熟度较一致、无明显病虫害的果实各2 个,每个品系(种)共采集40 个果实。每个重复随机选取4 个果实,共选取20 个果实于收获当日运至实验室进行形态指标的测定,剩余20个果实利用冰袋+泡沫箱的方式通过快递寄送到上海极威生物科技有限公司进行可滴定酸、糖组分、类胡萝卜素、维生素C、单宁、花色苷及Zn含量指标的测定。

表1 宁县黄甘桃样品基本信息
Table 1 Information of Ningxian yellow peach samples

材料名称Materials name宁黄1号Ninghuang No.1宁黄2号Ninghuang No.2宁黄3号Ninghuang No.3宁黄4号Ninghuang No.4宁黄5号Ninghuang No.5宁黄6号Ninghuang No.6宁黄7号Ninghuang No.7宁黄8号Ninghuang No.8宁黄10号Ninghuang No.10宁黄11号Ninghuang No.11宁黄14号Ninghuang No.14宁黄15号Ninghuang No.15宁黄16号Ninghuang No.16宁黄18号Ninghuang No.18宁黄19号Ninghuang No.19宁黄24号Ninghuang No.24宁黄32号Ninghuang No.32锦绣Jinxiu来源地Origin宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇龙一村Longyi,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇马坪村Maping,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇龙一村Longyi,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇九龙村Jiulong,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇高山堡村Gaoshanbao,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇龙一村Longyi,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇菩萨庙村Pusamiao,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇九龙村Jiulong,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县南义乡南门村Nanmen,Nanyi,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县南义乡北门村Beimen,Nanyi,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县南义乡吴中村Wuzhong,Nanyi,Ningxian,Gansu,China宁县新宁镇龙一村Longyi,Xinning,Ningxian,Gansu,China上海市农业科学院Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences采样时间Sampling date 8月11日August 11th 8月11日August 11th 8月2日August 2nd 8月8日August 8th 9月8日September 8th 8月11日August 11th 9月17日September 17th 8月22日August 22th 8月8日August 22th 8月3日August 3rd 8月9日August 9th 8月11日August 11th 8月9日August 9th 8月11日August 11th 8月21日August 21th 9月1日September 1st 8月11日August 11th 8月20日August 20th

1.2 果实品质的测定方法

1.2.1 外观品质 单果质量:用数显电子天平测定。果实纵径、横径采用数显游标卡尺测定,果形指数=果实纵径/横径。色泽指数(CCⅠ)采用彩谱CS-210 色差仪沿果实赤道面选取4 个点测定L*a*b*值,根据公式CCⅠ=1000×a*/(L*×b*)计算得到。

1.2.2 内在品质 可溶性固形物含量(total soluble solid,TSS)用日本艾拓便携式糖度计PAL-1测定;果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量按GB 5009.8—2016《食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》进行测定;山梨醇含量的测定按照梁振明[12]提供的方法;可滴定酸含量按GB 12293—1990《水果、蔬菜制品可滴定酸度的测定》进行测定;单宁含量按NY/T 1600—2008《水果蔬菜及其制品中单宁含量的测定-分光光度法》进行测定。类胡萝卜素含量按GB 5009.83—2016《食品中胡萝卜素的测定》进行测定;维生素C含量按GB/T 5009.86—2003《蔬菜、水果及其制品中总抗坏血酸的测定》进行测定;花色苷含量的测定采用pH示差法,采用张聪等[13]的方法。Zn元素含量按照GB/T 35871—2018《粮油检验谷物及其制品中钙、钾、镁、钠、铁、磷、锌、铜、锰、硼、钡、钼、钴、铬、锂、锶、镍、硫、钒、硒、铷含量的的测定》进行测定;每个指标3次重复。可溶性糖含量=(蔗糖+果糖+葡萄糖+山梨醇)/10,糖酸比=总糖含量/可滴定酸含量,固酸比=可溶性固形物含量/可滴定酸含量。参照李娅楠等[14]对甜度值的计算方法,甜度值=果糖含量×1.75+蔗糖含量×1+葡萄糖含量×0.75+山梨醇含量×0.40。

1.3 数据处理与分析

利用Excel 对数据进行预处理,利用Spss 26.0统计软件进行变异分析、因子分析、聚类分析和多元回归分析。

数据标准化方法[15]:为消除量纲和数量级对果实品质评价的影响,利用公式(1)和(2)将果实品质数据进行标准化处理。

式中,X1:各指标的初始化值;X:各指标实测值;X0:理想指标值。X2:各指标标准化后的值;X1max为各指标初始化值的最大值。

2 结果与分析

2.1 宁县黄甘桃种质资源果实品质性状分析及差异分析

17份供试材料的主要果实品质性状如表2所示。

表2 宁县黄甘桃果实品质性状
Table 2 Fruit quality traits of Ningxian yellow-flesh peach

注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。
Note:Different small letters in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.The same below.

