中国野生燕山葡萄VyCIPK9基因的克隆与功能分析

刘砚璞1,2,肖 雪1,赵建明1,朱自果3*

1河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡 453003;2河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心,河南新乡 453003;3山东葡萄研究院,济南 250000)

摘 要:目的】类钙调磷酸酶B互作蛋白激酶(CBL-interacting protein kinase,CIPK)是一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,在干旱、低温等非生物逆境的信号传递中起着重要的作用。以中国野生燕山葡萄(Vitis yeshanensis‘Yanshan’)为材料,筛选到1个CIPK转录因子,暂命名为VyCIPK9(登录号:MK942080),探究其特性与功能。【方法】利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术分析VyCIPK9基因在葡萄不同组织器官及不同诱导下的表达模式,同时构建VyCIPK9基因植物表达载体,将VyCIPK9基因转化到烟草中,探究盐胁迫处理下VyCIPK9基因过表达对转基因烟草种子、幼苗和植株生长发育及其生理特性的影响。【结果VyCIPK9基因在葡萄不同组织器官中特异表达,主要在老叶中高度表达;VyCIPK9 基因对吲哚乙酸(indole acetic acid,IAA)、茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)诱导和盐胁迫响应强烈;在盐胁迫条件下,VyCIPK9转基因烟草种子发芽率均比野生型烟草高、幼苗生长状况均比野生型烟草效果好;植株生长4周后,测定其生理生化指标,发现VyCIPK9转基因烟草植株生理生化指标中相对电导率、脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性均高于野生型烟草植株,这说明盐胁迫下VyCIPK9转基因植株受到的伤害程度小于野生型烟草植株。【结论】过表达VyCIPK9基因可以增强转基因烟草植株的耐盐性,为进一步了解VyCIPK9基因在葡萄抗非生物逆境胁迫中的作用提供了一定的理论依据。

关键词葡萄;VyCIPK9基因;植物生长调节剂;非生物胁迫;基因表达;功能分析

葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)为葡萄科葡萄属木质藤本植物,是世界上最古老的果树树种之一,世界各地均有栽培。近年来,无论是栽培面积和产量,还是优质高效标准化的栽培模式及管理技术,我国葡萄种植业都取得了迅猛发展,葡萄产业已成为许多果农的致富产业和经济支柱[1]。目前,栽培葡萄品种多数是欧洲葡萄,产量高,品质好,但抗逆性差。近年来一些非生物胁迫如干旱胁迫以及土壤盐渍化等严重影响了葡萄生产过程中的产量和品质,造成葡萄种植面积减少[2-4]

类钙调磷酸酶B 互作蛋白激酶(CBL-interacting protein kinase,CIPK)是植物特有的蛋白激酶,属于SnRK3家族[5]。近年来研究发现,CIPK基因主要参与到植物逆境响应中,如干旱、高盐以及低温等,CIPK 基因功能的研究主要包括调节植物生长发育以及应答环境胁迫等方面[6]。Kim 等[7]研究ATCIPK3 转基因拟南芥植株在外源脱落酸、低温、高盐及干旱处理下的生长发育情况后发现,ATCIPK3 基因主要参与外源脱落酸和低温处理过程,相对表达量变化较大。Tripathi 等[8]研究发现,CIPK6 基因参与调节植物生长发育过程;Huertas等[9]研究发现,过表达CIPK24基因的番茄增加了耐盐性。He等[10]研究发现,CIPK6转基因棉花植株表现出对多种非生物胁迫的耐性。由此可见,CIPK基因在植物应对外界非生物胁迫方面扮演重要角色[11]。目前,关于CIPK 基因的研究主要集中在水稻、棉花和玉米等大田作物上[12-14],关于果树方面特别是葡萄CIPK 基因功能的报道还比较少[15-16]。原产我国的中国野生葡萄种质资源燕山葡萄(Vitis yeshanensis‘Yanshan’),具有极强的抗寒、抗盐和抗旱性[4]。笔者前期从燕山葡萄中筛选到1个CIPK转录因子,暂命名为VyCIPK9(登录号:MK942080)。笔者在本试验中主要构建VyCIPK9基因植物表达载体,利用叶盘法转化本氏烟,获得VyCIPK9转基因烟草,对盐处理下VyCIPK9转基因烟草种子、幼苗和植株萌发、生长发育和生理机制开展研究,解析Vy-CIPK9转基因烟草植株耐盐性的生理机制。本研究为今后挖掘葡萄抗性基因资源和培育具有耐盐性的优良葡萄新品种提供了一定的理论依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料

