绿肥间作翻压处理对新新2号核桃性状及土壤养分的影响

宁万军1,张 强1,黄闽敏1*,刘旭丽2

1新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐 830000;2新疆建设职业技术学院,乌鲁木齐 830000)

摘 要目的】探讨不同绿肥间作翻压试验对新新2号核桃性状及土壤养分的影响,确立其适宜的绿肥间作模式,为提高核桃品质、果园土壤肥力提供理论依据。【方法】通过在新新2号核桃行间套种油菜、豌豆、紫云英3种绿肥,花期翻压后测定不同处理间土壤养分含量、叶片及果实品质性状。【结果】不同绿肥间作翻压处理的土壤养分含量增减变化存在差异。油菜、豌豆、紫云英在翻压30 d时,土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮、全钾含量均有所增加,但后期整体逐渐减少,最终低于绿肥播种前土壤养分水平;同时土壤中养分含量(w,后同)总量均显著增加,分别增长了3.88、1.69、0.83 g·kg-1,而对照(CK)则减少了1.31 g·kg-1。新新2号叶面积在油菜、紫云英处理下分别比CK高出5.29%、4.88%,百叶鲜、干质量在豌豆间作下可达到340.64 g、115.12 g,分别比CK提高了13.07%、20.71%,均显著高于其余处理。叶片营养含量在不同绿肥间作下差异显著,P含量在油菜处理下比CK提高了59.74%,K含量、叶绿素含量在豌豆间作下显著高于其余处理。豌豆间作能显著提高新新2号核桃侧径、单果质量、仁质量、果壳缝合力、壳厚度及果实蛋白质含量,油菜间作下可显著提高新新2号单果质量、果壳缝合力、壳厚度、果实蛋白质及脂肪含量。【结论】综合绿肥间作翻压后土壤中营养含量变化,以及叶片、果实品质性状等方面的因素,新新2号核桃园间作豌豆效果优于油菜,而油菜优于紫云英。

关键词核桃;新新2号;绿肥;土壤营养;果实品质

绿肥是利用绿色植物体制成的肥料[1]。绿肥中的幼嫩茎叶含有丰富的营养元素,通过在土壤中进行充分的腐解,能够为土壤提供大量的有机质、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁以及多种微量元素[2]。绿肥翻压后可提升土壤生物的活性、改善土壤微生物群落结构、增加土壤孔隙度及提高含水率、抑制土壤有害病菌,促进其养分元素的循环利用,从而培肥土壤[3-4]。绿肥可替代部分化肥和农药,不仅能降低土壤污染,还能节能减排、减少水肥流失,从而改善作物的农业生态环境[5]。研究表明,种植绿肥能有效提高土壤有机质含量[6-9],增加生物固氮量,提高土壤的全氮及碱解氮含量,同时能富集吸收土壤中的K,提高土壤全钾和速效钾的含量,并且有利于土壤有机磷含量的积累[8,10-12]。植绿肥可提高碱性土壤的缓冲力,使土壤的pH值不因碱性物质过多而发生剧烈变化,并减缓土壤中可溶性盐分在土壤表层积聚[7],多数绿肥还田后还能进一步降低土壤pH 值[12-14],有效地缓解了土壤碱化的加剧。植株吸收积累的养分数量充分反映了绿肥的营养价值,生物量大、养分含量高、养分积累量大的绿肥翻压后能为土壤补充更多养分,培肥效果好[15]。试验表明,果园种植苜蓿绿肥能够活化K、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 矿质元素,显著提高土壤Ca的含量和(Ca+Mg)/K的比率,能够增强养分的平衡能力[16]。同时,果园间作绿肥不仅能改善土壤的温湿度环境、果树的叶片质量、光合性能,还可有效地增强树势,提高果实的产量及品质[17-18]

