外源褪黑素对葡萄常温贮藏品质和生理特性的影响

史星雲1,王 莉1,徐珊珊2,李艳冬1,殷益明1*

1湖州市农业科技发展中心(湖州市农业科学研究院),浙江湖州 313000;2湖州市双林镇公共事业服务中心,浙江湖州 313000)

摘 要:【目的】明确褪黑素对鲜食葡萄常温贮藏品质及生理特性的影响。【方法】以红地球葡萄为试验材料,分别用0、50、100、200和500 μmol·L-1的褪黑素溶液浸泡0.5 h,自然晾干并用PE保鲜袋扎口包装,置于温度(25±0.5)℃和相对湿度75%±5%条件下贮藏28 d,测定了葡萄的失重率、落粒率、腐烂率、硬度和可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量等采后贮藏品质以及丙二醛含量、超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢含量和抗氧化物酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)活性等生理指标。【结果】不同浓度褪黑素处理均可以抑制葡萄的落粒和腐烂,延缓果穗水分的散失,其中以200 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理效果最好。与对照相比,200 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理可以减缓果实硬度的下降,抑制果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的降低,并保持维生素C含量,进而使葡萄保持较好的品质;同时,褪黑素能够通过增强4种抗氧化酶活性,抑制超氧阴离子产生速率和过氧化氢含量的上升,延缓丙二醛含量的积累,从而延缓葡萄果实的衰老。【结论】外源褪黑素可以延缓葡萄采后衰老,提高葡萄采后贮藏品质。

关键词:红地球葡萄;褪黑素;果实品质;贮藏保鲜

葡萄(Vintis vinifera L.)是重要的水果之一,味美可口,营养保健价值极高,富含糖酸、多种矿物质和维生素以及花色苷、单宁和白藜芦醇等酚类物质[1-2],深受广大消费者青睐。葡萄属于非呼吸跃变型果实[3],因其高含糖量和薄皮等特点,加上采收时大多时间正处于夏季,采后生理代谢旺盛,衰老进程较快,且在收获、物流和采后处理等过程中极易受到伤害,这些都是贮藏保鲜所面临的问题和挑战。贮藏保鲜是实现鲜食葡萄周年供应、调节供需矛盾和促进果品生产的重要环节,对于葡萄贮藏保鲜生理机制的研究,不仅有利于贮藏保鲜技术的提高和改善,而且还将推动葡萄产业的健康可持续发展。

褪黑素(melatonin),于1958年从牛的松果体中首次分离出来,并于1995 年在可食植物中被发现[4-5]。褪黑素作为一种新型的多功能信号分子和天然植物激素,近年来在采后贮藏保鲜中得到广泛研究和关注[6]。研究表明,褪黑素处理可抑制桃果实质量损失及呼吸作用,增强果实抗氧化活性,最终有效减缓桃果实衰老[7];外源褪黑素处理可以提高草莓果实内过氧化氢的含量,过氧化氢可以作为抗病信号分子从而激活果实防御反应,进而抑制果实腐烂并维持采后贮藏品质[8-9],同时褪黑素处理对草莓大多香气物质含量没有影响,但延缓了果实变质和减少了二氧化碳产生[10]。此外,褪黑素对荔枝[11-13]、苹果[14]、甜樱桃[15-16]、猕猴桃[17]、杏[18-19]、李[20]和香蕉[21]等众多水果均有一定保鲜作用。但褪黑素对采后常温贮藏葡萄果实的调控机制报道较少。因此,笔者在本试验中以红地球葡萄为试材,研究不同浓度外源褪黑素处理对葡萄果实常温贮藏期间采后品质及生理生化的影响,以期为进一步探讨褪黑素处理葡萄果实贮藏期间衰老机制提供理论依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试验材料

试验材料红地球葡萄,采摘于甘肃省武威市凉州区谢河镇叶家村红地球葡萄种植基地内一个管理良好的棚内,挑选穗形整齐、大小与色泽基本一致、无病虫害和机械损伤的成熟果实,保温箱包装好运回实验室,待用。将果实样品在0.2%的次氯酸钠溶液(NaClO)中浸泡5 min后,清水冲洗3次再用蒸馏水冲洗3 次,晾干;将果实随机分成5 组后分别用50、100、200和500 μmol·L-1褪黑素溶液浸泡30 min,以蒸馏水浸泡处理作为对照(CK),取出后在室温下晾干,每处理3次重复,每重复用9个果穗;每个果穗分别用PE保鲜袋(规格:25 cm×40 cm,20 μm厚)扎口包装并在袋上均匀扎8 针孔后,放置于培养室内贮藏,室内温度(25±0.5)℃,相对湿度75%±5%。每7 d测定葡萄的品质指标和生理指标,共测定5次。

