广西不同地区红阳猕猴桃果实香气分析

刘翠霞,李洁维,高建有,莫权辉,王发明,叶开玉,刘平平,齐贝贝,龚弘娟*

(广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所·广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林 541006)

摘 要:【目的】探讨广西不同地区的自然条件和土壤条件等对猕猴桃香气的影响,筛选出自然条件和土壤条件适合猕猴桃香气形成的区域,为广西种植猕猴桃选择适宜地区提供参考。【方法】采用顶空固相萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析广西龙胜、乐业果形指数南丹、全州等19个红阳猕猴桃产区的香气种类和含量。【结果】从19个产区的红阳猕猴桃中共检测出71种挥发性香气物质,其中含26种酯类、24种萜类、2种C13衍生物、2种C6化合物、4种醇类、4种醛类、2种酮类、7种烯烃类。19个地区的红阳猕猴桃香气种类介于9~26种之间,香气种类最多的是百色乐业县,恭城县次之,最少的是桂林龙胜县飘里镇,只检测到9种香气物质。红阳猕猴桃中含量较高的主要是酯类和萜类物质,有12个地区的红阳猕猴桃酯类物质占总香气的50%以上,7个地区的萜类物质占总香气的50%以上。含量较高的香气成分有丁酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、桉油精等。19个地区的红阳猕猴桃香气含量(w,后同)介于32~215 μg·kg-1之间,其中桂林市兴安县溶江镇香气含量最高,灵川县下辖乡香气含量最低。主成分分析(PCA)表明桂林市的龙胜县泗水乡、兴安县溶江镇、临桂区南边山乡、河池市南丹县、罗城县红阳猕猴桃的香气综合得分较高。【结论】综合分析表明,广西桂林市兴安县溶江镇、龙胜县泗水乡和临桂区南边山乡及河池市南丹县、罗城县的红阳猕猴桃香气含量较高、种类也较多,主成分分析综合得分也较高,说明香气较优,气候环境和土壤条件等都比较有利于猕猴桃的香气形成,结果可为广西种植猕猴桃选择适宜地区提供参考。

关键词:红阳猕猴桃;广西;香气;不同地区

猕猴桃又称奇异果(kiwifruit),果实风味独特,富含膳食纤维、维生素、蛋白质和矿物质等,营养价值极高,被誉为“水果之王”。广西是猕猴桃的原产地之一,自然条件适合猕猴桃的生长发育,并且处于低纬度地区,光能充足,雨量充沛,与其他猕猴桃产区相比,广西种植猕猴桃有早熟的优势,但由于管理技术水平低,单位面积产量低,品质差,产量和品质均无法满足市场需求。香气是果实风味与品质构成的重要指标,是果品多样化的特征物质,果品的风味与品质在市场上决定着品种是否具有更强的竞争优势,香气浓郁的猕猴桃更受消费者的喜爱。不同品种的猕猴桃香气不同,红阳猕猴桃是从中华猕猴桃实生后代中选出的红肉品种[1],果实长圆柱形兼倒卵圆形,鲜果横剖面沿果心有紫红色线条呈放射状分布,口感鲜美,有香味,广西从2006年开始引进红阳猕猴桃,是目前广西地区的主栽品种[2]

广西的猕猴桃主产区在桂林,除桂林外,百色乐业、河池等地猕猴桃种植业也已形成一定的规模,近年来,随着猕猴桃经济效益的显现,广西猕猴桃种植面积不断扩大,不少地区的水果从业人员也都将红阳猕猴桃作为推广品种[2-4],所以近年来红阳猕猴桃推广速度快,栽培面积逐年增长,但是不同产地的果实因土壤特性、气温、湿度、光照等种植条件的差异,从而导致果实质量、着色、糖酸含量和香气物质等品质指标存在差异[5-6],目前关于猕猴桃香气的研究大多集中在不同品种的比较[7-9]和采后香气变化方面[10-12],对于不同产地果实香气差异的研究较少,本试验利用顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用技术对广西桂林、河池、百色、来宾等地的红阳猕猴桃香气物质进行对比研究,明确在不同地区猕猴桃果实香气差异,以确定红阳猕猴桃在广西的适生区,为进一步推广和应用提供技术支持。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料和仪器

材料:供试材料主要采集于广西桂林、河池、百色等市的19个红阳猕猴桃主产基地,部分样品采集于农民基地,随机选取无病虫害、成熟度和大小相近的猕猴桃果实,每份样品3.0 kg,采集猕猴桃样品共19 份(桂林12 份,河池3 份,乐业1 份,靖西1 份,贺州1份,来宾1份),采集品种均为红阳猕猴桃,果实可溶性固形物含量达到7%后采样,将样品装入自封袋于24 h内带回实验室,在室温放置直到后熟完成,检测可溶性固形物含量达到20%,即进行香气成分的提取和检测。各园区具体经纬度和采样日期见表1,各地气象参数见表2。

表1 采样信息及采样日期
Table 1 Sampling point location and sampling date

编号No.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19采样地点Sampling areas河池市金城江区Jinchengjiang of Hechi City桂林市恭城县Gongcheng in Guilin City靖西市那坡县南坡乡Nanpo of Napo County in Jingxi City来宾市金秀县Jinxiu of Laibin City百色市乐业县Leye in Baise City桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇Longji of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇Longsheng of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县泗水乡Sishui of Longsheng County in Guilin City河池市罗成县Luocheng of Hechi City桂林市临桂区南边山乡Nanbianshan of Lingui District in Guilin City河池市南丹县Nandan of Hechi City桂林市全州县Quanzhou in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县飘里镇Piaoli of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市灵川县下辖乡Xiaxia of Lingchuan County in Guilin City桂林市兴安县漠川乡Mochuan of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市雁山区Yanshan of Guilin City贺州市钟山县Zhongshan of Hezhou City桂林市资源县Ziyuan of Guilin City桂林市兴安县溶江镇Rongjiang of Xing’an County in Guilin City经度Longitude/(°)108.14 110.83 106.42 110.18 106.57 110.04 110.02 110.09 108.90 110.27 107.54 111.07 109.97 110.33 110.80 110.31 111.30 110.65 110.48纬度Latitude/(°)24.70 24.83 23.13 24.13 24.79 25.69 25.81 25.86 24.78 24.95 24.97 25.93 24.98 25.41 25.45 25.06 24.53 26.04 25.56采样日期Sampling date 8月17日Aug.17 8月18日Aug.18 8月25日Aug.25 8月20日Aug.20 8月21日Aug.21 9月20日Sept.20 8月28日Aug.28 9月1日Sept.1 8月15日Aug.15 8月16日Aug.16 8月16日Aug.16 8月15日Aug.15 8月24日Aug.24 9月10日Sept.10 8月25日Aug.25 8月15日Aug.15 8月20日Aug.20 9月5日Sept.5 8月10日Aug.10