近年来随着市场核桃价格的回落,果农对有机肥的投入逐渐减少,再加上新疆核桃果园在传统栽培模式中多以裸露地面较为多见,地面旋耕遵循“一水一耕”的习惯方式,长年累月造成果园小气候高温、干燥,果园虫害发生频繁,土层生物量减少,土壤表面板结加剧等问题,严重影响了核桃植株的健康生长,进而影响核桃产量及品质的提升。本试验通过在新新2号核桃行间套种油菜、豌豆、紫云英3种不同的绿肥模式,探讨不同绿肥间作翻压后对新新2 号核桃性状及土壤培肥的作用,为其适宜的绿肥间作模式提供理论依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料

连续2 a(年)(2020—2021年)以新疆早实核桃品种新新2号为试材(株行距5 m×6 m),树龄19 a,选择树冠、树势、整齐度基本一致的条田进行试验,供试树体健壮、无病虫害,以开心形树形为主,平均666.7 m2干果产量维持在200~260 kg。绿肥种类设油菜、豌豆、紫云英3 种,清耕条田为对照(CK)。绿肥间作要求在核桃树行两侧种植同一绿肥,距离树主干1 m间距,每处理规模按2000 m2计,每处理3次重复。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 绿肥处理 4 月14 日,对试验地块进行旋耕(含CK),撒播油菜、豌豆、紫云英3 种绿肥种子,2~3 cm湿润土覆盖。6月20日,3种绿肥均进入初花、盛花期,此时对试验地块及CK 进行深翻(40 cm)。CK 的园间管理同绿肥处理一致,在翻压绿肥的同时,将杂草深翻入土、分解。

1.2.2 形态指标测定 8 月上旬,对不同绿肥间作下核桃叶片面积、周长(Yaxin-1242叶面积仪测定)、百叶鲜干质量等指标进行测定。9月底核桃采收晾干后,测定果实的单果质量、仁质量、缝合力(弹簧拉压试验机SD-5000测定)、壳厚等形态指标。

1.2.3 生理指标测定 在绿肥翻压30 d(快速腐解期)、60 d(中速腐解期)时,分别对土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量等指标进行测定。8月中旬,对绿肥间作下新新2号核桃叶片N、P、K、叶绿素含量等进行测定。9 月下旬果实采收后,对新新2号果实品质其他性状进行测定。

借助PinAAcle 900F 火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定土壤中有机质(LY/T 1237—1999)、N(LY/T 1228—2015)、水解性氮(LY/T 1228—2015)、P(LY/T 1232—2015)、有效磷(LY/T 1232—2015)、K(LY/T 1234—2015)、速效钾含量(LY/T 1234—2015)。叶片N(LY/T 1269—1999)、P(LY/T 1270—1999)、K(LY/T 1270—1999)含量测定同样借助PinAAcle 900F 火焰原子吸收分光光度计。利用8400 型全自动凯氏定氮仪等测定果实蛋白质含量(GB 5009.5—2016),利用DHG-9038A 型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱测定果实脂肪含量(GB 5009.8—2016),利用SPAD-502 plus 测定叶绿素含量。

1.3 数据分析

主要运用SPPS 24.0 软件、Excel 2007 对试验数据进行分析处理。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同处理对土壤营养含量的影响

绿肥播种前、绿肥翻压30 d、60 d后分别对不同处理的土壤营养含量进行测定,结果表明,不同绿肥间作试验,各处理间土壤营养含量变化存在差异。有机质含量变化在不同处理过程中基本趋于一致,紫云英处理在播种前、翻压30 d、60 d后均显著高于其余处理,而油菜处理均显著最低。翻压30 d 后,CK 处理下土壤有机质含量(w,后同)相比播种前减少了0.40 g·kg-1,而油菜、豌豆、紫云英间作处理分别增长0.40、0.30、0.10 g·kg-1(图1)。随着翻压时间的推移,各绿肥间作下土壤有机质含量逐渐减少。4种处理在翻压30 d后,土壤中全氮含量均有所增加,但随着时间的推移均又减少,增减值范围维持在0.01~0.07 g·kg-1,如图2 所示。在翻压30 d 后,油菜、豌豆、紫云英处理下土壤水解性氮含量分别增加了7.60、17.80、15.30 mg·kg-1,而CK处理下土壤水解性氮含量减少了14.20 mg·kg-1,翻压60 d后4种处理土壤水解性氮含量相比播种前,均不同程度的减少,如图3所示。