1.2 测定指标及方法

失重率、落粒率和腐烂率均采用称重法测定,按照失重率(%)=(贮前质量-贮后质量)/贮前质量×100,落粒率(%)=落粒质量/果穗总质量×100,腐烂率(%)=腐烂果实质量/果穗总质量×100计算。

硬度采用手持GY-4型果实数显硬度计测定,单位kg·cm-2。可溶性固形物含量(SSC)采用PAL-福型手持数显糖度计进行测定,单位%。可滴定酸(TA)含量采用NaOH 滴定法进行测定,单位%。维生素C(Vc)含量采用菲咯啉比色法进行测定,单位mg·kg-1。以上指标测定参照曹建康等[22]的方法。

丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定,单位mmol·g-1。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性采用氮蓝四唑光还原法测定,单位U·g-1·h-1。过氧化物酶(POD)活性采用愈创木酚法测定,单位μg·g-1·min-1。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性采用紫外吸收法(240 nm)测定,单位U·g-1·min-1。抗坏血酸氧化物酶(APX)活性采用分光光度法(290 nm)测定,单位U·g-1·min-1。超氧阴离子()产生速率采用羟胺法测定,单位nmol·g-1·min-1。过氧化氢(H2O2)含量采用分光光度法测定(415 nm),单位μmol·g-1。以上指标测定参照曹建康等[22]的方法。

1.3 数据处理

采用Microsoft Excel 2007 分析整理数据和SPSS 20.0 软件Duncan’s 新复极差法进行显著性分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同浓度褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄果实失水、落粒和腐烂的影响

如表1 所示,褪黑素处理对葡萄果穗失重率具有一定的抑制作用,且不同处理之间存在显著性差异(p <0.05)。在常温贮藏28 d 时,对照组的果穗失重率最高,达23.55%,但褪黑素50、100、200 和500 μmol·L-1处理的果穗失重率比对照分别降低了28.65%、42.01%、53.77%和23.92%,且褪黑素200 μmol·L-1处理果穗失重率低于其他4 个处理,效果优。

表1 不同浓度褪黑素处理对常温贮藏28 d 的葡萄失重率、落粒率和腐烂率的影响
Table 1 Effect of different melatonin treatments on weight loss,abscission and decay rates of grape at room temperature

注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间存在显著性差异(p <0.05)。
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicated significant differences among treatments(p <0.05).

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葡萄贮藏期间,会出现腐烂和落粒现象,且随着贮藏时间的延长呈现上升趋势[23]。由表1 可以得出,褪黑素处理有效降低了红地球葡萄果实腐烂率和落粒率,且5 个处理间存在显著性差异(p <0.05)。与对照相比,50、100、200 和500 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理果实落粒率分别是对照组的78.09%、74.70%、53.56%和88.54%,同时腐烂率分别比对照降低了37%、69%、117%和25%,并且褪黑素200 μmol·L-1处理效果最为显著(p <0.05)。

由以上失重率、落粒率和腐烂率3 个指标结果可见,较其他4 个处理,200 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理失重率、落粒率和腐烂率3个指标均最低,对保持葡萄果实品质和延缓衰老进程的效果最好,因此,在以下的试验结果中均以200 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理组与对照组进行比较分析。

2.2 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄果实SSC和TA含量的影响

由图1可知,在贮藏28 d内,葡萄果实SSC变化趋势为先逐步升高然后逐渐降低,在第14天出现峰值;而TA 含量则随着贮藏时间逐渐下降;褪黑素处理的葡萄果实中SSC 和TA 含量均显著高于同时期对照组(p <0.05,但第7 天时除外),褪黑素处理可以有效保持葡萄果实中SSC和TA的含量。在第28天时,相比于贮藏初期(0 d),对照的SSC和TA含量分别下降了22.02%和51.09%,而褪黑素处理的SSC和TA含量分别下降了14.18%和37.23%。以上分析表明,褪黑素处理可以有效地抑制葡萄果实中SSC和TA 的降解,进而有利于葡萄果实贮藏品质的保持。