表2 2022 年广西部分采样地区气象参数
Table 2 Meteorological parameters of sampling area in 2022

注:数据来自欧洲中期天气预报中心等组织发布的ERA5-Land 数据集,只有县级以上数据。
Note:Data are from the ERA5-Land dataset published by organizations such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and are only available at county level and above.

采样地点Sampling areas桂林市资源县Ziyuan of Guilin City贺州市钟山县Zhongshan of Hezhou City桂林市雁山区Yanshan of Guilin City桂林市兴安县Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市全州县Quanzhou in Guilin City河池市南丹县Nandan of Hechi City河池市罗城县Luocheng of Hechi City桂林市龙胜县Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市灵川县Lingchuan County in Guilin City桂林市临桂区Lingui District in Guilin City百色市乐业县Leye in Baise City靖西市那坡县Napo County in Jingxi City来宾市金秀县Jinxiu of Laibin City河池市金城江区Jinchengjiang of Hechi City桂林市恭城县Gongcheng in Guilin City全年日照时数Annual sunshine hours/h 1 159.88 1 308.66 1 135.46 1 173.13 1 236.76 1 178.67 1 237.61 1 150.37 1 146.93 1 157.99 1 313.76 1 144.13 1 292.64 1 104.87 1 259.21年降雨量Annual rainfall/mm 1 665.13 2 170.92 1 946.77 1 755.66 1 428.56 1 671.77 2 280.33 2 012.96 2 155.41 2 372.49 1 436.77 1 634.06 2 319.11 1 889.31 2 336.69年平均气温Annual mean temperature/℃15.65 19.28 19.11 17.24 17.37 17.14 18.69 16.48 17.90 18.69 17.33 18.21 18.59 18.93 17.83

1.2 香气物质测定方法

采用顶空固相萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测果实香气成分。称取50 g样品匀浆,同时加入10%的NaCl,加入0.1 mL 41 mg·L-1的3-octanol溶液作为内标。每次测量称取5 g果浆于20 mL 顶空瓶中,放在磁力搅拌器中设置40 ℃,平衡20 min后,萃取30 min。萃取结束后,将萃取头插入气相色谱的进样口,在220 ℃下解析3 min。进样口采取无分流模式。萃取头采用30 μm PDMS/DVB SPME萃取头(Supelco公司,美国),在萃取样品前萃取头在250 ℃下老化30 min。采用气质联用仪对芳香物质进行分析鉴定。气相色谱型号为安捷伦7890C,质谱型号为安捷伦5975(安捷伦公司)。色谱柱为HP-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×1.0 μm)毛细管柱,升温程序为:40 ℃保持5 min,然后以2 ℃·min-1升至70 ℃,保持2 min,以3 ℃升至120 ℃,再以5 ℃·min-1升至150 ℃,最后以10 ℃·min-1升至220 ℃,保持2 min。转移线温度为280 ℃。质谱检测器采用EI模式,电压为70 eV;离子源温度为230 ℃;扫描速率为2.88 scan·s-1;质谱检测范围为29~540 m/z,载气为氦气,流速为1.0 mL·min-1。通过与质谱数据库(NIST 2008)及有关质谱数据、保留时间(RI)、相关文献进行比对(NIST Chemistry Web Book,2005)。所测物质含量定义为3-辛醇的相对含量。

1.3 主成分分析方法

利用SPSS 软件的因子分析对各地区猕猴桃果实香气物质进行主成分分析,利用成分得分系数矩阵计算每个成分得分,计算每个成分得分后,结合方差解释率,计算每个地区的综合得分,综合得分=w1×主成分1得分+w2×主成分2得分+w3×主成分3得分+w4×主成分4 得分…,其中w 表示主成分的贡献率[13]。综合得分计算完成后,其分值越大,则说明香气越优。

2 结果与分析

2.1 广西不同产地红阳猕猴桃香气物质的种类

从19 个地区的红阳猕猴桃中共检测出71 种挥发性香气物质,其中含26 种酯类,24 种萜类,2 种C13衍生物,2种C6化合物,4种醇类,4种醛类,2种酮类,7种烯烃类,以萜类和酯类为主。不同地区的红阳猕猴桃香气种类介于9~26 种之间(图1),其中桂林市恭城县和百色市乐业县红阳猕猴桃香气种类较多,分别为24 和26 种,河池市南丹县和罗城县红阳猕猴桃香气种类次之,都为22 种;桂林市龙胜县飘里镇、河池市金城江区和桂林市资源县的红阳猕猴桃香气种类含量较少,分别为9、10 和13 种;其余地区猕猴桃香气种类都在16~20种之间。酯类的种类在各个地区的红阳猕猴桃中介于1~17种之间,其中桂林市灵川县下辖乡含酯类最少,只有1种,百色市乐业县的猕猴桃酯类种类最多,为17 种,萜类物质的种类在各个地区的猕猴桃中介于1~12种之间,其中河池市金城江区最少,仅有1种,桂林市兴安县溶江镇和桂林全州县最多,都为12种。除桂林兴安县溶江镇外,其余18个地区的红阳猕猴桃都含烯烃类物质,且种类在各地区猕猴桃中差异不大,介于1~3种之间;酮类和醇类在各地区基本上都为0或1种;C13 衍生物在贺州市钟山县的猕猴桃中含有2种,桂林市兴安县溶江镇和漠川乡的猕猴桃中含有1种,其余地区不含C13衍生物;5个地区含有C6化合物,种类介于1~2种之间。