中国野生燕山葡萄(Vitis yeshanensis‘Yanshan’)保存于河南科技学院葡萄种质资源圃。燕山葡萄为当年生扦插苗,移栽于20 cm×30 cm 的花盆中,于2021年7月中旬选取长势一致、无病虫害盆栽燕山葡萄苗,进行不同植物生长调节剂及非生物胁迫处理。烟草材料为本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)。

不同植物生长调节剂处理:0.5 mmol·L-1吲哚乙酸(indole acetic acid,IAA)、0.1 mmol·L-1 6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-benzylaminopurine,6-BA)、0.1 mmol·L-1赤霉素(gibberellin acid 3,GA3)、3 mmol·L-1乙烯利(ethephon,Eth)、0.1 mmol·L-1水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、0.05 mmol·L-1茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)和0.1 mmol·L-1脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA),共计7种植物生长调节剂,喷施燕山葡萄植株叶片,于处理0、3、6、9、12、24、48和72 h后收集样品,每个处理设置相应的喷无菌水为对照[4]

不同非生物胁迫处理:材料为燕山葡萄植株,(1)低温处理:4 ℃低温(光照培养箱16 h光照/8 h黑暗,光照度36 μmol·m-2·s-1)处理,处理0、1、3、5、7、9、11、13和15 d后采集葡萄植株中部成熟叶片;(2)干旱胁迫处理:燕山葡萄盆栽土壤含水量为50%(w)时进行干旱处理,处理0、1、3、5、7、9、11、13 和15 d 后采集葡萄植株中部成熟叶片;(3)盐胁迫处理:200 mmol·L-1 NaCl 浇灌燕山葡萄植株,以盆底有溶液流出为度,处理0、1、3、5、7、9、11、13 和15 d后采集葡萄植株中部成熟叶片[3-4]。每组处理均随机选取不同盆栽苗采样,采集后的叶样品迅速放入液氮速冻后置于-80 ℃超低温冰箱保存。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 VyCIPK9基因克隆及表达特性的分析 十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)/酚法提取葡萄和烟草不同组织器官RNA,用Nanadrop2000C型核酸定量仪(美国Thermal 公司)和1%(w,后同)琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其浓度和完整性。采用Prime-ScriptTM Ⅱ1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit试剂盒(Ta-KaRa,日本)进行第1链cDNA的合成,以其为模板,通过特异引物进行实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)反应,检测VyCIPK9 基因在燕山葡萄不同组织器官、不同植物生长调节剂和非生物胁迫下的表达水平[17]

1.2.2 VyCIPK9 基因过表达载体的构建和转基因烟草植株的获得 利用PCR 循环系统扩增目的基因片段,并将其克隆到PMD18-T 载体中。转化大肠杆菌细胞,采用消除法筛选阳性单克隆细菌,将细菌扩增培养提取质粒。双酶切后,用1%琼脂凝胶电泳检测质粒,并进行序列确认。克隆载体经SalⅠ和BstEⅡ内切酶消化后插入到过表达载体pCAMBIA1301 中,得到最终的过表达载体pCAMBIA1301:VyCIPK9,将VyCIPK9 基因转入烟草,获得阳性VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)。

1.2.3 VyCIPK9转基因烟草种子萌发和幼苗生长指标的测定 灭菌清洗VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草种子后,在MS培养基中进行培养,5 d后移植到含有150、250 mmol·L-1 NaCl的MS培养基中进行盐胁迫处理,在25 ℃、16 h光照和8 h 黑暗条件下发芽生长,7 d 后测定发芽率。发芽率(%)=发芽种子数/播种种子总数×100。12 d后测量幼苗根长度、株高度和鲜质量。