图1 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤有机质含量的影响
Fig.1 Effects of soil organic matter content under different green manure intercropping

图2 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤全氮含量的影响
Fig.2 Effects of soil total nitrogen content under different green manure intercropping

图3 不同绿肥处理间作对土壤水解性氮含量的影响
Fig.3 Effects of soil hydrolysable N content under different green manure intercropping

播种前,CK处理下土壤全磷含量达到0.88 g·kg-1,显著高于油菜处理,但在翻压30 d 后,两者已无显著差异;翻压60 d后,油菜、紫云英、豌豆处理均显著高于CK处理(图4)。翻压30 d后紫云英、豌豆间作处理下土壤有效磷含量均有所增加,分别增加了5.30 mg·kg-1、2.00 mg·kg-1,而CK 处理则减少了9.18 mg·kg-1,60 d后有效磷含量仅在紫云英处理下略高于播种前(图5)。播种前各处理间土壤全钾含量差异并不明显,但翻压30 d后,油菜、豌豆、紫云英处理下全钾含量分别增加3.50、1.30、0.60 g·kg-1,达到了23.60、21.80、21.40 g·kg-1,均显著高于CK 处理。翻压60 d后,油菜处理下土壤全钾含量为21.30 g·kg-1,显著高于其余处理,豌豆和紫云英两者间无显著差异,但仍显著高于CK 处理(图6)。4 种处理在播种前、翻压30 d、60 d时土壤速效钾含量变化整体趋于一致,即豌豆处理显著高于油菜处理,而油菜又显著高于紫云英和CK处理。随着时间的变化,各处理下土壤速效钾含量均在不断减少(图7)。豌豆翻压60 d后,土壤pH 值有所升高,显著高于其余处理,但pH值仅升高了0.16(图8)。

图4 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤全磷含量的影响
Fig.4 Effects of soil total phosphorus content under different green manure intercropping

图5 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤有效磷含量的影响
Fig.5 Effects of soil available phosphorus content under different green manure intercropping

图6 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤全钾含量的影响
Fig.6 Effects of soil total potassium content under different green manure intercropping

图7 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤速效钾含量的影响
Fig.7 Effects of soil available potassium content under different green manure intercropping

图8 不同绿肥间作处理对土壤pH 值的影响
Fig.8 Effects of soil pH under different green manure intercropping

2.2 不同绿肥间作方式对叶片性状及营养含量的影响

油菜、紫云英、豌豆3种绿肥间作模式之间,新新2号核桃叶面积、周长均无显著差异,但在油菜、紫云英2 种处理下新新2 号叶面积均显著大于CK,分别高出5.29%、4.88%;在豌豆、紫云英间作下叶片周长分别高出CK处理33.68%、26.37%(表1)。豌豆间作下新新2号叶片长宽比为1.77,显著高于其他间作模式。新新2号核桃百叶鲜、干质量在豌豆间作下可达到340.64 g、115.12 g,比CK 分别提高了13.07%、20.71%,均显著高于其余3种处理。4种处理间叶片干鲜比值无显著差异,比值维持在0.32~0.34。

表1 不同绿肥间作处理对新新2 号核桃叶片性状的影响
Table 1 Effect of different green manure intercropping treatments on leaf trait of Xinxin 2 walnut

注:同列数字后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。
Note:Different small letters after the number in the same column indicate significant difference at p<0.05.The same below.