图1 广西不同地区红阳猕猴桃果实香气种类
Fig.1 Aroma components of Hongyang kiwifruit in different regions of Guangxi

1.来宾市金秀县;2 那坡县南坡乡;3 贺州市钟山县;4 河池市南丹县;5 河池市罗成县;6 河池市金城江区;7 桂林市资源县;8.桂林市雁山区;9.兴安县溶江镇;10.兴安县漠川乡;11.龙胜县泗水乡;12.龙胜县龙胜镇;13.龙胜县龙脊镇;14.灵川县下辖乡;15.临桂区南边山乡;16.龙胜县飘里镇;17.桂林市全州县;18.桂林市恭城县;19.百色市乐业县。
1.Jinxiu of Laibin City;2 Nanpo of Napo County;3 Zhongshan of Hezhou City;4 Nandan of Hechi City;5 Luocheng of Hechi City;6 Jinchengjiang of Hechi City;7 Ziyuan of Guilin City;8.Yanshan of Guilin City;9.Rongjiang of Xing’an County;10.Mochuan of Xing’an County;11.Sishui of Longsheng County;12.Longsheng of Longsheng County;13.Longji of Longsheng County;14.Xiaxia of Lingchuan County;15.Nanbianshan of Lingui District;16.Piaoli of Longsheng County;17.Quanzhou in Guilin City;18.Gongcheng in Guilin City;19.Leye in Baise City.

2.2 广西不同产地猕猴桃香气物质含量的分析

各地红阳猕猴桃总挥发性香气含量介于23.3~215.5 μg·kg-1之间(表3),其中总香气含量较低的是桂林龙胜县飘里镇、灵川县下辖乡和资源县,分别是23.3、25.6、32.0 μg·kg-1,总香气含量较高的有桂林市兴安县的溶江镇和漠川乡、龙胜县泗水乡和河池市罗成县,分别是215.5、176.3、187、181.7 μg·kg-1。大部分地区的红阳猕猴桃的香气物质成分以酯类物质或萜类物质为主,其中有12个地区的酯类物质占总香气的50%以上,7 个地区(河池市南丹县,桂林市资源县,兴安县溶江镇,龙胜县龙胜镇,灵川县下辖乡,全州县和龙胜县飘里镇)的萜类物质占总香气物质的50%以上(表4)。

表3 广西不同地区红阳猕猴桃香气含量
Table 3 Aroma content of Hongyang kiwifruit in different regions of Guangxi (μg·kg-1

注:ND 为没有检测到。下同。
Note:ND is no detect.The same below.

采样点Sampling site来宾市金秀县Jinxiu of Laibin City靖西市那坡县南坡乡Nanpo of Napo County in Jingxi City贺州市钟山县Zhongshan of Hezhou City河池市南丹县Nandan of Hechi City河池市罗成县Luocheng of Hechi City河池金城江区Jinchengjiang of Hechi City桂林市资源县Ziyuan of Guilin City桂林市雁山区Yanshan of Guilin City桂林市兴安县溶江镇Rongjiang of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市兴安县漠川乡Mochuan of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县泗水乡Sishui of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇Longsheng of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇Longji of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市灵川县下辖乡Xiaxia of Lingchuan County in Guilin City桂林市临桂区南边山乡Nanbianshan of Lingui District in Guilin City桂林龙胜县飘里镇Piaoli of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林全州县Quanzhou in Guilin City桂林恭城县Gongcheng in Guilin City百色市乐业县Leye in Baise City C13衍生物C13-norisoprenoid ND C6化合物C6 compounds ND醇类Alcohols ND醛类Aldehydes ND萜类Terpenes 1.75酮类Ketones 0.15烯烃类Alkenes 0.1酯类Esters 74.1总香气Total 76.1 ND 5.5 ND 0.7 5.40 0.50 3.4 75.3 90.7 0.2 ND ND 0.3 0.90 1.30 0.4 97.8 100.9 ND 2.7 ND 1.5 33.10 ND 3.6 22.1 63.0 ND ND ND 0.3 11.70 ND 1.1 169.7 181.7 ND 13.8 ND 0.3 2.60 ND 0.1 33.9 50.6 ND ND ND 2.2 19.00 3.00 1.0 7.0 32.0 ND ND ND 1.2 6.40 0.50 0.5 32.8 41.4 2.8 ND ND 4.2 134.50 ND ND 74.2 215.5 ND ND ND 1.7 14.70 3.20 1.9 154.8 176.3 ND ND ND 4.6 56.00 ND 4.4 122.0 187.0 ND 1.3 0.1 0.7 22.50 ND 0.9 2.3 27.8 ND ND ND 0.0 0.30 ND 0.1 62.2 62.6 ND 2.3 0.2 1.7 14.30 0.40 1.1 5.6 25.6 ND ND 0.1 0.9 2.70 ND 0.3 148.2 152.6 ND ND ND 0.8 13.30 0.50 1.4 7.4 23.3 ND ND ND 1.4 30.70 0.60 1.7 9.5 44.0 ND ND 0.2 1.9 8.60 0.50 1.9 50.5 63.7 ND ND ND 0.1 1.20 0.40 0.2 41.1 43.0

表4 广西19 个地区红阳猕猴桃不同香气成分占比
Table 4 Proportion of different aroma components of Hongyang kiwifruit in 19 regions of Guangxi %