1.2.4 VyCIPK9 转基因烟草生理生化指标的测定VyCIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草在150 mmol·L-1 NaCl 处理下,在25℃、16 h 光照和8 h黑暗条件下继续生长,4周后测定其生理生化指标。

相对电导率(relative conductivity)使用电导率仪(DDS-308A 型电导仪,上海雷磁)进行测定和计算,相对电导率(%)=初电导值/终电导值×100。采用分光光度计法测定叶绿素(chlorophyll)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量(检测试剂 盒 编 号 分 别 为BC0990、BC0290、BC0020、BC5160、BC0090、BC0200 和BC3590;北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。

1.3 数据统计分析

借助Office Excel 2010 进行数据分析,处理均设置3 次重复,试验数据以[平均值±标准差(SD)]表示。

2 结果与分析

2.1 VyCIPK9基因的表达分析

2.1.1 VyCIPK9基因在葡萄不同组织器官中的特异表达分析 利用qrt-PCR 技术对VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄不同组织器官中特异表达进行分析,结果发现,VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄老叶中相对表达量最高,果实中最低,相对表达量大小的顺序依次为老叶>花>根>正常叶>茎>幼叶>果实(图1)。

图1 VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄不同组织器官中的特异表达分析
Fig.1 Specific expression analysis of VyCIPK9 gene in different tissues and organs of Yanshan grape

数据以平均值±SD 表示;*表示差异显著(p<0.05),**表示差异极显著(p<0.01)。下同。
The data were expressed as mean ± SD; * indicates the difference was significant (p<0.05), ** indicates the difference was extremely significant(p<0.01).The same below.

2.1.2 不同植物生长调节剂处理下VyCIPK9基因在葡萄中的表达分析 VyCIPK9基因的相对表达量随时间变化呈现不同表达模式。VyCIPK9基因的相对表达量在7 种植物生长调节剂诱导下,在0~48 h 均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。在6-BA、GA3诱导下,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量在6 h 最大;在MeJA 诱导下,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量在9 h 最大;Eth、IAAhe SA 诱导12 h,相对表达量最大;ABA 诱导下,Vy-CIPK9基因相对表达量在24 h最大;其中,VyCIPK9基因对乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯的响应最敏感,最高相对表达量约为对照的11.84倍和9.86倍(图2)。

图2 不同植物生长调节剂处理下VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄中相对表达量的变化
Fig.2 Changes of VyCIPK9 gene expression in Yanshan grape treated with different plant growth regulators

2.1.3 不同非生物胁迫处理下VyCIPK9基因在葡萄中的表达分析 为进一步明确VyCIPK9基因对逆境的响应模式,对4 ℃低温、干旱胁迫和200 mmol·L-1 NaCl 盐胁迫下基因在葡萄中的相对表达量进行分析。由图3可以看出,随着低温处理时间的延长,Vy-CIPK9基因相对表达量受低温影响而出现变化,与对照(0 d)相比,低温处理后不同时间内VyCIPK9基因相对表达量均低于对照,特别是在15 d,VyCIPK9基因相对表达量仅为对照相对表达量的0.03 倍;随着干旱处理时间的延长,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量受干旱影响而出现变化,与对照(0 d)相比,干旱处理5~15 d,VyCIPK9基因相对表达量明显低于对照,特别是在11 d,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量仅为对照相对表达量的0.2倍;随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长,Vy-CIPK9 基因相对表达量受盐胁迫影响而出现变化,与对照(0 d)相比,盐胁迫处理下,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量逐渐上升,盐胁迫处理3~9 d,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量均高于对照,在处理9 d 达到最高峰,约为对照相对表达量的4.96 倍,而后逐渐降低。不同非生物胁迫处理后,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量受盐胁迫响应变化较大。

图3 不同非生物胁迫处理下VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄中相对表达量的变化
Fig.3 Changes of VyCIPK9 gene expression in Yanshan grape treated with different abiotic stress