处理Treatment对照CK油菜Rape豌豆Pea紫云英Chinese milk vetch叶面积Area/cm2 118.97±1.58 b 125.26±1.95 a 122.93±0.97 ab 124.78±2.01 a周长Perimeter/cm 73.95±4.55 b 82.38±6.98 ab 98.86±5.94 a 93.45±6.31 a长宽比Length-width ratio 1.54±0.03 b 1.60±0.04 b 1.77±0.02 a 1.53±0.03 b百叶鲜质量100-leaf fresh weight/g 301.27±3.72 b 296.90±1.98 b 340.64±2.69 a 305.06±1.84 b百叶干质量100-leaf dry weight/g 95.37±3.83 b 99.79±1.82 b 115.12±4.27 a 97.15±3.72 b干鲜比值Dry-fresh leaf ratio 0.32±0.01 a 0.34±0.01 a 0.34±0.01 a 0.32±0.01 a

新新2 号核桃叶片N 含量在豌豆、油菜间作下达到最高,分别达到26.00 g·kg-1、25.80 g·kg-1,两处理间无显著差异,但均显著高于CK 及紫云英处理(表2)。叶片P 含量在油菜间作下达到最高,为2.46 g·kg-1,比CK 提高了59.74%,显著高于豌豆及紫云英处理;CK 最低,仅为1.54 g·kg-1。叶片K 含量在4种处理间均存在显著差异,豌豆、油菜及紫云英绿肥间作下叶片K 含量均显著高于CK 处理,分别提高了43.62%、29.79%、23.40%。豌豆间作处理下新新2 号叶片叶绿素含量达到53.74,比CK 处理提高了6.00%,显著高于油菜、CK、及紫云英处理。油菜间作下新新2 号叶片叶绿素含量与CK 无显著差异,但均显著高于紫云英处理。

表2 不同绿肥间作处理对新新2 号核桃叶片营养含量的影响
Table 2 Effect of different green manure intercropping treatments on leaf nutrient content of Xinxin 2 walnut

处理Treatment对照CK油菜Rape豌豆Pea紫云英Chinese milk vetch w(N)The content of N/(g·kg-1)25.40±0.05 b 25.80±0.04 a 26.00±0.08 a 24.90±0.11 c w(P)The content of P/(g·kg-1)1.54±0.07 c 2.46±0.13 a 2.14±0.12 b 1.88±0.08 b w(K)The content of K/(g·kg-1)9.40±0.11 d 12.20±0.09 b 13.50±0.07 a 11.60±0.11 c叶绿素SPAD Chlorophyll 50.70±0.59 bc 51.84±0.39 b 53.74±0.51 a 49.83±0.34 c

2.3 不同绿肥间作方式对果实品质性状的影响

新新2号核桃果实的纵、横径在4种处理间均无显著差异,但豌豆间作下新新2号果实侧径比CK提高了1.91%,达到34.13 cm,显著高于其余处理,如表3 所示。新新2 号单果质量在豌豆和油菜处理间无显著差异,比CK 分别提高了17.13%、11.80%,均显著高于紫云英和CK处理。核桃仁质量在豌豆间作下达到7.38 g,显著高于油菜、紫云英及CK处理,而三者之间无显著差异。紫云英间作和CK处理下新新2号出仁率分别达到60.51%、60.20%,两者间无显著差异,但均显著高于油菜及豌豆间作处理(表3)。新新2号核桃缝合力在豌豆和油菜间作处理下分别达到108.20 N、102.04 N,均显著高于CK 及紫云英处理,但两者无显著差异。在豌豆和油菜间作处理下,新新2 号核桃壳厚度分别达到1.33 mm、1.29 mm,两者间无显著差异,但均显著高于CK及紫云英间作处理,分别比CK处理提高了27.88%、24.04%。新新2号果实蛋白质含量在豌豆和油菜间作处理下无显著差异,分别达到193.00 g·kg-1、192.00 g·kg-1,均显著高于紫云英及CK处理。在紫云英、油菜间作模式下,新新2 号果实脂肪含量分别达到653.00 g·kg-1、652.00 g·kg-1,分别比CK 高出2.35%、2.19%,两者之间无显著差异,但均显著高于豌豆及CK处理。