采样点Sampling site来宾市金秀县Jinxiu of Laibin City靖西市那坡县南坡乡Nanpo of Napo County in Jingxi City贺州市钟山县Zhongshan of Hezhou City河池市南丹县Nandan of Hechi City河池市罗成县Luocheng of Hechi City河池金城江区Jinchengjiang of Hechi City桂林市资源县Ziyuan of Guilin City桂林市雁山区Yanshan of Guilin City桂林市兴安县溶江镇Rongjiang of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市兴安县漠川乡Mochuan of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县泗水乡Sishui of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇Longsheng of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇Longji of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市灵川县下辖乡Xiaxia of Lingchuan County in Guilin City桂林市临桂区南边山乡Nanbianshan of Lingui District in Guilin City桂林龙胜县飘里镇Piaoli of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林全州县Quanzhou in Guilin City桂林恭城县Gongcheng in Guilin City百色市乐业县Leye in Baise City C13衍生物C13-norisoprenoid ND C6化合物C6 compounds ND醇类Alcohols ND醛类Aldehydes ND萜类Terpenes 2.3酮类Ketones 0.2烯烃类Alkenes 0.1酯类Esters 97.4 ND 6.1 ND 0.8 6.0 0.6 3.7 83.0 0.2 ND ND 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.4 96.9 ND 4.3 ND 2.4 52.5 ND 5.7 35.1 ND ND ND 0.2 6.4 ND 0.6 93.4 ND 27.3 ND 0.6 5.1 ND ND 67.0 ND ND ND 6.9 59.4 9.4 3.1 21.9 ND ND ND 2.9 15.5 1.2 1.2 79.2 1.3 ND ND 1.9 62.4 ND ND 34.4 ND ND ND 1.0 8.3 1.8 1.1 87.8 ND ND ND 2.5 29.9 ND 2.4 65.2 ND 4.7 0.4 2.5 80.9 ND 3.2 8.3 ND ND ND 0.0 0.5 ND 0.2 99.4 ND 9.0 0.8 6.6 55.9 1.6 4.3 21.9 ND ND 0.1 0.6 1.8 ND 0.2 97.1 ND ND ND 3.4 57.1 2.1 6.0 31.8 ND ND ND 3.2 69.8 1.4 3.9 21.6 ND ND 0.3 3.0 13.5 0.8 3.0 79.3 ND ND ND 0.2 2.8 0.9 0.5 95.6

在不同地区猕猴桃中酯类物质含量介于2.3~169.7 μg·kg-1之间(表3),各地区猕猴桃酯类物质含量占总香气的含量介于8.3%~99.4%之间(表4),其中酯类物质含量较高的有河池市罗城县猕猴桃,桂林市兴安县漠川乡猕猴桃和临桂区南边山乡猕猴桃,酯类物质含量分别为169.7、154.8、148.2 μg·kg-1,酯类物质占总香气含量百分比较高的有来宾市金秀县猕猴桃(97.4%),贺州市钟山县猕猴桃(96.9%),桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇猕猴桃(99.4%),百色市乐业县猕猴桃(95.6%),酯类物质占总香气含量百分比较低的有桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇猕猴桃(8.3%),桂林全州县猕猴桃(21.6%),桂林市资源县猕猴桃和桂林灵川县下辖乡猕猴桃(都为21.9%)。

各地区猕猴桃萜类物质含量介于0.3~134.5 μg·kg-1之间(表4),各地区萜类物质含量占总香气含量的百分比介于0.5%~80.9%之间,其中猕猴桃中萜类物质含量最高的地区是桂林市兴安县溶江镇,远远高于其他地区,含量较低的有桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇和贺州市钟山县,这些地区的猕猴桃中萜类物质含量占总香气含量的百分比也较低,分别为0.5%和0.9%,而萜类物质含量占总香气含量的百分比较高的地区有桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇猕猴桃(80.9%)和桂林全州县猕猴桃(69.8%)。

C6,C13衍生物、醇类、醛类和酮类含量在各地的红阳猕猴桃中占比都较低。各地区中除来宾金秀的猕猴桃不含醛类,其余地区猕猴桃醛类含量占比在0.2%~6.9%之间,河池金城江区猕猴桃和兴安县溶江镇猕猴桃不含烯烃类,其余地区猕猴桃烯烃类含量占比介于0.1%~6.0%之间,C13 衍生物的香气阈值很低,香气活性值较高,在19个地区中,只有贺州市钟山县猕猴桃和桂林市兴安县溶江镇猕猴桃检测到有C13 衍生物,其余地区猕猴桃没有检测到,C6化合物呈青草香味,在未成熟的果实中含量较高,在19 个地区中,只有在靖西市南坡乡猕猴桃、河池市南丹县猕猴桃、河池金城江区猕猴桃、桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇猕猴桃和桂林恭城县猕猴桃中检测到C6 化合物(表3)。

2.3 广西各地区红阳猕猴桃香气成分分析

酯类物质是水果中常见的香气物质,大多呈果香味,各地区红阳猕猴桃中检测到的主要酯类物质有丁酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸丁酯、葵酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、丁酸丙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯等(表5,图2),其中丁酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、己酸乙酯等物质可以产生典型的猕猴桃香气,主要表现为果香、甜香[14-16],在11 个地区的红阳猕猴桃中丁酸乙酯是含量最高的挥发性物质(表5),酯类物质种类和含量都较高的地区有罗城县、漠川乡和南边山乡。有6种酯类物质只在个别地区检测到,其中碳酸甲戊酯和异丁酸异丁酯是桂林恭城县红阳猕猴桃的特有物质,在别的地区猕猴桃中没有检测到(图2),苯甲酸香叶酯和2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯是百色市乐业县猕猴桃的特有物质,在别的地区猕猴桃中没有检测到,此外,2-丁氧基苯甲酸甲酯只在桂林雁山区的猕猴桃中检测到,辛酸甲酯只在兴安县漠川乡的猕猴桃中检测到。

图2 广西19 个地区红阳猕猴桃酯类物质热图
Fig.2 Heatmap of ester components of Hongyang kiwifruit fruits in 19 regions of Guangxi

表5 广西不同地区的红阳猕猴桃果实中含量最高的5 种香气物质
Table 5 Five aroma components with the highest content of Hongyang kiwifruit in different regions of Guangxi