2.2 盐胁迫处理下VyCIPK9 基因过表达对转基因烟草种子萌发和植株生长发育的影响

2.2.1 VyCIPK9基因过表达对盐胁迫下转基因烟草种子萌发的影响 将野生型烟草和VyCIPK9转基因烟草进行盐胁迫处理,观察并统计烟草种子发芽率。从图4-A可以看出,在空白MS培养基(CK)上,野生型烟草和VyCIPK9转基因烟草种子发芽情况没有明显的差别。而盐胁迫处理下,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)种子发芽率均明显高于野生型烟草。从图4-B 可以看出,在空白MS 培养基(CK)上,野生型烟草和VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)种子的发芽率均超过95%,差异不明显。VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)种子在含150 mmol·L-1 NaCl 盐胁迫MS 培养基上生长7 d 后,发芽率明显高于野生型烟草种子发芽率(23.33%),分别达到51.67%、53.33%和50.11%;VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)种子在含250 mmol·L-1 NaCl 的MS 培养基上生长7 d 后,发芽率明显高于野生型烟草,但是总体均低于150 mmol·L-1 NaCl 盐胁迫处理下种子的发芽率。上述结果说明,在盐胁迫处理下,过表达VyCIPK9基因可以提高烟草种子的萌发率。

图4 不同浓度NaCl 处理对烟草种子萌发的影响
Fig.4 Effects of NaCl at different concentrations on tobacco seed germination

A.VyCIPK9 转基因烟草和野生型烟草在对照和不同浓度NaCl 胁迫下种子的萌发情况;B.VyCIPK9 转基因烟草和野生型烟草在对照和不同浓度NaCl 胁迫下种子的发芽率。
A.Seed germination of VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco and wild-type tobacco under control and different concentrations of NaCl stress;B.The seed germination rate of VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco and wild-type tobacco under control and different concentrations of NaCl stress.

2.2.2 VyCIPK9 基因过表达对盐胁迫下转基因烟草幼苗根长度、苗高和鲜质量变化的影响 将野生型烟草和转基因烟草幼苗进行盐胁迫处理,观察烟草幼苗的生长状况,在空白MS 培养基(CK)上野生型烟草和转基因烟草幼苗生长的状况基本一致(图5-A)。在空白MS 培养基(CK)上,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)幼苗根长度、株高度和鲜质量变化不大,差异不显著(图5-B~D)。施加不同浓度NaCl 盐胁迫处理会不同程度影响烟草幼苗根长度。以野生型烟草幼苗为对照,Vy-CIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)幼苗在含150 mmol·L-1 NaCl 盐胁迫的MS培养基上生长12 d后,根长度分别为23.13、22.72 和22.10 mm,均显著高于野生型烟草根长度(16.30 mm,p<0.05);鲜质量则分别为0.035、0.038 和0.035 g,均高于野生型烟草幼苗鲜质量(0.023 g);而VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)株高度却显著低于野生型烟草(p<0.05);幼苗在含250 mmol·L-1 NaCl 盐胁迫的MS 培养基上生长12 d 后,根长度、鲜质量和株高度与野生型烟草相比,变化趋势一致,但是均低于150 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理。上述结果说明,在盐胁迫处理下过表达VyCIPK9 基因可以改变烟草幼苗的生长发育。

图5 不同浓度NaCl 处理对烟草幼苗生长的影响
Fig.5 Effects of NaCl at different concentrations on tobacco growth

A.VyCIPK9 转基因烟草和野生型烟草在不同浓度NaCl 盐胁迫下幼苗根和植株生长发育情况;B~D.VyCIPK9 转基因烟草和野生型烟草在不同浓度NaCl 盐胁迫下幼苗根长度、株高度和鲜质量。
A.The growth and development of seedling roots and plants of VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco and wild-type tobacco under control and different concentrations of NaCl; B-D.Root length, plant height and fresh weight of VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco and wild-type tobacco seedlings under control and different concentrations of NaCl stress.