表3 不同绿肥间作处理对新新2 号核桃果实品质性状的影响
Table 3 Effect of different green manure intercropping treatments on fruit quality traits of Xinxin 2 walnut

处理Treatment对照CK油菜Rape豌豆Pea紫云英Chinese milk vetch纵径Vertical diameter/cm 39.13±0.27 a 39.18±0.22 a 39.50±0.25 a 39.90±0.31 a横径Transverse diameter/cm 32.38±0.17 a 32.00±0.16 a 32.33±0.15 a 32.40±0.15 a侧径Side diameter/cm 33.49±0.14 b 33.52±0.17 b 34.13±0.16 a 33.36±0.13 b单果质量Fruit weight/g 11.27±0.19 b 12.60±0.29 a 13.20±0.28 a 11.29±0.19 b仁质量Kernel weight/g 6.77±0.10 b 6.86±0.11 b 7.38±0.13 a 6.84±0.15 b处理Treatment对照CK油菜Rape豌豆Pea紫云英Chinese milk vetch出仁率Kernel percent/%60.20±0.59 a 54.89±0.95 b 56.09±0.63 b 60.51±0.73 a缝合力Sewn together/N 85.81±4.38 b 102.04±3.60 a 108.20±4.60 a 80.79±3.54 b壳厚Shell thickness/mm 1.04±0.03 b 1.29±0.02 a 1.33±0.02 a 1.03±0.03 b w(蛋白质)Protein content/(g·kg-1)174.00±2.09 b 192.00±2.98 a 193.00±1.61 a 178.00±2.24 b w(脂肪)Fat content/(g·kg-1)638.00±2.02 c 652.00±1.30 a 644.00±2.66 b 653.00±1.84 a

3 讨 论

绿肥植物也需要从土壤中获取大量的养分,只有绿肥植物对土壤养分的增加量大于从土壤中获取的养分量时,才会起到培肥地力、促进果树生长的作用[6]。同一块试验地在相同的管理模式下,土层表面所生杂草并不均匀,杂草越旺盛,翻压腐解后越有利于土壤营养的积累、转化,而土壤营养越丰富,越有利于杂草的生长,长年累月造成了土壤中养分含量的差异,因此在绿肥翻压后按照营养含量增减的多少来评价绿肥效果更为确切。绿肥腐解均分为快速腐解期(0~30 d)、中速腐解期(30~60 d)、缓慢腐解期(60~120 d)3 个时期[19],且绿肥的腐解速率均在15 d内较快,且累积腐解率均大于50%[20],腐解30 d后释放率均在80%以上[21]。试验结果表明,绿肥翻压30 d后,油菜、豌豆、紫云英处理下土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾及速效钾的总含量比播种前分别提高了3.88、1.69、0.83 g·kg-1,而CK 处理则减少了1.31 g·kg-1,说明这3 种绿肥在翻压处理后均能起到培育肥力的作用,供核桃树体吸收,而自然生杂草则消耗掉了土壤中大量的养分。随着绿肥翻压后时间的推移,土壤中营养含量的增值是递减的,在翻压60 d后,土壤营养含量增值整体趋于负值,说明紧靠一次绿肥生长季的翻压,还不能满足后期土壤营养对核桃树体的供给。翻压30 d时,3种绿肥间作下土壤有机质含量均有所增加,与张志强等[7]、朱亚琼等[8]、刘冲等[9]、谭英爱等[11]、唐红琴等[22]研究结果一致,其中油菜最高提升了3.85%。不同绿肥处理中土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮含量均有不同程度的增加,其中紫云英间作下水解性氮含量提高了27.97%、油菜间作下全钾含量提高了17.41%、豌豆间作下全磷含量提高了11.76%,与朱亚琼等[8]、李红燕等[23]、牛雅琼等[4]、高玲等[24]研究结果相一致。绿肥翻压30 d时,土壤中有效磷含量仅在紫云英和豌豆处理下有所增加,分别增长了14.64%、5.56%。土壤中速效钾能直接影响作物生长[7],3种绿肥处理下土壤中速效钾含量均有所减少,可能与核桃植株及时吸收有关。绿肥间作下土壤pH值均与CK无显著差异,但整体呈微弱上升的趋势,且增量均小于CK增量。有研究认为绿肥翻压后,土壤pH有微弱下降[13-14,25],但也有研究认为不同牧草在压青后对土壤pH值有不同的影响[7],绿肥与秸秆配合还田有利于提高丘陵地区土壤pH值[26]