w(Zn)/(µg∙g-1)1.022 m 4.180 a 1.798 h 2.815 c 2.379 f 2.067 g 2.535 e 1.699 i 2.018 g 1.240 l 3.428 b 1.351 k 2.621 d 1.607 j 1.858 h 0.781 n 0.692 o 1.568 j苷)色w(花Anthocyanin content/(µg∙g-1)4850 c 4230 d 4480 d 4850 c 4360 d 4490 d 4260 d 3960 e 5200 ab 4870 c 5000 bc 5300 a 4870 c 4780 c 3890 e 4990 bc 4240 d 4490 d C)素生w(维Vitamin C content/(µg∙g-1)13 680.00 fg 12 400.00 g 15 510.00 defg 16 260.00 cdef 18 910.00 abcd 13 600.00 fg 17 210.00 cde 15 000.00 efg 20 640.00 ab 17 210.00 cde 13 540.00 fg 19 010.00 abcd 16 990.00 cde 20 910.00 ab 21 450.00 a 17 810.00 bcde 21 470.00 a 19 640.00 abc素)卜萝胡w(类Carotenoid content/(µg∙g-1)19.91 fg 20.83 fg 34.16 bc 7.69 h 36.86 ab 16.48 g 41.79 a 17.01g 29.36 cde 37.97 ab 28.48 cde 29.22 cde 31.63 bcd 15.46 g 24.74 def 22.38 efg 34.36 bc 24.98 def宁)w(单Tannin content/(µg∙g-1)896.90 defg 934.46 bcd 957.13 abc 888.86 defg 912.8 cdef 915.53 cdef 856.4 fghi 929.13 bcde 813.00 hij 962.83 abc 797.90 j 862.00 fghi 824.40 hij 899.93 defg 991.70 a 979.96 ab 841.4 ghij 873.23 efgh糖Sugar acid比酸ratio/%17.14 cde 16.88 cde 18.74 cde 20.08bc 19.15 cd 17.51 cde 16.71 cde 15.51 ef 16.74 cde 17.36 cde 20.19 bc 13.37 f 16.82 cde 23.14 a 22.47 ab 17.98 cde 15.67 def 18.94 cde固Solid acid比酸ratio/%24.91 cde 24.05 de 28.21 bcd 31.50 ab 22.06 de 23.77 cde 23.22 cde 22.44 de 25.95 cde 26.28 bcde 26.52 bcd 20.12 e 26.65 bcd 33.93 a 29.21 bc 22.77 de 24.18 cde 25.24cde性溶w(可糖)总Soluble sugar content/%9.124 bc 9.589 a 8.712 cdef 7.389 i 8.303 fg 8.618 def 8.762 cdef 7.742 hi 7.671 hi 7.649 hi 9.015 bcd 7.993 gh 7.622 hi 8.922 bcde 9.239 ab 8.494 ef 7.261 i 9.275ab定滴w(可酸)Titratable acidity/%0.53 b 0.53 bc 0.47 cde 0.37 f 0.44 de 0.50 bcd 0.53 bc 0.50 bcd 0.46 de 0.44 de 0.45 de 0.60 a 0.45 de 0.39 f 0.41 ef 0.47 bcde 0.46 cde 0.49 bcd甜Sweetness值度value 102.51 bc 108.26 a 97.39 def 82.85 hi 93.41 fg 96.81 def 96.92 def 84.82 h 84.50 h 85.02 h 97.95 cdef 90.66 g 84.41 h 99.68 cde 101.48 bcd 94.78 efg 79.31 i 105.06 ab性溶物)w(可形固Soluble solids content/%13.10 a 12.82 a 13.04 a 11.70 ab 9.69 c 11.75 ab 12.26 ab 11.19 ab 11.89 ab 11.60 ab 11.81 ab 12.04 ab 12.15 ab 13.01 a 11.95 ab 10.75 bc 11.37 ab 13.03 a数色CCⅠ6.30 c指泽4.56 c 2.58 cd 5.75 c 19.97 a 0.85 cd-2.92 d 1.21 cd 4.43 c 11.63 b 4.48 c 5.69 c 7.07 c 5.12 c 12.04 b 2.79 cd 0.31 cd 0.67 cd数指果Fruit形shape index 0.92 a 1.19 a 0.96 a 0.97 a 0.98 a 0.99 a 0.91 a 0.96 a 0.91 a 1.00 a 0.89 a 0.97 a 0.91 a 0.96 a 0.93 a 0.97 a 0.88 a 0.95 a单Single fruit量质果mass/g 254.68 a 69.80 f 171.85 cde 155.02 de 118.36 e 116.48 e 187.90 bcd 189.56 bcd 155.42 e 150.41de 208.0 bcd 178.43 cde 219.18 abc 167.47 cde 151.4 de 172.46 cde 175.51 cde 235.95 ab材Materials name称名1号2号3号4号5号6号7号8号10号11号14号15号16号18号19号24号32号Jinxiu料宁Ninghuang No.1黄宁Ninghuang No.2黄宁Ninghuang No.3黄宁Ninghuang No.4黄宁Ninghuang No.5黄宁Ninghuang No.6黄宁Ninghuang No.7黄宁Ninghuang No.8黄宁Ninghuang No.10黄宁Ninghuang No.11黄宁Ninghuang No.14黄宁Ninghuang No.15黄宁Ninghuang No.16黄宁Ninghuang No.18黄宁Ninghuang No.19黄宁Ninghuang No.24黄宁Ninghuang No.32黄绣锦

果实的外观品质方面,宁黄1 号的单果质量显著大于其他材料,最小的是宁黄2号,仅达到69.80 g;果形指数分布在0.88~1.19之间,各品系(种)间无显著差异;在果实着色方面,各品系(种)间存在显著差异,宁黄7号果实CCⅠ值为负值(-2.92),显著低于其他材料,宁黄5 号的CCⅠ值(19.97)显著高于其他材料;对照锦绣的单果质量仅次于宁黄1号,果形指数较高为0.95,CCⅠ值略高于宁黄7号。