采样地点Sampling areas来宾市金秀县Jinxiu of Laibin City靖西市那坡县南坡乡Nanpo of Napo County in Jingxi City贺州市钟山县Zhongshan of Hezhou City河池市南丹县Nandan of Hechi City河池市罗成县Luocheng of Hechi City河池市金城江区Jinchengjiang of Hechi City桂林市资源县Ziyuan of Guilin City桂林市雁山区Yanshan of Guilin City桂林市兴安县溶江镇Rongjiang of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林市兴安县漠川乡Mochuan of Xing’an County in Guilin City桂林龙胜县飘里镇Piaoli of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市全州县Quanzhou in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县泗水乡Sishui of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙胜镇Longsheng of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇Longji of Longsheng County in Guilin City桂林市灵川县下辖乡Xiaxia of Lingchuan County in Guilin City桂林市临桂区南边山乡Nanbianshan of Lingui District in Guilin City桂林市恭城县Gongcheng in Guilin City百色市乐业县Leye in Baise City挥发性成分Aroma components丁酸乙酯,丁酸甲酯,己酸乙酯,苯甲酸甲酯,乙酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester, Butanoic acid, methyl ester, Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, Benzoic acid,methyl ester,Ethyl acetate丁酸乙酯,己酸乙酯,2-己烯醛,桉油精,丁酸甲酯Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester,2-Hexenal,Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,methyl ester丁酸乙酯,葵酸乙酯,苯甲酸乙酯,丁酸甲酯,3-辛酮Butanoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, Benzoic acid, ethyl ester, Butanoic acid,methyl ester,3-Octanone丁酸乙酯,桉油精,γ-松油烯,邻伞花烃,β-蒎烯Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Eucalyptol,γ-Terpinene,o-Cymene,β-Pinene丁酸乙酯丁酸甲酯,葵酸乙酯,丁酸丁酯2-甲基丙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester,Butanoic acid, methyl ester, Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, Butanoic acid,butyl ester,Butanoic acid,2-methylpropyl ester丁酸乙酯,己醛,葵酸乙酯,桉油精,丁酸甲酯Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Hexanal,Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester,Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,methyl ester桉油精,丁酸乙酯,3-辛酮,正戊醛,乙酸乙酯Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,3-Octanone,Pentanal,Ethyl acetate丁酸乙酯,丁酸甲酯,桉油精,苯甲酸甲酯,葵酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester, Eucalyptol, Butanoic acid, methyl ester, Benzoic acid, methyl ester Hexanoic acid,methyl ester丁酸乙酯,桉油精,γ-松油烯,脱氢芳樟醇,里那醇Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Eucalyptol,γ-Terpinene,Dehydrolinalool,Linanol丁酸甲酯,丁酸乙酯,苯甲酸甲酯,葵酸乙酯,桉油精Butanoic acid, ethyl ester, Butanoic acid, methyl ester, Benzoic acid, methyl ester, Eucalyptol,Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester桉油精,丁酸乙酯,β-蒎烯,6,6-二甲基富烯,柠檬烯Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,β-Pinene,6,6-Dimethylfulvene,D-Limonene桉油精,β-蒎烯,丁酸乙酯,乙酸乙酯,柠檬烯Eucalyptol,β-Pinene,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Ethyl acetate,D-Limonene桉油精,丁酸乙酯,3-蒈烯,乙酸乙酯,葵酸乙酯Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,3-Carene,Hexanoic acid,Ethyl acetate,ethyl ester桉油精,3-蒈烯,乙酸乙酯,柠檬烯,己醛Eucalyptol,3-Carene,Ethyl acetate,D-Limonene,Hexanal丁酸乙酯,葵酸乙酯,苯甲酸甲酯,丁酸甲酯,苯甲酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, Benzoic acid, methyl ester, Butanoic acid,methyl ester,Benzoic acid,ethyl ester乙酸乙酯,β-蒎烯,己醛,β-蒎烯,柠檬烯Ethyl acetate,β-Pinene,Hexanal,β-Pinene,D-Limonene葵酸乙酯,丁酸乙酯,苯甲酸乙酯,桉油精,乙酸乙酯Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Benzoic acid,methyl ester,Eucalyptol,Ethyl acetate丁酸乙酯,丁酸甲酯,桉油精,2-甲基丙酯,乙酸乙酯Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Butanoic acid,methyl ester,Eucalyptol,Butanoic acid,2-methylpropyl ester,Ethyl acetate丁酸乙酯,己酸乙酯,丁酸甲酯,戊酸乙酯,桉油精Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester,Butanoic acid,methyl ester,Pentanoic acid,ethyl ester,Eucalyptol,

各地区中检测到的含量较高的主要萜类物质有桉油精、柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、邻伞花烃、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯等(表5,图3),其中桉油精具有清凉香气,是几乎在所有地区的红阳猕猴桃中都能检测出的萜类物质(除来宾金秀和罗城)。在5 个地区(桂林市资源县,全州县,龙胜县飘里镇,龙胜县泗水乡和龙胜镇)的猕猴桃中桉油精是含量最高的物质(表5)。萜类物质种类和含量都较高的是兴安县溶江镇和龙胜县泗水乡的猕猴桃。有7 种萜类物质只在个别地区检测到,其中脱氢芳樟醇、α-松油醇、反-(+)-橙花叔醇和荜澄茄烯都是桂林市兴安县溶江镇猕猴桃特有的物质,别的地区都没有检测到,松油醇、异松油烯和顺式萜品醇分别是桂林市全州县、河池市南丹县、桂林市龙胜县龙脊镇特有的物质。

图3 广西19 个地区红阳猕猴桃萜类物质热图
Fig.3 Heatmap of terpenoids components of Hongyang kiwifruit fruits in 19 regions of Guangxi

萜类物质中里那醇是具有玫瑰香味的物质,只在南边山乡、全州、龙胜县飘里镇、灵川县下辖乡、兴安溶江镇检测到此物质,都属于桂林地区,呈一定的地域特征。在贺州市钟山镇的红阳猕猴桃里检测到香叶基丙酮和β-紫罗酮两C13 衍生物物质,香叶基丙酮基具有玫瑰香味,β-紫罗酮具有较强的紫罗兰香气,在桂林兴安榕江检测到β-紫罗酮,且含量较高。其余地区均没有检测到C13衍生物。

2.4 广西各地区红阳猕猴桃香气主成分分析

利用SPSS 软件的因子分析对各地区猕猴桃果实香气物质进行主成分分析,以特征值大于1 提取主成分。软件分析结果提取了11 个主成分(表6),11个主成分的累计贡献率达到94.68%,故前11个主成分可描述原数据的变化趋势。经PCA 分析表明猕猴桃香气来源的主要成分有4-蒈烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、间伞花烃、p-薄荷三烯、丁酸丙酯、乙酸乙酯、间伞花烃、丁酸丁酯、葵酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等。利用成分得分系数矩阵和方差解释率,计算每个地区的综合得分,经计算后表明桂林市的龙胜县泗水乡、兴安县溶江镇、临桂区南边山乡、河池市南丹县、罗城县的猕猴桃香气综合得分较高(图4)。