2.2.3 VyCIPK9基因过表达对盐胁迫下转基因烟草植株生理指标的影响 从图6 可以看出,在正常生长条件下(0 d),VyCIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植株和野生型烟草植株叶片的叶绿素含量差异不大;盐胁迫处理10 d后,转基因烟草和野生型烟

图6 VyCIPK9 基因过表达对盐胁迫(150 mmol·L-1)下烟草植株生理指标的影响
Fig.6 Effects of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment on tobacco plant physiological indexes

草植株叶片叶绿素含量均下降,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植株叶片叶绿素含量(w,后同)分别为1.313、1.427 和1.267 mg·g-1,显著高于野生型烟草叶片叶绿素含量(0.983 mg·g-1)(图6-A)。从图6-B可以看出,在对照(0 d)条件下,VyCIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株叶片的Pro 含量差异不大;盐胁迫处理10 d 后,Vy-CIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株叶片Pro 含量均升高,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植株叶片Pro 含量分别为598.847、611.897和598.940 μg·g-1,显著高于野生型烟草植株叶片Pro 含量(301.397 μg·g-1)。从图6-C和图6-D 均可以看出,在正常生长条件下(0 d)下,VyCIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株叶片的相对电导率、MDA 含量差异均不大;盐胁迫处理10 d 后,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植株叶片相对电导率、MDA含量均显著低于野生型烟草。

2.2.4 VyCIPK9 过表达对盐胁迫下转基因烟草植株保护酶活性的影响 从图7-A 可以看出,在正常生长条件下(0 d),VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株SOD 酶活性差异不大;盐胁迫处理10 d 后,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株SOD 酶活性均下降,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植 株 的SOD 酶 活 性 分 别 为656.46、670.527、632.447 U·g-1,显著高于野生型烟草植株的SOD酶活性(461.65 U·g-1)(p<0.05)。从图7-B 和图7-C 均可以看出,在正常生长条件下(0 d),VyCIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株的POD 酶活性、CAT 酶活性差异均不大;盐胁迫处理10 d 后,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)POD 酶 活 性、CAT 酶 活 性 与 之 前SOD 酶活性出现相同的变化趋势,均显著高于野生型烟草植株POD 酶活性、CAT 酶活性(p<0.05)。从图7-D 可以看出,在正常生长条件下(0 d),Vy-CIPK9 转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)和野生型烟草植株H2O2含量差异不大;盐胁迫处理10 d 后,转基因烟草和野生型烟草植株H2O2含量均升高,Vy-CIPK9转基因烟草(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)植株H2O2含量(b,后同)分别为20.880、20.727和20.250 mmol·g-1,与野生型烟草植株H2O2含量(28.420 mmol·g-1)相比显著下降。这说明VyCIPK9 基因过表达提高了盐胁迫下转基因烟草植株保护酶活性,降低了H2O2 含量,VyCIPK9 转基因烟草植株受到的伤害较轻。

图7 VyCIPK9 基因过表达对盐胁迫(150 mmol·L-1)下烟草植株保护酶活性的影响
Fig.7 Effect of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment on tobacco plant biochemical indexes

3 讨 论

时空表达特异性即基因在发育时间和组织空间上的表达特异性可以为探究一个基因的功能提供初步线索。余义和等[18]研究发现VvCIPK10 基因在京秀葡萄根和叶中均高表达。闫朝辉等[19]研究发现VvCIPK13 基因和VvCIPK14 基因在佳丽酿葡萄卷须中相对表达量最高。路志浩等[20]研究发现VvCIPK15 基因在红宝石无核葡萄根中相对表达量最高。这些有关CIPK 基因在植物器官、组织或细胞中表达的研究,有助于进一步了解CIPK 基因自身的功能以及作为优异基因资源应用到其他相关研究当中。本试验也通过实时定量PCR 技术对其组织特异性进行分析,发现VyCIPK9 基因在葡萄根、茎、叶、花、果实中均有表达,在老叶中表达最高。

植物生长发育过程中会受到激素和各种环境的调控[21-22]。前人研究发现不同植物的CIPK 基因易受到不同植物生长调节剂和逆境的调控,相对表达量出现较大变化,如余义和等[18]研究发现,葡萄的VvCIPK10基因能够响应干旱、低温和盐胁迫;闫朝辉等[19]研究发现,葡萄CIPK13 基因和CIPK14 基因均响应多种激素、高盐和干旱胁迫;路志浩等[20]研究发现,葡萄VvCIPK15基因在脱落酸、盐和低温处理下相对表达量均升高。本试验研究发现,Vy-CIPK9 基因受到乙烯、茉莉酸甲酯和高盐胁迫处理后,相对表达量均升高。本试验研究结果和前人研究发现的CIPK 基因受到生物生长调节剂和环境刺激后相对表达量出现变化且变化趋势为升高的结果一致。

