8个杂交柑橘品种的糖酸组分含量及特征研究

林 媚1,姚周麟1,王天玉1,徐 阳2,徐建国1,张伟清1

1浙江省柑桔研究所,浙江台州 318020;2象山县农业经济特产技术推广中心,浙江宁波 315700)

摘 要【目的】明确8个新兴杂柑品种的糖酸组分及甜酸风味特征,为柑橘的品质评价及品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】分别采用离子色谱法和高效液相色谱法测定果实的糖、酸组成及含量,并以甜度值、甜酸比、糖酸比指标进行评价。【结果】可溶性总糖质量分数83.78~127.66 mg·g-1,蔗糖占总糖的41.54%~64.60%,葡萄糖与果糖含量接近。总酸质量分数6.28~10.70 mg·g-1,其中柠檬酸、苹果酸、莽草酸含量分别占总酸含量的45.58%~88.06%、7.84%~53.22%和1.14%~9.59%;‘春香’‘091沃柑’的苹果酸含量较高,‘黄美人’的莽草酸含量最高,‘红美人’的总甜度、甜酸比和糖酸比均为最高。以甜酸比、糖酸比对各品种品质评价排序较一致,固酸比偏差较大。【结论】‘黄美人’‘明日见’‘甘平’的糖以己糖与蔗糖的形式共同积累,其余以蔗糖为主;‘春香’和‘091沃柑’的苹果酸和柠檬酸比例相近,其余以柠檬酸为主。建议以甜酸比或糖酸比为杂柑类品质评价指标。

关键词杂交柑橘;品种;糖酸组分;含量特征;品质评价

柑橘是世界第一大类水果,也是我国南方栽培面积最广、经济地位最重要的果树,因具有特殊的色香味和较高营养价值深受消费者喜爱,目前,我国柑橘栽培面积及产量均居世界首位[1]。但我国的柑橘产业存在品种结构不合理、上市时间集中、鲜果不能周年供应市场等问题,因此选育优良的早、晚熟品种对中国柑橘产业的可持续发展至关重要[2]。杂交柑橘(杂柑)系柑橘种属间自然或人工杂交后代,多兼有柑、橘、橙或柚的营养、风味和果实易剥皮等特性,鲜食加工兼用,且种类繁多、品质各异,为目前柑橘品种结构调整的首选[3]。浙江是我国柑橘主产区之一,地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲南翼,受二三产业、气候、人工等方面的影响,柑橘产业逐渐朝着优质优价的精品方向发展,设施避雨和保温栽培、水肥一体化等新技术逐渐推广应用,发展了如‘红美人’‘甘平’‘春香’‘媛小春’‘春见’等优质品种,效益显著[4]

果实品质是评价水果品种优劣的重要依据,也决定着果品市场竞争力。糖酸是果实品质的核心因子,在对水果的风味进行评价时,除了通常的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量和固酸比指标外,果实的风味品质还受到糖酸的种类及其比例的影响。可溶性糖含量指标不能反映真实的甜度,因此,有必要通过糖组分含量、酸组分含量以及甜度(或甜味指数绝对值)/总酸、甜度值等指标进行综合评价[5-11]。目前已见一些关于苹果[12-14]、梨[15-16]、油桃[17]、越橘[18]、柠檬[19]等果实的糖酸组分相关研究,而对近几年引种的杂柑类品种研究则主要为植物学性状、生物学特性和栽培技术等方面,至于其果实发育中品质变化、糖酸组分特征及甜酸综合评价等研究报道极少[2,20],鉴于目前在浙江引种成功的一批优质杂柑类品种,其品质特性研究尚存空白,因此,笔者以浙江引种且表现良好的8 个杂交柑橘为试验材料,采用离子色谱技术和高效液相色谱技术分别对果实的糖酸组成和含量进行分析,同时结合甜度值、甜酸比、糖酸比指标进行评价,明确8 个杂交柑橘果实的糖酸组成、含量特征以及不同品种间的差异性,旨在为柑橘品种选育及品质评价提供理论依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 柑橘试材 采样试验地位于浙江省象山县晓塘乡顾家村柑橘品种园(象山甬红果蔬有限公司),供试品种均采用大棚避雨设施栽培,覆膜时间为10月初至7月上旬。供试品种分别为‘甘平’‘明日见’‘红美人’‘黄美人’‘春香’‘媛小春’‘091 沃柑’‘春见’等8个杂柑品种(表1)(2019年为暖冬天气,果实成熟期推迟10 d),基砧为枳壳,中间砧为尾张温州蜜柑,树龄15 a(年)。