图1 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏葡萄SSC 和TA 含量的影响
Fig.1 Effect of melatonin treatment on SSC and TA contents in grape at room temperature

*表示同时期处理间存在显著性差异(p <0.05);**表示同时期处理间存在极显著性差异(p <0.01)。CK. 对照;MT.褪黑素。下同。
*. Significant differences between groups at the same time (p <0.05); **. Extremely significant differences between groups at the same time(p <0.01).CK.Control;MT.Melatonin.The same below.

2.3 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄硬度和Vc含量的影响

由图2 可以看出,在0 到28 d 里,葡萄果实硬度随着贮藏期的延长一直下降,但褪黑素处理的葡萄果实硬度均显著高于同时期对照组(p <0.05)。贮藏7 d 时,褪黑素处理与对照果实硬度差异显著(p <0.05);14~28 d 时,两处理间果实硬度差异性达到了极显著水平(p <0.01)。与对照相比,处理7、14、21 和28 d 时,褪黑素处理葡萄果实硬度分别比同时期对照组提高了4.82%、16.67%、17.64%和30.21%。由以上可知,褪黑素处理可以有效地维持葡萄果实硬度,提高其采后品质。

图2 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏葡萄硬度和维生素C 含量的影响
Fig.2 Effect of melatonin treatment on firmness and vitamin C content of grape at room temperature

Vc含量不但是重要的水果营养品质指标,而且也是体内重要的抗氧化物质,葡萄果实中含有丰富的Vc[24]。由图2可知,在整个常温贮藏期间,葡萄果实中的Vc含量一直在降低;褪黑素处理的葡萄果实中Vc含量均高于同时期对照组,且两处理间存在显著性差异(第7 天除外)(p <0.05)。相比于0 d,在处理7 d 时对照和褪黑素处理的Vc 含量分别下降了14.07%和11.25%。在处理28 d 时,褪黑素处理的Vc 含量是对照的1.24 倍,且二者之间存在极显著差异(p <0.01);相比于0 d,对照和褪黑素处理的Vc 含量分别下降了49.88%和38.06%。由此可见,褪黑素处理可以有效地维持葡萄果实中Vc 含量。

2.4 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄果实MDA含量的影响

由图3可以看出,在0~28 d贮藏期间,两处理葡萄果实中MDA 含量均表现出逐步上升的趋势,但褪黑素处理组MDA 含量低于对照组,明显抑制了MDA含量的上升。在处理7、14、21和28 d时,对照的MDA 含量分别是褪黑素处理组的1.17 倍、1.17倍、1.57倍和1.65倍,二者差异性均达到了显著水平(p <0.05)。以上结果表明,葡萄常温贮藏过程中褪黑素处理能明显抑制膜脂质过氧化进程,降低膜脂过氧化对细胞膜的损伤,延缓果实的衰老过程。

图3 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏葡萄MDA 含量的影响
Fig.3 Effect of melatonin treatment on MDA content in grape at room temperature

2.5 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄果实4种抗氧化酶活性的影响

由图4可知,随着常温贮藏时间的延长,两组葡萄果实中POD、CAT和APX活性整体变化趋势表现为先增强后降低,其中CAT活性最强时是在第7天,而SOD和APX则在第14天;同时,POD活性持续升高;且对照组的抗氧化酶活性始终低于同时期褪黑素处理组。在处理7、14、21 和28 d 时,褪黑素处理组SOD 活性分别是同时期对照组的126.83%、138.33%、134.07%和120.34%,且二者间7~21 d时差异极显著(p <0.01),但第28天时,二者之间无显著性差异(p >0.05)。在处理7、14、21和28 d时,褪黑素处理组POD 活性分别是同时期对照组的1.27、1.17、1.48 和1.19 倍,且它们之间差异显著(p <0.05)。在处理7、14、21 和28 d 时,褪黑素处理组CAT 活性分别比同时期对照组提高了16.79%、26.33%、19.81%和47.39%,并且二者之间差异极显著(p <0.01,但第21 天除外)。在处理7、14、21 和28 d时,褪黑素处理组APX活性分别是同时期对照组的1.30 倍、1.15 倍、1.11 倍和1.16 倍,且二者之间差异显著(p <0.05)。以上结果表明褪黑素处理有效提高了葡萄果实中SOD、CAT、POD 和APX 等4 种抗氧化酶活性,减少了活性氧代谢带来的损害。