CIPK基因普遍存在于各类植物中,在植物多种非生物胁迫抗性中起着重要作用[23-25]。魏国强等[26]用25、50 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理黄瓜幼苗,发现植株高度、鲜质量和干质量均降低。刘萌等[27]盐胁迫试验表明,野生型大豆的生长显著受到盐胁迫的抑制,而转基因大豆幼苗的生长状况优于野生型大豆。当细胞受到氧化伤害时,植物体通过抗氧化酶系统(如SOD酶、POD酶、CAT酶等)和其他物质清除植物体内累积的活性氧物质,降低自由基对生物高分子的破坏,从而保证植物的正常生长。Essa[28]研究发现,200 mmol·L-1 NaCl 水培处理下,烟草植株中SOD酶、POD 酶、CAT 酶含量在处理1 d 时显著增加;这说明在盐胁迫下SOD酶活性增强,有助于清除多余的活性氧,保证植物正常的生长发育;同时,这也可能是烟草对盐逆境的一种防御机制,以减少自身受到的伤害。Deng 等[29]研究发现,小麦TaCIPK29 基因在烟草植株中过量表达,提高了转基因烟草过氧化物酶活性,增强了转基因植株的耐盐性。Niu等[30]研究发现,苹果MdCIPK6 基因在拟南芥中过量表达,提高了转基因烟草活性氧含量等相关指标,也增强了转基因植株的耐盐性。本试验为了进一步验证VyCIPK9 基因的功能,构建了VyCIPK9 基因的表达载体,将VyCIPK9基因转化烟草,测定幼苗和成苗植株的相关指标。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下转基因烟草种子发芽率较高和幼苗生长效果较好,生长4周后的植株,随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长,VyCIPK9转基因烟草植株叶片的叶绿素、Pro 含量和氧化酶活性均高于野生型烟草植株,相对电导率、MDA 含量和H2O2含量均低于野生型烟草植株(p<0.05)。这说明转基因烟草植株光合特性和抗逆能力均强于野生型烟草植株,受盐胁迫伤害低于野生型烟草植株,验证了CIPK基因有助于提高植株的耐盐性,本试验研究结果与前人研究结果均一致[26-30]

4 结 论

VyCIPK9基因在燕山葡萄各个组织器官中均有表达,主要在葡萄老叶中大量表达。在不同植物生长调节剂和非生物胁迫处理后,VyCIPK9 基因相对表达量均发生变化。通过转基因烟草技术,本研究验证了VyCIPK9基因有助于提高转基因烟草植株的耐盐性。本研究为进一步研究葡萄CIPK基因参与逆境胁迫的分子功能,以及为探讨葡萄抗逆分子机制提供了一定的参考。

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Cloning and functional analysis of VyCIPK9 gene in Chinese wild grape(Vitis yeshanensis‘Yanshan’)

LIU Yanpu1,2,XIAO Xue1,ZHAO Jianming1,ZHU Ziguo3*
(1School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China;2Henan Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;3Shandong Academy of Grape,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China)