表1 8 个杂交柑橘品种的采样日期
Table 1 The dates of sampling for eight citrus cultivars

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每个品种选取栽培管理条件一致、长势良好、处于盛果期的试验树3株。每株树冠外围不同方向随机选取大小一致、无病虫害的果实12 个,共计36 个果实,随机分成3组,即为3个重复。果实采后立即运回实验室,清水冲洗后用纱布吸干表面水分,去皮并将果肉匀浆制成试样待用。

1.1.2 试剂与仪器 甲醇HPLC 级,美国Fisher 公司;50%(w)氢氧化钠,阿法艾莎(中国)化学有限公司;磷酸HPLC级,Fluka公司;磷酸二氢钾HPLC级,德国Merck 公司。果糖标准品,中国计量科学研究院;葡萄糖、山梨醇、蔗糖和酒石酸标准品,Sigma公司;苹果酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸标准品,Chemservice公司;奎尼酸、莽草酸、草酸、乳酸和富马酸标准品,Aladdin公司。

离子色谱仪(美国戴安公司,ICS5000),配有电化学检测器;高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司,10A),配有紫外检测器;高速冷冻离心机(日本日立公司,CF16RXII);固相萃取仪(美国J2 公司,Preplinc platfurm);旋转蒸发仪(瑞士BUCH公司,R-210);超纯水机(美国MilliPore 公司,Milli-Q Direct 8);PA10 离子交换色谱柱[Dionex CarboPac PA10 Analytical(4 mm×250 mm)],保护柱为BioLC CarboPac PA10 Guard(4 mm×50 mm);反相色谱柱(上海月旭科技,LP-C18 4.6 mm×300 mm,5 μm);固相萃取小柱(Waters Oasis®HLB,200 mg·6CC-1)。

1.2 糖酸组分的测定

1.2.1 样液的制备 称5 g(精确至0.1 mg)试样,加去离子水25 mL,80 ℃水浴提取30 min,冷却后定容至50 mL,脱脂棉过滤。糖组分测定取滤液20 μL稀释至10 mL(酸组分测定取滤液1 mL 稀释至10 mL),再依次过Dionex OnGrard II1cc Cartridge固相萃取小柱和0.22 μm孔径滤膜。滤液待测。

1.2.2 糖组分的测定 采用离子色谱法测定[21],略有改动。采用离子色谱电化学检测器(Electrochemical Detector)标准四电位采集方式;色谱柱为PA10阴离子交换柱(4 mm×250 mm)和同款保护柱;柱温,30 ℃;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;进样量为10.0 μL;流动相A 为水,流动相B 为200 mmoL·L-1 NaOH ;梯度洗脱,B 液:0%(24 min)→24%(15 min)→90%(15.5 min)→90%(18 min)19 min 回到初始状态,平衡5 min。外标法定量。

1.2.3 酸组分的测定 采用液相色谱紫外分光光度法测定[22] ,略有改动。色谱柱为上海月旭科技LPC18色谱柱(4.6 mm×300 mm,5 μm)和同款保护柱;柱温40 ℃;流速0.5 mL·min-1;进样量10.0 μL;检测波长210 nm;流动相为KH2PO4缓冲液,用磷酸调节pH 为2.65[含0.5%(φ)甲醇]恒流,采集时间35 min。外标法定量。