图4 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏葡萄果实SOD、POD、CAT 和APX 活性的影响
Fig.4 Effect of melatonin treatment on the activities of SOD,POD,CAT and APX in grape at room temperature

2.6 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏红地球葡萄果实H2O2含量和·产生速率的影响

H2O2·是机体内具有强破坏力的活性氧,其过度积累会引起膜脂过氧化作用,从而加速果实衰老进程[25]。由图5 可以得出,在葡萄整个贮藏期间,两组葡萄果实H2O2含量均随采后贮藏时间的延长而表现出逐步上升的趋势,除了0~7 d外,其他贮藏期间褪黑素处理组葡萄果实的H2O2含量均低于同期对照组,且二者之间存在显著性差异(p <0.05)。在处理7、14、21 和28 d 时,褪黑素处理组葡萄果实的H2O2 含量分别是对照组的114.08%、80.77%、83.03%和73.39%。由图5 可以看出,常温下,随着葡萄贮藏时间的延长,葡萄果实的·产生速率整体呈现升高趋势,且对照组的·产生速率始终高于褪黑素处理组。在处理7、14、21 和28 d时,褪黑素处理组·产生速率分别比同时期对照组降低了15.82%、22.42%、15.45%和25.10%,且两处理间存在显著性差异(p <0.05)。这些结果说明褪黑素处理有助于抑制葡萄果实贮藏期间H2O2的积累,延缓细胞衰老速度,从而对葡萄具有一定的保鲜效应。

图5 褪黑素处理对常温贮藏葡萄H2O2含量和·产生速率的影响
Fig.5 Effect of melatonin treatment on H2O2 content and·production rate in grape at room temperature

3 讨 论

葡萄果实在采后贮藏中由于正常的代谢活动(如呼吸、蒸腾等)以及病原菌的感染等原因而逐步衰老,进而引起果实色泽、质地、风味和口感等一系列改变,同时失水萎焉、落粒、腐烂、干梗和褐变等是最直观的现象,直接影响葡萄的外观品质和商品价值[26-27]。本研究结果表明,与对照相比,褪黑素处理可以有效抑制贮藏期间葡萄果实失水、落粒和腐烂,保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,延缓Vc含量降低,从而保持了葡萄果实较好的品质。这与甜樱桃[15]、草莓[8,28]、香蕉[21]和梨[29]等水果上所获得的结果大体一致。乙烯与果实成熟和衰老密切相关,研究表明,适宜浓度褪黑素处理可以抑制采后青花菜、猕猴桃和红枣等果蔬乙烯的产生或者延缓乙烯高峰的出现,从而延缓其衰老[17, 30-32]。同时Zhai等[32]和Liu等[33]研究表明,褪黑素通过抑制与采后梨果乙烯合成相关基因的表达,进而降低乙烯含量,延缓了梨的衰老和软化,相似的结果在苹果[14]、香蕉[34]等果蔬中也得到了验证。但本研究未对乙烯含量、呼吸速率以及乙烯相关合成酶和基因等指标进行测定,在以后工作中将对褪黑素如何通过乙烯调控果实的采后衰老机制进行探究。