不同材料的果实风味品质也存在显著差异。宁黄1号、宁黄2号、宁黄3号和宁黄18号的可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他试材,与锦绣较为接近,宁黄5 号最低,仅为9.69%。宁黄2 号的甜度值达到108.26,显著高于其他材料,宁黄32 号最低,仅为79.31,且显著低于其他试材。宁黄15号的可滴定酸含量最高(0.60%),显著高于其他试材,且甜度值处于低水平,说明该材料风味偏酸。宁黄2 号的可溶性总糖含量最高,显著高于其他材料,宁黄32 号显著低于其他试材,仅为7.261%。固酸比和糖酸比均是宁黄18号显著高于其他材料,宁黄15号显著低于其他材料。宁黄19 号的单宁含量显著高于其他材料,宁黄14号最低,为797.90µg∙g-1。对照锦绣的可溶性固形物含量、甜度值和可溶性总糖含量均处在高水平,可滴定酸含量、固酸比和糖酸比均处在中等水平,单宁含量处于低水平,充分说明锦绣酸甜可口,涩味淡,品质优异。

不同材料的果实营养品质也存在显著差异。宁黄7 号的类胡萝卜素含量显著高于其他材料,达到41.79 µg ∙g-1;宁黄15 号的花色苷含量最高,达到5300µg∙g-1,显著高于其他材料;宁黄2号的Zn含量显著高于其他材料。对照锦绣的在营养品质方面表现不突出。

2.2 宁县黄甘桃种质资源果实品质指标变异分析

供试的17 份宁县黄甘桃材料各品质指标的变异系数存在差异。由表3 可知,变异系数分布在6.53%~98.15%之间,果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量、甜度值、花色苷含量和单宁含量的变异系数均较小,在10%以下;可滴定酸含量、固酸比、糖酸比和维生素C 含量相对较高,在20%以下;单果质量和类胡萝卜素含量的变异系数分布在30%左右;色泽指数和Zn 含量的变异系数较大,分别为98.15%、46.00%,可作为重要指标予以关注。

表3 17 份宁县黄甘桃种质资源果实品质指标变异情况
Table 3 Variations of quality indexes of 17 Ningxian yellow-fiesh peach germplasm resources

品质指标Quality index单果质量Single fruit mass/g果形指数Fruit shape index色泽指数CCⅠw(可溶性固形物)Soluble solids content/%甜度值Sweetness value w(可滴定酸)Titratable acidity content/%w(可溶性总糖)Soluble sugar content/%固酸比Solid acid ration/%糖酸比Sugar acid ration/%w(类胡萝卜素)Carotenoid content/(µg∙g-1)w(维生素C)Vitamin C content/(µg∙g-1)w(单宁)Tannin content/(µg∙g-1)w(花色苷)Anthocyanin content/(µg∙g-1)w(Zn)/(µg∙g-1)对照(锦绣黄桃)Control(Jinxiu Huangtao)235.95最小值Min value 69.80最大值Max value 254.68均值Mean value 167.17标准差SD 42.17变异系数CV/%25.23 0.95 0.88 1.19 0.96 0.07 7.29 0.67 13.03-2.92 9.69 19.97 13.10 5.40 11.88 5.30 0.87 98.15 7.32 105.06 79.31 108.26 92.98 8.25 8.87 0.49 0.37 0.60 0.47 0.06 12.77 9.27 7.26 9.58 8.35 0.71 8.50 25.24 20.12 33.93 25.63 3.54 13.81 18.94 13.37 23.14 17.97 2.47 13.75 24.98 7.69 41.79 26.37 9.35 35.46 19 640.00 12 400.00 21 476.66 17 295.55 3 066.86 17.73 873.23 797.90 991.70 897.90 58.63 6.53 4 490.00 3 898.33 5 300.00 4 624.70 420.92 9.10 1.56 0.69 4.18 2.00 0.92 46.00

2.3 果实品质指标间相关性分析

由表4可知,色泽指数、类胡萝卜素含量和花色苷含量与其他指标有一定的相关性,但均未达到显著水平,表明其相对较为独立,受其他指标因素影响较小;果形指数与单果质量呈极显著的负相关,与单宁呈显著正相关;可溶固形物含量与甜度值和可溶性总糖间呈显著正相关,充分说明可溶性固形物含量指标与果实含糖量指标间有一定的相关性,但并不完全等于糖的含量。甜度值与可溶性总糖含量间呈极显著正相关,这是由于甜度值是不同可溶性糖组分甜度值的和。可滴定酸含量与糖酸比和固酸比呈极显著负相关。维生素C 含量与Zn 含量呈显著负相关,说明果肉中维生素C 含量的变化可能受到Zn 含量水平的影响,两者维持在一个合理的范围内。果实品质指标间的相关性表明,14项指标间存在不同程度的相关性,说明多个指标间存在信息重叠现象,有必要简化评价指标。

表4 品质指标间相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis among quality indicators

注:*和**分别表示在0.05 和0.01 水平显著相关。
Note:*and**indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 level,respectively.