图4 各地区猕猴桃果实主成分分析的综合得分图
Fig.4 Comprehensive score of principal component analysis of kiwifruit in different regions

表6 11 个主成分特征向量及贡献率
Table 6 Eleven principal component eigenvectors and contribution rates

主成分Principal component特征值Eigenvalue 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9.75 7.33 6.82 5.87 4.02 3.54 3.02 2.36 1.97 1.49 1.19贡献率Contribution rate/%19.51 14.66 13.64 11.73 8.03 7.08 6.04 4.71 3.94 2.98 2.37累积贡献率Cumulative proportion/%19.49 34.16 47.79 59.53 67.56 74.64 80.68 85.39 89.32 92.31 94.68

3 讨 论

香气是果实风味和品质的重要指标,可以间接反映出水果及其加工产品的口感及风味,而且在提升消费者口碑及市场竞争力方面也起关键性的作用,是果品多样化的特征物质,也是猕猴桃种植需要关注的焦点。如猕猴桃品种徐香,因其浓郁的香味,深受广大消费者喜爱,目前是陕西产区的主栽鲜食品种;又如著名的品种阳光金果,也是因为具有十分浓郁的香味而深受消费者喜爱,市场上价格也较高。研究表明,不同种质的猕猴桃果实香气成分的种类和含量不同会导致果实的风味不同。目前已从美味、中华、软枣、毛花等不同种类的猕猴桃果实中鉴别出100 多种香气物质,其中以来源于脂肪酸途径的酯类、醛类和醇类物质含量较高,大部分猕猴桃品种测定出的香气物质种类介于30~50 种之间,少数品种有50~80种,其中,酯类芳香物质是猕猴桃特征香气的主要成分。如董婧等[17]在6个中华猕猴桃品种中共鉴定了92种香气化合物,香气成分种类介于17~44种之间,其中翠玉、金桃和金艳中香气成分主要是酯类化合物,楚红和东红的香气成分分别以醛类和萜类为主,而西选二号的香气成分由醛类和萜类组成;除品种外,不同地区由于海拔、光照、气温、降雨量及土壤条件等生长环境的不同,果实品质也存在显著差异,本研究对广西19个种植区的红阳猕猴桃的香气品质进行了较全面的研究,从19个地区的红阳猕猴桃中检测到了71种香气物质,19个地区没有共有的香气成分,从所占百分比上看,所有产地的红阳猕猴桃都以酯类或萜类物质为主,在不同的地区呈现不同的香气特征,有12个产区的红阳猕猴桃以酯类物质为主,酯类物质一般呈果香味,这12 个产区的猕猴桃可认为是果香型香气,7 个产区(河池市南丹县,桂林市资源县,兴安县溶江镇,龙胜县龙胜镇,灵川县下辖乡,全州县和龙胜县飘里镇)的红阳猕猴桃以萜类为主,萜类含量占总香气的50%以上,萜类物质一般呈花香型,这7个产区的猕猴桃可认为是花香型香气,但是有些地区可能是因为酯类含量相对较低所以萜类占比就相对较高。

从含量上看,11 个产区的红阳猕猴桃香气成分含量最高的是丁酸乙酯,这与前人[18-20]研究结果相一致。与Lan[8]的研究较接近,Lan[8]在23 个猕猴桃主栽品种中检测到了172种香气成分,其中丁酸乙酯、(E)-2-己烯醇和(E)-2-己烯醛含量较高,认为是大部分品种的主要香气成分。丁酸乙酯是大部分水果的香气成分,呈果香,甜香,在本研究中也检测到了丁酸乙酯是红阳的主要成分。(E)-2-己烯醛是具有青草气味,也是一种天然的防腐杀菌剂,可抑制黄曲霉菌,草莓炭疽病菌等[21],在本试验中,只在河池金城江区和南丹县,靖西市南坡乡3 个地区的红阳猕猴桃检测到了(E)-2-己烯醛,且含量较低,这可能是红阳猕猴桃果实抗病性较差的原因之一。所有地区的红阳都没有检测到(E)-2-己烯醇,且本研究中有5个地区(桂林市资源县,全州县,龙胜县飘里镇,龙胜县泗水乡和龙胜镇)的猕猴桃香气物质以桉油精含量最高,桉油精又称桉树脑、桉油醇,是一种单萜,有与樟脑相似的气味,孙阳[7]在软枣猕猴桃中也检测到桉油精。

在各种植区中,河池罗成县、兴安县漠川乡、南边山乡的红阳猕猴桃酯类含量较高,但萜类含量较低,果香浓郁,河池市南丹县、桂林市兴安县溶江镇、桂林市全州县、龙胜县泗水乡的萜类物质含量较高,呈花香型特点。而桂林兴安县溶江镇的酯类和萜类物质种类和含量都较为出色,特别是总香气和萜类物质含量远远高于其他地区,最能体现品种特性,是猕猴桃香气最优的产地,这可能是溶江镇靠近灵渠和榕江,三面环山,形成了独特的小气候。同时也说明红阳猕猴桃同时具有较丰富的酯类和萜类合成相关的遗传基础,但是在不同的地区不同气候条件下最终影响了香气的种类和含量。采自贺州市钟山镇花乡的猕猴桃总香气含量也较高,此地也是三面环山,形成独特小气候,较适宜猕猴桃的生长。此外,百色乐业县猕猴桃香气含量虽然不高,但是香气种类最多。主成分分析表明桂林市的龙胜县泗水乡、兴安县溶江镇、临桂区南边山乡、河池市南丹县、罗城县的猕猴桃香气综合得分较高,说明香气较优,与香气的含量和种类分析基本一致。

综合数据,广西桂林市兴安县溶江镇和漠川乡、龙胜县泗水乡、临桂区南边山乡、河池南丹县、罗城县的猕猴桃香气较优,说明气候环境和土壤条件等都比较有利于猕猴桃的香气形成和积累。

4 结 论

广西是猕猴桃的原产地,气候适合猕猴桃的种植,且地处低纬度地区,猕猴桃成熟早,发展猕猴桃产业具有季节优势,但是由于果实品质低,一直缺乏市场竞争力。了解了红阳猕猴桃在广西不同地区的主要果实品质表现,为确定红阳猕猴桃在广西的适生区提供一定的参考意义。可依据猕猴桃的品质,对种植区进行分级,推出具有区级特色的代表猕猴桃,形成地标产品,构建自主猕猴桃品牌及战略,引导技术、人才、资本等要素向优势区聚集。桂林市兴安县溶江镇的红阳猕猴桃香气指标远超其他地区,可把此地打造出品质优异的红阳猕猴桃产区。

参考文献References:

[1]吕岩.红阳猕猴桃主要特点[J].西北园艺,2001(3):37-38.LÜ Yan.The main characteristics of Hongyang[J].Northwest Horticulture,2001(3):37-38.