近些年国内外研究表明,褪黑素在果蔬采后保鲜方面的文献报道越来越多。比如褪黑素1 mmol·L-1喷洒处理红富士苹果后1 ℃冷藏[14]、0.1 mmol·L-1浸泡泰山早霞苹果20 min后室温贮藏[35],0.1 mmol·L-1浸泡鲜切梨5 min 后4 ℃冷藏[36]、0.1 mmol·L-1浸泡阿巴特和库尔勒香梨浸泡12 h 后4 ℃冷藏[37]、150 μmol·L-1 浸泡新梨7 号0.5 h 后20 ℃常温贮藏[29]、0.5 mmol·L-1喷洒鲜切杧果后15 ℃贮藏[38]、1000 μmol·L-1 浸泡杧果10 min 后15 ℃贮藏[39]、0.5 mmol·L-1浸泡贵妃杧果1 h 后25 ℃常温贮藏[40]等。本研究200 μmol·L-1褪黑素对浸泡处理的红地球葡萄常温贮藏效果显著,而Sun 等[41]研究表明0.5 mmol·L-1褪黑素浸泡处理峰早葡萄2 h 后24 ℃常温贮藏效果最佳,同时Wang 等[42]研究发现200 μmol·L-1褪黑素浸泡处理巨峰葡萄25 min后4 ℃冷藏下效果最优。以上试验结果充分说明褪黑素对果实贮藏保鲜效果因其种类、处理浓度、时间和方式以及外部环境等因素而异。因此在选用褪黑素处理果实时,应根据不同果实和不同品种等筛选适宜的处理方法。另外,褪黑素作为广泛存在于动植物中的天然活性分子[43-44],适量摄入对人体有益,且无副作用,其有望成为一种新型安全环保的保鲜剂[45-46]

果实中活性氧作为代谢产物会随着果蔬贮藏期的延长而不断积累,过量积累会加剧膜脂过氧化作用,进而使细胞膜受到伤害,同时也会激活自身氧化还原系统[47-48]。本研究结果表明,褪黑素处理能够有效抑制贮藏期间葡萄果实·和H2O2的积累,同时降低MDA含量,延缓膜脂过氧化进程,从而保护膜结构和功能完整性。这些结果与褪黑素处理桃果实[49]、杏果实[50]、荔枝果实[34]和荠菜[51]等果蔬的类似。果实内的氧化还原系统在清除体内活性氧中发挥着重要作用。Gao等[49]发现褪黑素可通过增强桃果实内抗氧化酶活性,降低·产生速率和H2O2含量水平,从而维持细胞内活性氧代谢平衡,减少脂质过氧化作用,最终延缓果实衰老。同时,Jannatizadeh[52]研究发现褪黑素处理石榴后,提高了果实中SOD、APX和CAT等酶活性,降低了H2O2含量,从而维持膜完整性,达到保鲜作用。以上结果与本研究结果类似。但也有人研究发现,褪黑素(100 μmol·L-1)处理草莓果实,其SOD活性增强,但CAT和APX活性反而降低,进而导致果实中H2O2的积累[9]。这也说明褪黑素调控果蔬保鲜机制之复杂,不同果蔬之间存在着差异。

果实内Vc、谷胱甘肽和多酚等物质可以直接清除活性氧,对减轻或缓解活性氧对机体毒害发挥着积极作用。本研究表明,贮藏期间褪黑素处理延缓了葡萄果实Vc含量的下降,这与褪黑素自身是一种强抗氧化剂有一定关系,因为它可以直接参与自由基清除[53-54],从而减少了Vc 含量等抗氧化物质的消耗,减轻活性氧带来的伤害。这与在草莓[55]、橙子[56]和枣[30]等果蔬上得出的结果相似。但也有研究表明,褪黑素处理草莓不利于Vc 含量的积累[57],与以上结果不一致。这也说明褪黑素调控果实非酶促抗氧化系统存在差异,可能与果蔬种类、使用浓度和处理条件等均存在关联。此外,外源性褪黑素处理采后果蔬可以有利于其内源性褪黑素的累积[8,15],也有利于其抗氧化能力的提高。

4 结 论

综上所述,不同浓度褪黑素处理均可以抑制葡萄的落粒和腐烂,延缓葡萄果实水分的散失,其中以200 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理效果最好,其可以延缓葡萄采后衰老,提高葡萄采后贮藏品质。

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Effects of exogenous melatonin treatment on storage quality and physiological characteristics of table grape at room temperature

SHI Xingyun1,WANG Li1,XU Shanshan2,LI Yandong1,YIN Yiming1*

(1Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center (Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang,China;2Shuanglin Town Public Service Center in Huzhou city,Huzhou 313000,Zhejiang,China)