Abstract:【Objective】CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinase) is a class of serine/ threonine kinases that play an extremely important role in signaling abiotic adversities such as drought and high salt.Yanshan grape (Vitis yeshanensis), a Chinese wild grape originating in Shanhaiguan, Hebei Province, has strong resistance to cold, salt and drought.It was used as the material to study the characteristics and functions of the CIPK gene of V.yeshanensis‘Yanshan’in order to provide a clue for excavating grape CIPK genes and breeding new grape cultivars with abiotic stress resistance in the future.【Methods】The 1-year old Yanshan nursery plants propagated bu cutting were transplanted in 20 cm×30 cm pots.The plants were treated with plant growth regulator and abiotic stress.The treatments of plant growth regulators were:0.5 mmol·L-1 of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),0.1 mmol·L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA), 0.1 mmol·L-1 of gibberellin acid (GA3), 3 mmol·L-1 of ethephon (Eth), 0.1 mmol·L-1 of salicylic acid (SA), 0.05 mmol·L-1 of methyl jasmonate (MeJa), respectively, the samples were taken 0, 3, 6, 9,12,24,48,and 72 hours after spraying on the leaves of the plants.The treatments of abiotic stress were:(1)low temperature treatment:the whole plant of Yanshan grape was subjected to 4 ℃low temperature(kept in light incubator with 16 h in light/8 h in dark,light intensity 36 μmol·ms-1);(2)Drought stress treatment: when the soil water content of Yanshan grape plants in pots was 50%, drought treatment start;(3)Salt stress treatment:200 mmol·L-1 NaCl was used to irrigate the Yanshan grape plant,and the degree of solution outflow from the basin bottom was taken as the degree.All three abiotic stress treatments were carried out for 0,3,5,7,9,11,13 and 15 days.The leaves of mature Yanshan grapes in the mid of wines were collected, and then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in-80 ℃ultra-low temperature refrigerator for standby.The tissue specificity was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR.The expression patterns of grape under abiotic stress(low temperature,salt and drought)induced by different tissues and organs and different plant growth regulators were analyzed;the plant expression vector of the VyCIPK9 gene was constructed.The VyCIPK9 gene was transformed into tobacco to verify function.After the seeds of the VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)and wild-type tobacco were sterilized and cleaned, they were first cultured in MS medium.After 5 days, they were transplanted into MS medium containing 150 mmol·L-1 and 250 mmol·L-1 NaCl for salt stress treatment.The seeds germinated and the plants grew at 25 ℃,with 16 hours in light and 8 hours in dark.The germination rate was measured 7 days after the treatment.The root length (mm), plant height (mm) and fresh weight(g)of seedlings were measured 12 days after the treatment.The VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco(OE#1,OE#2,OE#3)and wild-type tobacco continued to grow under the treatment of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl at 25 ℃, 16 h in light and 8 h in dark.Those plant physiological and biochemical indexes were measured 4 weeks after the treatments.The relative conductivity was measured and calculated by conductivity meter(DDS-308A,Shanghai Leici).The content of chlorophyll,proline,malondialdehyde,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)were measured by spectrophotometer(Beijing Solabao Technology Co.,Ltd.).【Results】The expression of the Vy-CIPK9 gene was the highest in the old leaves.The expression of the VyCIPK9 gene increased first and then decreased at 0-48 h induced by the seven plant growth regulators,and was most sensitive to ethylene and methyl jasmonate.The VyCIPK9 gene responded greatly to the salt stress under 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatments,which laid a foundation for the verification of VyCIPK9 gene function under different concentrations of the salt stress.The VyCIPK9 gene was transferred into tobacco.It was found that seed germination rate and seedling growth of transgenic tobacco were better under salt stress.The physiological and biochemical indexes of transgenic tobacco were measured 4 weeks after the treatments.The physiological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic tobacco were stronger than those of the wild tobacco.With the extension of the salt stress treatment time,the chlorophyll and proline contents of the VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than those of the wild tobacco (p<0.05), and the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde contents were significantly lower than those of the wild tobacco(p<0.05),indicating that the photosynthetic characteristics and stress resistance of transgenic tobacco plants were stronger than those of wild tobacco,and the damage caused by the salt stress was lower than that of the wild tobacco.The oxidase activity of the VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco was significantly higher than that of the wild tobacco (p<0.05), and the content of H2O2 was significantly lower than that of chlorophyll in the wild tobacco(p<0.05).It showed that the higher oxidase of the VyCIPK9 transgenic tobacco could help to reduce the content of H2O2,so as to reduce the damage of the salt stress.【Conclusion】The overexpression of the VyCIPK9 gene would enhance the salt tolerance of the transgenic tobacco plants.

Key words:Grape;VyCIPK9 gene;Plant growth regulators;Abiotic stress;Gene expression;Functional analysis

中图分类号:S663.1

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2022)10-1748-11

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20220188

收稿日期2022-04-12

接受日期:2022-05-19

作者简介刘砚璞,女,讲师,硕士,主要从事园艺植物资源评价及设计利用。Tel:15736901089,E-mail:yanpuliu2020@163.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:18815382177,E-mail:Zguoshu@163.com