[2]李洁维,莫权辉,蒋桥生,张静翅,龚弘娟,李纯.猕猴桃品种红阳在广西桂北的引种试验[J].中国果树,2009(4):35-37.LI Jiewei,MO Quanhui,JIANG Qiaosheng,ZHANG Jingchi,GONG Hongjuan,LI Chun.Introduction experiment of kiwi variety Hongyang in North Guangxi[J].China Fruits,2009(4):35-37.

[3]艾伏兵,黄小练.红阳猕猴桃的引种表现及栽培技术[J].广东农业科学,2006,33(7):36-37.AI Fubing,HUANG Xiaolian.Introduction and cultivation techniques of Hongyang[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2006,33(7):36-37.

[4]尉俊超,李娜,李光华,王建春.红阳猕猴桃的引种表现及栽培技术[J].落叶果树,2008,40(1):33-35.YU Junchao,LI Na,LI Guanghua,WANG Jianchun.Introduction and cultivation techniques of Hongyang kiwifruit[J].Deciduous Fruits,2008,40(1):33-35.

[5]GAO H N,JIANG H,CUI J Y,YOU C X,LI Y Y.Review:The effects of hormones and environmental factors on anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple[J].Plant Science,2021,312:111024.

[6]MUSACCHI S,SERRA S.Apple fruit quality:Overview on pre-harvest factors[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,234:409-430.

[7]孙阳,慈志娟,刘振盼,卢立媛,刘广平,陈喜忠,李仁浩,尤文忠.不同软枣猕猴桃品种果实品质和香气成分差异分析[J].中国果树,2021(5):52-55.SUN Yang,CI Zhijuan,LIU Zhenpan,LU Liyuan,LIU Guangping,CHEN Xizhong,LI Renhao,YOU Wenzhong.Analysis on fruit quality and aroma components of different Actinidia arguta cultivars[J].China Fruits,2021(5):52-55.

[8]LAN T,GAO C X,YUAN Q Y,WANG J Q,ZHANG H X,SUN X Y,LEI Y S,MA T T.Analysis of the aroma chemical composition of commonly planted kiwifruit cultivars in China[J].Foods,2021,10(7):1645.

[9]LINDHORST A C,STEINHAUS M.Aroma-active compounds in the fruit of the hardy kiwi(Actinidia arguta)cultivars Ananasnaya,Bojnice,and Dumbarton Oaks:Differences to common kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa‘Hayward’)[J].European Food Research and Technology,2016,242(6):967-975.

[10]WANG Q A,AN X X,XIANG M L,CHEN X,LUO Z Y,FU Y Q,CHEN M,CHEN J Y.Effects of 1-MCP on the physiological attributes,volatile components and ester-biosynthesis-related gene expression during storage of‘Jinyan’kiwifruit[J].Horticulturae,2021,7(10):381.

[11]叶昕,李昆同.‘红阳’猕猴桃采收成熟度及1-MCP 对果实保鲜的效果[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(3):374-377.YE Xin,LI Kuntong.Harvest maturity of‘Hongyang’kiwifruit and preservation effect of 1-MCP on its fruits[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2011,29(3):374-377.

[12]HUAN C,ZHANG J,JIA Y,LI S E,JIANG T J,SHEN S L,ZHENG X L.Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on quality,volatile production and ethanol metabolism in kiwifruit during storage at room temperature[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2020,265:109266.

[13]DING C,HE X F. K-means clustering via principal component analysis[C]//Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning.Banff,Alberta,Canada.New York:Association for Computing Machinery,2004.

[14]赵玉,詹萍,王鹏,田洪磊.猕猴桃中关键香气组分分析[J].食品科学,2021,42(16):118-124.ZHAO Yu,ZHAN Ping,WANG Peng,TIAN Honglei.Analysis of key aroma compounds in kiwifruits[J].Food Science,2021,42(16):118-124.

[15]陈健男.猕猴桃果实香气成分及其抗旱性、砧木耐涝性评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.CHEN Jiannan.The aromatic constituents and drought resistance and evaluation of rootstock’s flooding tolerance in kiwi fruit[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2018.

[16]MOTA L M,AGUIAR A,FERREIRA I M P L V O,DE PINHO P G.Volatile profiling of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa‘Hayward’)evaluated by HS-SPME and GC-IT/MS:Influence of ripening,training system and storage[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology,2012,5(8):3115-3128.

[17]董婧,刘永胜,唐维.中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)果实香气成分及相关基因表达[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(2):307-314.DONG Jing,LIU Yongsheng,TANG Wei.Volatile components and their corresponding synthetic gene expression profile in the fruits of Actinidia chinensis Planch.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2018,24(2):307-314.

[18]甘武.猕猴桃果实品质和香气成分分析研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2018.GAN Wu.Analysis of fruit quality and aroma components of kiwifruit[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2018.

[19]WANG R C,SHU P,ZHANG C,ZHANG J L,CHEN Y,ZHANG Y X,DU K,XIE Y,LI M Z,MA T,ZHANG Y,LI Z G,GRIERSON D,PIRRELLO J,CHEN K S,BOUZAYEN M,ZHANG B,LIU M C.Integrative analyses of metabolome and genome-wide transcriptome reveal the regulatory network governing flavor formation in kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis)[J].The New Phytologist,2022,233(1):373-389.