Abstract:【Objective】Melatonin is a newly found plant hormone and multifunctional signal regulator in various organs, and has been extensively studied related to postharvest storage and preservation of horticultural crops in the recent years.Water loss,decay,browning or abscission may occur during storage of table grapes,bringing great losses to grape production.This study aimed to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment on quality and physiological characteristics of table grape at room temperature during postharvest storage.【Methods】Red Globe grape berries were taken as the material.The berry samples were first sterilized for 5 min with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and then washed for three times with tap-water and then with distilled.They were then soaked in solutions of 0,50, 100, 200 and 500 μmol·L-1. After drying naturally, the samples were packed with PE bags and stored at(25±0.5)℃with a relative humidity of 75%±5%for 28 days in the incubation chamber to determine the effects of melatonin treatment on the postharvest quality and physiological characteristics including rates of grape weight loss,abscission and decay,firmness,contents of soluble solids,titratable acid,and vitamin C as well as malondialdehyde,superoxide anion,hydrogen peroxide,and activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase).Except for fruit weight loss rate, abscission rate and decay rate, all the parameters were measured every 7 days.Weight loss rate (%) was calculated by the difference method. The abscission rate (%) was calculated according to the ratio between the weight of abscission and the total weight.The decay rate(%)was calculated according to the percentage of decay weight against total weight. The firmness (kg·cm-2) was determined at two opposite points on fruit equator with a GY-4 handheld digital hardness tester. The content of soluble solids(%)was determined with a PAL-Fu handheld digital sugar meter.The titratable acid content (%) was determined using the sodium hydroxide titration method. The content of vitamin C(mg·kg-1)was determined with the phenanthroline colorimetric method;the malondialdehyde content(mmol·g-1)with the thiobarbituric acid method.The activities of superoxide dismutase(U·g-1·h-1),peroxidase(μg·g-1·min-1),catalase(U·g-1·min-1)ascorbate oxidase(U·g-1·min-1)were determined with nitroblue tetrazolium photoreduction method,the guaiacol method,ultraviolet absorption method at 240 nm and.spectrophotometry at 290 nm,respectively.The production rate of superoxide anion(nmol·g-1·min-1)was determined with the hydroxylamine method, and hydrogen peroxide content (μmol·g-1) with the spectrophotometry method at 417 nm.【Results】Melatonin treatments at all concentrations could inhibit the abscission and decay of the berries and delay the water loss of fruit clusters due to lowed weight loss rate. There was significant difference among the five treatments. Compared with the control, the weight loss rate, abscission rate and decay rate were decreased by more than 20%, 10% and 25%, respectively by melatonin treatments.Among them,200 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment had the best effect on postharvest quality of table grape fruit.With the extension of storage time,the soluble solid content,and the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and ascorbate peroxidase first increased and then decreased in general,and the soluble solid content,superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities reached their maximum values on the 14th day but the peak of catalase activity was on the 7th day.Malondialdehyde content,peroxidase activity,hydrogen peroxide content and superoxide anion production rate showed a gradual increase trend, while titratable acid content, hardness and vitamin C content showed a gradual decrease trend. There was significant difference between 200 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment and the control.The peak values of soluble solid content,superoxide dismutase and the activities catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities of grape fruit in the 200 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment were 1.07-fold,1.38-fold,1.26-fold and 1.15-fold than the control,respectively.The titratable acid content,hardness vitamin C content,and peroxidase activity in the 200 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment were 22.09%, 19.07%, 30.21% and 19.34% higher on the 28th day, while the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production rate were 39.51%,26.61%and 25.10%lower than the control, respectively.【Conclusion】200 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment could slow down the decline of fruit firmness,inhibit the decrease of soluble solids and titratable acid contents,maintain the content of vitamin C, and thus is effective to maintain quality of grape during storage. Meanwhile, melatonin can delay the senescence of grape fruit by strengthening the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase,catalase and ascorbate peroxidase,inhibiting the increase of superoxide anion production rate,and delaying the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, exogenous application of melatonin is effective to delay postharvest senescence of table grape and improve grape postharvest storage qualities at room temperature.

Key words:Red Globe grape;Melatonin;Fruit quality;Storage and preservation

中图分类号:S663.1

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2022)07-1271-10

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20210690

收稿日期2022-01-06

接受日期:2022-03-01

基金项目湖州市公益应用研究项目(2019GZ19)

作者简介史星雲,男,农艺师,硕士,主要从事果树栽培生理与技术研究。Tel:18257231901,E-mail:shixingyunlove@163.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence.E-mail:1050420908@qq.com