翻压绿肥可显著增大猕猴桃叶面积[4]和烤烟最大叶宽、叶长度、叶面积[25,27],以及增厚春雪桃叶片[18],本试验结果与前人研究相似,3 种绿肥间作处理能显著提高新新2 号核桃叶面积、叶片周长,较CK 分别提高了3.33%~5.29%、11.40%~33.68%。新新2 号百叶鲜、干质量在豌豆间作翻压下显著高于油菜及紫云英处理,说明不同绿肥处理间核桃百叶鲜、干质量存在差异。不同绿肥处理对新新2 号核桃叶片中N、P、K含量影响不同,叶片P含量在油菜处理下比CK 显著高出59.74%,K 含量在豌豆处理下比CK显著高出43.62%。本试验中豌豆处理下叶片叶绿素含量显著高于其他处理,而油菜及紫云英处理与对照差异显著,说明并不是所有的绿肥翻压均能显著提高新新2号叶片叶绿素含量。这与王孝娣等[18]研究结论既有相似又有不同,而连续2 年翻压绿肥,蜜汁葡萄叶绿素含量可显著高于翻压1年[28]。绿肥间作和水肥一体化技术应用于果树生产,能够显著提高土壤肥力、改善果实品质[29],研究表明,种植翻压山黧豆绿肥并减施氮肥处理可提高水稻产量13.84%[30],翻压绿肥可显著增加猕猴桃单果质量和产量[4],增大春雪桃的单果质量[18],有效提高苹果单果质量、降低果实硬度、提高果实口感[17]。本试验中,豌豆翻压处理可显著提高新新2 号核桃侧径及仁质量,同时豌豆、油菜2种处理均能显著提高新新2号单果质量、果壳缝合力、壳厚度及果实蛋白质含量,可明显提高新新2号核桃的产量和品质。

4 结 论

根据每种绿肥间作翻压后土壤中营养的积累量,结合新新2号核桃叶片性状及营养含量、果实品质性状等方面的综合表现,在新新2 号核桃行间套种翻压豌豆绿肥效果优于油菜,而油菜优于紫云英。

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Effects of intercropping with green manures on soil nutrients and traits of Xinxin 2 walnut

NING Wanjun1,ZHANG Qiang1,HUANG Minmin1*,LIU Xuli2

(1Research Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;2Xinjiang Vocational and Technical College of Construction,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