[20]吕正鑫,王海令,贺艳群,刘青,黄春辉,贾东峰,徐小彪.基于HS-SPME-GC-MS 的5 份猕猴桃种质风味品质研究[J].果树学报,2022,39(1):47-59.LÜ Zhengxin,WANG Hailing,HE Yanqun,LIU Qing,HUANG Chunhui,JIA Dongfeng,XU Xiaobiao.Flavor quality analysis of five kiwifruit germplasm based on HS-SPMEGC-MS[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2022,39(1):47-59.

[21]王姝瑶,郝鑫,曲悦,陈迎迎,沈应柏.反式-2-己烯醛在植物防御反应中的作用[J].植物学报,2021,56(2):232-240.WANG Shuyao,HAO Xin,QU Yue,CHEN Yingying,SHEN Yingbai.The role of trans-2-hexenal in plant defense responses[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2021,56(2):232-240.

Aromatic constituents analysis of Hongyang kiwifruits from different regions in Guangxi

LIU Cuixia,LI Jiewei,GAO Jianyou,MO Quanhui,WANG Faming,YE Kaiyu,LIU Pingping,QI Beibei,GONG Hongjuan*

(Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China)

Abstract: 【Objective】Kiwifruit is known as the“King of fruits”because it is rich in dietary fiber,vitamins, protein and minerals.The market for kiwifruit at home and abroad is huge.China is the world's largest kiwifruit production and consumption country.In recent years,planting area of kiwifruit has expanded rapidly in Guangxi,Yunnan,Guizhou,Jiangxi and other economically underdeveloped provinces (regions) in southern China However, the fruit quality varied with areas of planting.Therefore, improving the quality of kiwifruit is an important task in these areas.Aromatic characteristics are the most important characteristics for kiwifruit quality and are the main concern to consumers.Hongyang is the main variety of kiwifruit grown in Guangxi, but there were few reports on the trend performance of Hongyang in different producing areas.The aroma components of Hongyang from 19 growing regions of Guangxi were determined in order to provide reference for selecting suitable areas for growing kiwifruit in Guangxi.【Methods】Fruit samples were collected from 19 growing regions in Guangxi.The fruits were harvested when the soluble solid reached 7 Brix.The aroma components of fruit were determined by headspace solid phase extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The extraction head was 30 μm PDMS/DVB SPME.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS.19.0,and Origin 2018 was used for heat map.【Results】A total of 71 aroma components were detected from the 19 regions, including 26 esters, 24 terpenes, 4 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 2 ketones, 2 C13 compounds,2 C6 compounds,and 7 alkenes.The fruits produced in Leye County of Baise City had the most abundant aroma components, with 26 kinds of aroma components detected, followed by Gongcheng with 24 kinds of components detected.The aroma components of the fruits produced in Dongshan of Quanzhou County in Guilin City were the least, only 9 were detected.The most regions had aroma components ranging from 16 to 20 kinds.The main aroma types of kiwifruit were esters or terpenes, the esters accounting for the total aroma of Hongyang from the 19 regions had large difference, ranging from 8.3% to 99.4%.The terpenes accounting for the total aroma of Hongyang from the 19 regions also had large difference, ranging from 0.5% to 80.9%.Esters was accounting for over 50%of the total aroma in the 12 regions, and terpenes accounting for over 50% of the total aroma components in the 7 regions.The high content of aroma components in Hongyang were ethyl butyrate,methyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, methyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, and eucalyptus, etc.The total aroma content of Hongyang fruits from the 19 regions ranged from 32 to 215 μg·kg- 1, among them, the fruits from Rongjiang Town of Xin’an County,Guilin City had the highest aroma content,and those from Linchuan County had the lowest aroma content.The esters content of Hongyang from 19 regions ranged from 2.3 to 169.7 μg·kg-1, among them, the fruits from Nandan of Hechi City, Mochuan of Xin’an County in Guilin City had the highest aroma content, and those from Longsheng of Longsheng County in Guilin City had the lowest esters content.The main esters in Hongyang were ethyl butyrate, methyl butyrate,ethyl caproate,methyl benzoate,ethyl acetate,butyl butyrate,and methyl quillate etc.The terpenes content of Hongyang fruits from the 19 regions ranged from 0.9 to 134.5 μg·kg-1.The fruits from Rongjiang of Xin’an County in Guilin City had the most abundant terpenes content,followed by those from Sishui of Longsheng County in Guilin City,and the fruits from Zhongshan of Hezhou City had the lowest terpenes content.The high content of terpenes of Hongyang fruits from the 19 regions were eucalyptol,Dlimonene, 3-carene, o-cymene, γ-Terpinene, β-Pinene etc.Some terpenoids were only detected in the fruit from a few areas.The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the fruits from Sishui Township in Longsheng County,Rongjiang Town in Xing’an County,Nanbianshan Township in Lingui District, Nandan County in Hechi City and Luocheng County had higher aroma scores.【Conclusion】The aromatic constituents of the Hongyang kiwifruits from the different regions were analyzed.The comprehensive analysis showed that the aroma of kiwifruit was better in Rongjiang Sishui of Longsheng County, Nanbianshan of Lingui District, Nandan County and Luocheng County, indicating that the climate and soil conditions were favorable for the formation of aroma.The results also showed that the fruits from Dongshan of Quanzhou County in Guilin City and Xiaxia of Linchuang County in Guilin City had the lowest aroma where the conditions might not be suitable for the formation of kiwi aroma.In addition, the climate of some growing areas was favorable for ester formation and some other areas for terpenoids formation.Rongjiang of Xin’an County in Guilin City would be conducive to the formation of esters and terpenoids.The results could provide certain reference for selecting suitable areas for planting kiwifruit in Guangxi.

Key words: Hongyang kiwifruit;Guangxi;Aroma;Different regions

中图分类号:S663.4

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2023)10-2170-13

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230175

收稿日期:2023-05-15

接受日期:2023-07-10

基金项目:广西植物研究所基本业务费(桂植业23008);广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室自主研究课题(ZRJJ2022-1);桂科学者项目(CQZ-D-1908);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21196017)

作者简介:刘翠霞,女,博士,研究方向为果实香气品质形成机制。Tel:13877323667,E-mail:13366054919@163.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:15877032276,E-mail:gongjian-3000@126.com