品质指标Quality index果形指数Fruit shape index色泽指数CCⅠ可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content甜度值Sweetness value可滴定酸含量Titratable acidity可溶性总糖含量Soluble sugar content固酸比Solid acid ration糖酸比Sugar acid ration类胡萝卜素Carotenoid维生素C Vitamin C单宁Tannin花色苷Anthocyanin果形指数Fruit shape index色泽指数CCⅠ可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content甜度值Sweetness value可滴定酸含量Titratable acidity可溶性总糖含量Soluble sugar content固酸比Solid acid ration糖酸比Sugar acid ration类胡萝卜素含量Carotenoid content维生素C含量Vitamin C content单宁含量Tannin content花色苷含量Anthocyanin content Zn含量Zn content单果质量Single fruit mass-0.707**-0.283 0.315 0.140 0.096-0.443-0.050 0.398-0.033 0.498*0.144 0.185-0.357 0.198 0.226-0.025 0.333-0.051 0.485*0.991**0.186 0.033-0.116 0.086 0.409 0.052-0.790**0.078-0.070-0.069 0.309 0.124 0.384-0.784**0.423 0.792**0.070-0.264 0.153-0.183-0.150 0.220-0.125-0.374-0.296 0.076-0.424 0.187-0.171-0.279-0.304-0.274 0.191 0.203 0.257-0.387 0.475*0.274-0.102 0.294-0.119 0.271 0.064 0.259-0.186-0.067 0.256-0.174 0.041 0.074-0.218 0.078-0.256 0.043-0.161-0.027 0.006-0.411-0.118-0.405 0.446 0.073 0.098 0.275-0.097 0.292 0.123 0.170-0.093-0.496*-0.238

2.4 果实品质指标的主成分分析

对18 份材料的果实品质指标进行主成分分析(表5),提取了6 个主成分,累积贡献率达到87.06%,表明这6 个主成分能够代表14 项指标的绝大部分信息。其中,第1 主成分包含原始信息量的20.41%,其主要由可滴定酸含量、固酸比和糖酸比决定,这些指标反映果实的酸甜风味,可称为果实风味决定因子;第2 主成分包含原始信息量的17.88%,主要由甜度值和可溶性总糖含量决定,主要反映果实的糖含量情况,称为果实糖分决定因子;第3 主成分包含原始信息量的14.22%,主要由CCⅠ和可溶性固形物含量决定,主要反映果实的着色和营养成分总量,称为果实外观质量和营养成分决定因子;第4 主成分包含原始信息量的12.16%,主要由Zn 含量和维生素C 含量决定,反映果实的矿质营养和抗氧化能力,称为矿质营养和抗氧化能力决定因子。第5 主成分包含原始信息量的12.14%,主要由果形指数和单宁含量决定,主要反映果实的果形及涩味,称为果形及涩味决定因子。第6 主成分包含原始信息量的10.23%,主要由花色苷含量决定,反映果实清除自由基的能力,称为自由基清除能力决定因子。

表5 各主成分的特征值和贡献率
Table 5 Eigenvalus and contribution rates of principle components

品质指标Quality index单果质量Single fruit mass果形指数Fruit shape index色泽指数CCⅠ可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content甜度值Sweetness value可滴定酸含量Titratable acidity content可溶性总糖含量Soluble sugar content固酸比Solid acid ration糖酸比Sugar acid ration类胡萝卜素含量Carotenoid content维生素C含量Vitamin C content单宁含量Tannin content花色苷含量Anthocyanin content Zn含量Zn content特征值Eigenvalues贡献率Rate of variance/%累积方差贡献率Rate of commulative variance/%主成分1 PC1-0.067 0.077-0.230 0.120 0.020 0.921 0.051 0.939 0.891-0.364 0.294-0.089-0.023 0.162 2.858 20.410 20.419主成分2 PC2 0.082-0.296-0.082 0.332 0.972-0.240 0.968 0.049 0.371-0.013-0.237-0.309-0.168 0.183 2.504 17.880 38.290主成分3 PC3 0.369-0.239 0.848 0.712 0.072-0.168 0.062 0.229-0.122-0.597-0.302 0.069 0.017-0.117 1.991 14.220 52.510主成分4 PC4 0.585 0.098 0.080 0.018-0.127-0.009-0.111 0.026 0.022 0.356 0.733 0.024-0.003-0.807 1.704 12.160 64.690主成分5 PC5 0.186-0.809 0.175 0.197 0.011-0.060 0.052 0.014-0.096 0.342 0.102 0.756-0.028 0.476 1.700 12.140 76.830主成分6 PC6 0.456 0.240-0.077 0.245-0.094-0.094-0.120 0.091-0.073 0.022-0.143 0.448 0.912-0.044 1.433 10.230 87.060

2.5 宁县黄甘桃种质资源果实品质的综合评价

利用主成分分析结果构建宁县黄甘桃种质资源的果实品质综合评价模型。通过表6中每个品质指标的因子载荷值除以特征值的平方根,来计算该指标所对应的特征向量(或系数),以特征向量为权重得到6个主成分的得分公式:

表6 18 份材料果实品质的各主成分得分和综合评价
Table 6 Principal component scores and comprehensive evaluation of 18 yellow-flesh peach