Abstract:【Objective】The effects of different green manure intercropping and overturning treatments on soil nutrients and traits of Xinxin 2 walnut were studied in order to establish suitable green manure intercropping pattern for improving walnut quality,orchard soil fertility and orchard ecological environment.【Methods】Three green manure plants, rape, pea and Chinese milk vetch, were interplanted between rows of Xinxin 2 walnut trees.They were turned over at initial blooming or full blooming stage.30 days and 60 days after turning over,soil nutrient contents were determined.In August,the leaf traits of Xinxin 2 walnut under different treatments were determined,and the character and quality of mature fruit were tested at the end of September.【Results】The results showed that the change pattern of soil nutrient content was different under different green manure intercropping and overturning treatments.At 30 d after overturning, intercropping with all the three manure plants increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolytic nitrogen and total potassium initially,but decreased them in later periods, and finally caused a lower nutrient level than before green manure sowing.The soil organic matter content increased by 0.40 g·kg-1,0.30 g·kg-1 and 0.10 g·kg-1 by intercropping with rape,pea and Chinese milk vetch,respectively;hydrolytic nitrogen by 7.60 mg·kg-1,17.80 mg·kg-1 and 15.30 mg·kg-1,respectively; and total potassium content by 3.50 g·kg-1, 1.30 g·kg-1 and 0.60 g·kg-1, respectively.60 days after pea green manure was overturned,the pH of the soil increased and became higher than that in the rest treatments, but pH only increased by 0.16.30 days after rape, pea and Chinese milk vetch were overturned,the total value of soil nutrient content increased significantly by 3.88 g·kg-1,1.69 g·kg-1 and 0.83 g·kg-1,respectively.However in CK,it decreased by1.31 g·kg-1.Among the three green manure intercropping modes, there were no significant differences in leaf area and perimeter.The leaf area was 5.29% and 4.88% higher than CK in rape and Chinese milk vetch intercropping, respectively.The hundred-leaf fresh weight and dry weight of Xinxin 2 walnut reached 340.64 g and 115.12 g under pea intercropping,respectively,which were 13.07%and 20.71%higher than CK,respectively,and significantly higher than those in the other treatments.There was no significant difference in the dry-fresh ratio of walnut leaves among different treatments, which was between 0.32 and 0.34.The nutrient content of leaf showed significant differences among different green manure intercropping.The leaf N content under pea and rape intercropping was 26.00 g·kg-1 and 25.80 g·kg-1, respectively and highest among all treatments.There was no significant difference between the two treatments.The leaf P content under rape intercropping was 2.46 g·kg-1, which was 59.74% higher than that of CK and significantly higher than in pea and Chinese milk vetch intercropping.The leaf K content under pea,rape and Chinese milk vetch treatment was significantly higher than that in CK, and increased by 43.62%, 29.79% and 23.40%,respectively.The chlorophyll content of Xinxin 2 leaves reached 53.74 under pea intercropping treatment, 6.00% higher than CK.It was higher than CK and intercropping with rape or Chinese milk vetch.The longitudinal and transverse diameters of Xinxin 2 walnut fruits showed no significant difference among the four treatments.However,pea intercropping could significantly increase fruit lateral diameter by 1.91% (34.13 cm), significantly higher than the other treatments.Both pea and rape treatments could significantly improve the single fruit quality of Xinxin 2 walnut, they were 17.13% and 11.80%higher than CK,respectively.The kernel weight reached 7.38 g under pea intercropping,which was significantly higher than that in the other treatments.The shell thickness of Xinxin 2 walnut was 1.33 mm and 1.29 mm under pea and rape intercropping treatments, respectively.There were 27.88%and 24.04%higher than CK,respectively.The protein content of Xinxin 2 fruit was not significantly different between pea and rape intercropping,which had a protein content of 193.00 g·kg-1 and 192.00 g·kg-1,respectively.The fat content of Xinxin 2 fruit reached 653.00 g·kg-1 and 652.00 g·kg-1under Chinese milk vetch and rape intercropping, respectively.They were 2.35% and 2.19% higher than CK, respectively,and also significantly higher than pea intercropping treatment.【Conclusion】According to the accumulation of nutrients in the soil after each green manure treatment,as well as leaf traits,nutrient content, and fruit quality traits, intercropping with pea is the best, followed in order by rape and Chinese milk vetch for Xinxin 2 walnut orchard.

Key words:Walnut;Xinxin 2;Green manure;Soil nutrients;Fruit quality

中图分类号S664.1

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2022)11-2124-09

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20220251

收稿日期2022-05-27

接受日期:2022-06-22

基金项目新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展补助资金(XJLYKJ-2021-11)

作者简介宁万军,男,副研究员,硕士,主要从事核桃良种选育及高效集约化栽培技术研究。Tel:13659953253,E-mail:ningwanjun@yeah.net

*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:13999236575,E-mail:30481658@qq.com