材料名称Materials name宁黄1号Ninghuang No.1宁黄2号Ninghuang No.2宁黄3号Ninghuang No.3宁黄4号Ninghuang No.4宁黄5号Ninghuang No.5宁黄6号Ninghuang No.6宁黄7号Ninghuang No.7宁黄8号Ninghuang No.8宁黄10号Ninghuang No.10宁黄11号Ninghuang No.11宁黄14号Ninghuang No.14宁黄15号Ninghuang No.15宁黄16号Ninghuang No.16宁黄18号Ninghuang No.18宁黄19号Ninghuang No.19宁黄24号Ninghuang No.24宁黄32号Ninghuang No.32锦绣Jinxiu F1 0.48 0.53 0.83 1.44 0.79 0.57 0.34 0.38 0.70 0.77 0.85-0.06 0.70 1.70 1.43 0.61 0.47 0.73 F2 0.97 1.45 0.75-0.01 0.28 0.55 0.65 0.09-0.16 0.01 0.75 0.08 0.01 0.75 0.97 0.40-0.34 1.02 F3 0.98 0.77 0.63 0.69-0.70 0.60 0.44 0.63 0.32 0.03 0.57 0.43 0.47 0.65 0.04 0.38 0.40 0.90 F4 0.54-0.62 0.49 0.20 0.43 0.06 0.54 0.45 0.74 0.73 0.08 0.79 0.58 0.69 0.64 0.72 1.15 0.79 F5 0.43 0.89 0.23 0.26 0.11 0.04 0.86 0.15 0.78-0.04 0.97 0.43 0.85 0.22 0.06-0.14 0.74 0.85 F6 1.19 0.20 0.72 1.03 0.42 0.64 0.71 0.50 1.22 0.94 1.20 1.37 1.25 0.87 0.04 0.81 0.69 0.78 F 排名Ranking 0.48 0.53 0.83 1.44 0.79 0.57 0.34 0.38 0.70 0.77 0.85-0.06 0.70 1.70 1.43 0.61 0.47 0.73 3867 18 14 10 17 11 16 4 15 915 12 13 2

F1=-0.04×ZX1+0.05×ZX2-0.14×ZX3+0.07×ZX4+0.01×ZX5+0.54×ZX6+0.03×ZX7+0.56×ZX8+0.53×ZX9-0.22×ZX10+0.17×ZX11-0.05×ZX12-0.01×ZX13+0.10×ZX14

F2=0.05×ZX1-0.19×ZX2-0.05×ZX3+0.21×ZX4+0.61×ZX5-0.15×ZX6+0.61×ZX7+0.03×ZX8+0.23×ZX9-0.01×ZX10-0.15×ZX11-0.20×ZX12-0.11×ZX13+0.12×ZX14;

F3=0.26×ZX1-0.17×ZX2+0.60×ZX3+0.50×ZX4-0.05×ZX5-0.12×ZX6+0.04×ZX7+0.16×ZX8-0.09×ZX9-0.42×ZX10-0.21×ZX11+0.05×ZX12+0.01×ZX13-0.08×ZX14

F4=0.45×ZX1+0.08×ZX2+0.06×ZX3+0.01×ZX4-0.10×ZX5-0.01×ZX6-0.09×ZX7+0.02×ZX8+0.02×ZX9+0.27×ZX10+0.56×ZX11+0.02×ZX12+0.00×ZX13-0.62×ZX14

F5=0.14×ZX1-0.62×ZX2+0.13×ZX3+0.15×ZX4+0.01×ZX5-0.05×ZX6+0.04×ZX7+0.01×ZX8-0.07×ZX9+0.26×ZX10+0.08×ZX11+0.58×ZX12-0.02×ZX13+0.37×ZX14

F6=0.38×ZX1+0.20×ZX2-0.06×ZX3+0.20×ZX4-0.08×ZX5-0.08×ZX6-0.10×ZX7+0.08×ZX8-0.06×ZX9+0.02×ZX10-0.12×ZX11+0.37×ZX12+0.76×ZX13-0.04×ZX14

上式中F1F6表示不同材料在6 个主成分上的得分值,ZX1~ZX14表示单果质量、果形指数等14 项指标的标准化值。

以主成分对应的方差贡献率为权重,主成分的得分与相应权重乘积的和建立果实品质综合评价(F)模型:

F=0.234×F1+0.205×F2+0.163×F3+0.140×F4+0.139×F5+0.118×F6

利用该模型计算得到每份材料的综合评价值,并根据综合评价值从高到低进行排序,综合评价值的高低反映了该材料综合品质的优劣。

宁黄18 号、锦绣、宁黄1 号、宁黄14 号、宁黄19号和宁黄3 号综合得分较高,其中宁黄18 号的综合得分高于对照锦绣,这份宁县黄甘桃种质资源可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量、固酸比和糖酸比值均较高,单宁含量和可滴定酸含量低,果实品质综合表现较好;宁黄4号、宁黄2号、宁黄16号、宁黄7号、宁黄10号、宁黄24号、宁黄32号和宁黄6号的综合评价值居中,这些宁县黄甘桃种质资源的果实品质综合表现中等;宁黄15号、宁黄11号、宁黄8号和宁黄5 号的综合评价值较低,这些种质资源的综合表现较差。

2.6 聚类分析

将标准化的果实品质指标进行系统聚类分析。结果如图1 所示:当欧式距离为20 时,可将18 份材料分为4类。第一类9份资源,包括宁黄10号、宁黄16号、宁黄32号、宁黄15号、宁黄6号、宁黄8号、宁黄24 号、宁黄11 号和宁黄4 号,这类材料的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量等指标处于偏下或中等的水平。第二类仅包括宁黄5 号,该材料果皮着红黄色,肉质细腻,风味偏酸,适宜加工成罐头、果脯等产品。第三类2份资源,包括宁黄18号和宁黄19号,该类种质资源可溶性固形物含量、甜度值、可溶性总糖含量总体较高,可滴定酸含量低,具有良好的风味,品质优,适宜鲜食;第四类包括7份资源,分别是宁黄3号,宁黄7号、宁黄1号、锦绣、宁黄14号和宁黄2 号,该类种质资源可溶性固形物含量、甜度值、可溶性总糖含量总体也较高,果实的可滴定酸含量显著高于第三类材料,风味酸甜,品质优,适宜鲜食;其中宁黄2 号和宁黄7 号分别由于单果质量小、果皮着色不良,影响了综合评价值。

图1 不同品系(种)的聚类分析
Fig.1 Cluster analysis of different varieties(lines)

结合主成分分析可知,第三类材料中的宁黄18号和宁黄19号品质优异,且宁黄18号为中早熟品系(8月11日),宁黄19号为中晚熟品系(8月21日),熟期错开,具有较好的推广应用前景。同时,第四类中的宁黄1 号品质也较好,果个大,增产潜力大,也可作为备选中早熟品种加以利用。

2.7 回归分析及综合评价指标筛选

利用13项品质指标和F值,构建最优回归方程为Y=-0.136+0.592×Z 可溶性固形物含量+0.719×Z糖酸比+0.203×Z单宁含量-0.339×Z固酸比,方程决定系数R2为0.937,表明4个自变量可决定F值总变异的93.70%,F 值为48.307,方差极显著。由图2 可知,构建的多元回归预测模型与综合评价值的绝对误差<0.09,预测方程具有较高的准确性。

图2 综合评价值(F)与预测值(Y)的误差
Fig.2 The error of conprehensive value(F)and predictive(Y)of different varieties(lines)

3 讨 论

3.1 桃地方品种的挖掘与利用

桃地方品种是在长期的自然和人工的选择中保留下来的,他们蕴藏了较为丰富的遗传多样性。多年来,地方品种的受重视程度远低于育成品种,系统深入的研究相对较少,导致地方品种的利用效率不高。地方品种虽然在产量、外观、贮藏性[16]等性状上与育成品种相比存在一定的差距,但地方品种在风味、营养品质等方面有很大的育种价值待挖掘。近年来,随着桃育种目标向拓展遗传背景的方向转变[17],开展地方品种的评价和创新利用是拓展中国桃育种遗传背景的重要途径。甘肃丰富的生态类型,孕育了丰富的桃类资源,加之栽培历史悠久,使得甘肃桃地方品种及其变异类型相对丰富,如宁县黄甘桃、李光桃、白凤桃等。笔者在本研究中对17份宁县黄甘桃材料进行果实品质综合评价,发现宁黄18号的综合评价值高于对照品种锦绣,具有较好的应用前景。宁黄2号风味优异、果肉Zn含量是平均值的2.1倍,具有育种价值。宁黄5号果实肉色金黄、肉质细腻,适合开发加工类产品。

3.2 桃鲜食品质综合评价和指标筛选

国内外对桃鲜食品质综合评价的相关研究已有报道,张海英等[18]应用多元统计方法,将品质评价指标由10个简化为单果质量、硬度、水分含量、固酸比和风味5 个具有代表性的指标。范芳娟[9]以水蜜桃果实品质指标水平库为基础,制定评分标准,应用层次分析法计算指标权重,建立了水蜜桃果实品质综合评价体系,实现了对浙江奉化水蜜桃研究所20个水蜜桃品种(系)的品质综合评价。以上评价主要针对的是品种间的评价与筛选,不适用于地方品种内部,特别是优异性状的精细挖掘和评价。

借助多元统计分析方法来开展多指标的综合评价是研究复杂性问题的常用方法,在水果研究中应用广泛。笔者在本研究中运用相关分析、多元回归分析、聚类分析和因子分析对17份宁县黄甘桃材料的果实鲜食品质进行综合评价,以14项指标为自变量进行逐步回归分析,建立宁县黄甘桃鲜食品质预测模型:Y=-0.136+0.592×Z 可溶性固形物含量+0.719×Z糖酸比+0.203×Z单宁含量-0.339×Z固酸比(R2=0.937),拟合度较好,筛选到可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、单宁含量和固酸比4 个简化指标,适用于品质的快速评价。

3.3 宁县黄甘桃鲜食品质分类及遗传改良

通过聚类分析将18 份材料分为6 类,其中第三类和第四类鲜食品质较好,品系(种)有8个,占供试材料的44.44%。鲜食品质表现一般的类中有9个品系,占供试材料的50.00%,总体表现为可溶性固形物含量处于中等水平,低甜度值和低可溶性总糖含量。第二类1 份资源,即宁黄5 号,该材料果肉着色均一,可溶性总糖含量和甜度值处于中等水平,可滴定酸含量较低,需进一步改良以期培育成适宜加工的品种。第四类材料中,宁黄2 号的可溶性总糖含量、甜度值和果实Zn 含量均最高,但单果质量最小,可以选作育种亲本。

4 结 论

通过回归分析建立宁县黄甘桃鲜食品质预测模型,筛选出可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、单宁含量和固酸比可作为宁县黄甘桃的品质评价核心指标;同时,建立的品质预测模型可用来快速预测果实品质,简化了宁县黄甘桃果实品质评价工作;主成分分析结合聚类分析筛选出宁黄1号、宁黄18号和宁黄19号为优良宁县黄甘桃品系,两种方法相结合使评价结果更科学合理。

参考文献References:

[1] 李绍华.桃树学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:217-316.LⅠShaohua.Peach tree science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2013:217-316.

[2] 陈绪中,程中平,张忠慧,王圣梅,黄宏文.甘肃地区野生桃种质资源与开发利用[J].中国野生植物资源,2005,24(5):37-38.CHEN Xuzhong,CHENG Zhongping,ZHANG Zhonghui,WANG Shengmei,HUANG Hongwen.Germplasm resource of wild peach in Gansu and its exploitation and utilization[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2005,24(5):37-38.

[3] 陈建军,王玉安,欧巧明,王鸿,赵秀梅,王发林.甘肃地方桃种质资源的遗传多样性[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(7):149-155.CHEN Jianjun,WANG Yuan,OU Qiaoming,WANG Hong,ZHAO Xiumei,WANG Falin.Genetic diversity of Gansu local peach germplasm[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(7):149-155.

[4] 熊孝涛.四个桃品种果实营养成分及抗氧化活性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2021.XⅠONG Xiaotao.The study on nutrient composition and antioxidant activity of four peach varieties[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2021.

[5] 靳志飞,杨家全,陈红,安华明.八个贵州地方桃品种果实甜酸风味品质分析[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(1):90-97.JⅠN Zhifei,YANG Jiaquan,CHEN Hong,AN Huaming.Analysis of sweet and sour flavor in eight local peach cultivars from Guizhou and evaluation of their flavor quality[J].Plant Science Journal,2015,33(1):90-97.

[6] 刘伟,李淼,李桂祥,董晓民,高晓兰,张安宁.应用SSR 荧光标记法构建山东地方桃种质资源分子身份证[J].山东农业科学,2022,54(2):6-13.LⅠU Wei,LⅠ Miao,LⅠ Guixiang,DONG Xiaomin,GAO Xiaolan,ZHANG Anning.Using fluorescent labeled SSR markers to establish molecular ⅠD of peach germplasm resources from Shandong Province[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2022,54(2):6-13.

[7] 牛茹萱.甘肃地方桃资源抗寒性评价及其对低温胁迫的响应机制[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2020.NⅠU Ruxuan.Evaluation of cold resistance of Gansu local peach resources and its response mechanism to low temperature stress[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2020.

[8] 徐臣善,高东升.基于主成分分析的设施桃果实品质综合评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(23):84-88.XU Chenshan,GAO Dongsheng.Comprehensive evaluation on fruit quality of peach cultivars in greenhouse based on principal component analysis[J].Science and Technology of Food Ⅰndustry,2014,35(23):84-88.

[9] 范芳娟.水蜜桃果实品质综合评价体系及数据库的建立与应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.FAN Fangjuan.Establishment and application of melting peach fruit ouality comprehensive evaluation system and database[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014.

[10] 张春岭,刘慧,刘杰超,吕真真,杨文博,王力荣,焦中高.基于主成分分析与聚类分析的中、早熟桃品种制汁品质评价[J].食品科学,2019,40(17):141-149.ZHANG Chunling,LⅠU Hui,LⅠU Jiechao,LÜ Zhenzhen,YANG Wenbo,WANG Lirong,JⅠAO Zhonggao.Evaluation of juice quality of mid-early ripening peach varieties based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis[J].Food Science,2019,40(17):141-149.

[11] 焦艺.不同桃品种鲜食和制汁品质评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.JⅠAO Yi.Research on the quality evaluation method for fresh and juice of different peach cultivars[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014.

[12] 梁振明.分光光度法测定山梨醇含量[J].中国食品添加剂,2007(1):184-185.LⅠANG Zhenming.Determination of sorbitol content by spectrophotometry[J].China Food Additives,2007(1):184-185.

[13] 张聪,张彦龙,白龙林,赵丹丹.响应面优化超声波辅助提取蓝靛果花色苷及抗炎活性研究[J].生物技术,2020,30(5):473-480.ZHANG Cong,ZHANG Yanlong,BAⅠLonglin,ZHAO Dandan.Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from Lonicera edulis by response surface methodology and antiinflammatory activity studies[J].Biotechnology,2020,30(5):473-480.

[14] 李娅楠,闫雷玉,张波,杨舜博,赵政阳.不同苹果品种果实糖酸组分特征研究[J].果树学报,2021,38(11):1877-1889.LⅠYanan,YAN Leiyu,ZHANG Bo,YANG Shunbo,ZHAO Zhengyang.A study on sugar and organic acid components in different apple cultivars[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2021,38(11):1877-1889.

[15] 陈志敏,陈晓林,谭振华,陈兆星,谌丹丹,马岩岩,郑永强,易时来,吕强,谢让金.不同产区纽荷尔脐橙橘园果实综合品质评价与适宜区域筛选[J].中国农业科学,2023,56(10):1949-1965.CHEN Zhimin,CHEN Xiaolin,TAN Zhenhua,CHEN Zhaoxing,CHEN Dandan,MA Yanyan,ZHENG Yongqiang,YⅠShilai,LÜ Qiang,XⅠE Rangjin.Comprehensive fruit quality evaluation and suitable areas selection of Newhall navel orange in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2023,56(10):1949-1965.

[16] 周慧娟,叶正文,冯子耀,苏明申,杜纪红,张夏南,李雄伟,张明昊,胡洋.基于聚类和主成分分析的不同可溶性固形物含量桃的耐贮性和风味差异性比较[J].果树学报,2022,39(11):2149-2162.ZHOU Huijuan,YE Zhengwen,FENG Ziyao,SU Mingshen,DU Jihong,ZHANG Xianan,LⅠXiongwei,ZHANG Minghao,HU Yang.Comparison of storability and flavor among peach fruits with different soluble solids contents based on clustering and principal component analysis[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2022,39(11):2149-2162.

[17] 王力荣.中国桃品种改良历史回顾与展望[J].果树学报,2021,38(12):2178-2195.WANG Lirong.History and prospect of peach breeding in China[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2021,38(12):2178-2195.

[18] 张海英,韩涛,王有年,李丽萍.桃果实品质评价因子的选择[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):235-239.ZHANG Haiying,HAN Tao,WANG Younian,LⅠLiping.Selection of factors for evaluating peach (Prunus persica) fruit quality[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(8):235-239.

Comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of yellow-flesh peaches in Ningxian

ZHANG Yanshan,XⅠAO Zhenglu*,GU Qunying,DOU Liping,HE Bo

(Qingyang Agricultural Science Research Institute,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China)

Abstract:【Objective】The fruit quality of yellow-flesh peaches in Ningxian county was evaluated comprehensively to explore a quality evaluation system, a prediction model and core indicators were obtained for scientifically evaluating the quality and selecting excellent resources of Ningxian yellowflesh peach.【Methods】Using 17 Ningxian yellow-flesh peach resources and Jinxiu yellow-flesh peach as the test materials for determining the fruit appearance quality and 14 other quality indexes.The 14 quality indexes included single fruit mass, fruit shape index, fruit color values, soluble solids content,sweetness value,titratable acidity,soluble sugar,solid acid ration,sugar acid ration,carotenoid,vitamin C, tannin content and anthocyanin.The quality of 18 resources was comprehensively evaluated and ranked using systematic description, correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis.Through regression analysis, we obtained the prediction model and core indicators for the fresh food quality of Ningxian yellow-flesh peach.【Results】Ⅰn fruit apparance quality, the single fruit mass ranged from 69.80 to 254.68 g, the highest was Ninghuang No.1, while the lowest was Ninghuang No.2.The fruit shape index ranged from 0.88 to 1.19,and Ninghuang No.2 was the highest and Ninghuang No.32 was the lowest.Ⅰn fruit coloration,all materials,except for Ninghuang No.7,exhibited positive values.Ninghuang No.7 had a greenish hue with a negative CCⅠvalue (-2.92).Ninghuang No.5 had the highest CCⅠvalue of 19.97,indicating a more pronounced yellow color.Comparatively,the single fruit mass of Jinxiu was slightly lower than that of Ninghuang No.1, but it had a higher fruit shape index of 0.95.The CCⅠvalue of Jinxiu was slightly higher than that of Ninghuang No.7.Ⅰn fruit flavor quality,Ninghuang No.2, Ninghuang No.19, Jinxiu, Ninghuang No.1 and Ninghuang No.14 had the highest soluble total sugar content in the range of 9.015 to 9.589.Ninghuang No.2, Jinxiu, Ninghuang No.1 and Ninghuang No.18 had the highest sweetness values in the range from 101.48 to 105.06.The titratable acids of the fruit ranges from 0.37% to 0.60%, Ninghuang No.15 was the highest, up to 0.603%.The solid acid ratio and sugar acid ratio of Ninghuang No.18 were the highest,and those of Ninghuang No.15 were the lowest.Ninghuang No.19 had the highest tannin content, reaching 991.70 µg ∙g-1, Ninghuang No.14 had the lowest tannin content at 797.90 µg ∙g-1.The anthocyanins of Ninghuang No.15 was the highest.The variation coefficients of 17 Ningxian yellow-flesh peach fruit quality indicators ranged from 6.53% to 98.15%, the highest was found in CCⅠ, while the lowest was in tannin content.The coefficients of variations for the fruit shape index, soluble solids content, sweetness value, soluble total sugar, tannin and anthocyanin were relatively small, all below 10%.The coefficients of variations for titratable acidity, solid acid ratio, sugar acid ratio and vitamin C were relatively small, all below 20%.The coefficients of variations for single fruit mass and polyphenols were moderate, both below 30%.The coefficients of variatiosn for CCⅠwere relatively large, and was 98.15%, indicating that this factor could be considered as key indicator.There were different degrees of correlation between the various quality indicators.The CCⅠ,carotenoid and anthocyanins showed certain correlations with other indicators,although they did not reach a significant level.This suggests that they would be relatively independent and less influenced by other factors.There was a significant negative correlation between the fruit shape index and single fruit quality, and a significant positive correlation with the content of tannins;There was a significantly positive correlation between the soluble solids, sweetness value, and total soluble sugar.There was a highly significantly positive correlation between the sweetness value and total soluble sugar content.There was a highly significantly negative correlation between the titratable acid and sugar acid ratio and solid acid ratio.There was a significantly negative correlation between the vitamin C and Zn,indicating that the changes in vitamin C content in fruit pulp might be influenced by the level of Zn content.The factor analysis extracted six principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 87.06%,being used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model and ranking the quality of each strain (species) based on their comprehensive scores.Using the stepwise regression analysis,a prediction model for the quality of fresh peaches was established, and four indicators were screened as the core indicators for evaluating the quality of peaches.The cluster analysis divided the test materials into four categories.【Conclusion】The soluble solids content, sugar acid ration, tannin content and solid acid ratio were selected as core indicators for quality evaluation of Ningxian yellow-flesh peaches through the PCA combined with regression analysis.The quality prediction model could simplify fruit quality evaluation work; Ninghuang No.18, Ninghuang No.1, and Ninghuang No.19 were selected as excellent Ningxian yellow-flesht peach varieties through the PCA combined with cluster analysis.The combination of the two methods would make the evaluation results more scientific and reasonable.The above research results would provide a basis for the development and utilization of Ningxian yellowflesh peach.

Key words:Ningxian yellow-flesh peach;Fruit quality;PCA;Comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:S662.1

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2024)01-0065-11

DOⅠ:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230395

收稿日期2023-09-08

接受日期:2023-11-25

基金项目甘肃省科学技术厅民生科技专项(21CX6NM269)

作者简介张彦山,男,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向为桃种质资源收集、保存与评价。E-mail:zhanyanshan@163.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:0934-8362548,E-mail:398803549@qq.com