1.3 可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的测定

可溶性固形物含量采用糖度计PAL-1 测定,可滴定酸含量采用酸碱滴定法测定。

1.4 柑橘风味分析

甜度值的计算方法以蔗糖甜度100,果糖甜度175,葡萄糖甜度75,山梨醇甜度40[23]。总甜度=蔗糖含量×100+果糖含量×175+葡萄糖含量×75+山梨醇含量×40。总糖含量=蔗糖+果糖+葡萄糖;总酸含量=苹果酸+柠檬酸+莽草酸+富马酸;甜酸比为总甜度/总酸,糖酸比为总糖/总酸。固酸比为可溶性固形物含量/可滴定酸含量。

1.5 数据处理

采用Microsoft Excel 2007 进行数据处理和绘图,SPSS 19.0 软件统计分析,LSD 多重检验样本间的差异显著性。

2 结果与分析

2.1 糖组分含量分析

8个杂柑品种果肉中共检测4种糖组分,其中山梨醇未检出(表2)。分析结果表明,本试验8个杂柑品种的果肉葡萄糖含量均呈差异显著,而果糖含量除‘媛小春’与‘春见’外,其余6 个品种间也表现显著差异(p <0.05)。这8 个杂柑品种的葡萄糖与果糖平均质量分数分别为15.05~34.43 mg·g- 1 和15.96~34.41 mg·g-1,对应的最高含量分别为最低含量的228.8%和215.6%,变异系数分别为80.62%和75.86%,‘黄美人’的葡萄糖与果糖含量均为最高,‘媛小春’的葡萄糖含量最低,‘春见’的果糖含量最低。再比较各品种葡萄糖/果糖的比值,范围0.92~1.04,平均值0.98,变异系数12.24%,说明各品种葡萄糖与果糖含量比较接近,果糖含量略高。

表2 8 个杂交柑橘果品种实中的可溶性糖含量(平均值±标准误差)
Table 2 The concentrations of soluble sugars in eight citrus cultivars(mean±SE)

注:同列不同小写字母代表不同品种间在0.05 水平上差异显著。下同。
Note:Different small letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different cultivars at p <0.05.The same below.

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8 个杂交柑橘品种果实的蔗糖质量分数为48.91~75.93 mg·g-1,除‘春见’和‘明日见’2 个品种外,其余6 个品种间均差异显著,含量最高的为‘红美人’杂交柑橘,比最低的‘黄美人’高出55.2%;只有‘红美人’‘春香’和‘091 沃柑’3 个杂交柑橘品种的蔗糖含量大于8 个品种的平均蔗糖质量分数59.17 mg·g-1。蔗糖含量的变异系数(45.67%)较葡萄糖、果糖低。

本试验的总糖含量为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖3 组分的总和,8 个杂柑品种的总糖质量分数为83.78~127.66 mg·g-1,变异系数为40.81%,除‘黄美人’和‘甘平’、‘091沃柑’和‘春香’2组外,其余各品种间差异显著。‘甘平’‘红美人’‘黄美人’和‘春香’的总糖质量分数均高于平均值107.53 mg·g-1,总糖含量最高的是‘红美人’,约为‘春见’(最低)的1.5倍。

2.2 糖组分比例分析

8 个杂柑品种果肉的葡萄糖、果糖及蔗糖含量分别与其可溶性总糖含量的比值如图1所示。比较这3 种糖在8 个品种间的比值,蔗糖是总糖含量的41.54%~64.60%,其中比值大于50%由高到低依次为‘媛小春’(64.60%)>‘春香’(63.95%)>‘春见’(62.27%)>‘红美人’(59.48%)>‘091 沃柑’(58.73%),而其余小于50%的3 个品种为‘甘平’(49.14%)>‘明日见’(45.38%)>‘黄美人’(41.54%),蔗糖比值越小意味葡萄糖、果糖比值越大。

图1 果实中各糖组分与总糖的比值
Fig.1 The proportion of each sugar component in fruits

8 个杂柑品种的葡萄糖、果糖比值分别为16.99%~29.24%和18.42%~29.22%,其中‘黄美人’葡萄糖、果糖比值分别最大,且同一品种的葡萄糖、果糖比值相近;以25%为界,‘黄美人’‘明日见’和‘甘平’3 个杂交柑橘的葡萄糖、果糖比值均大于25%,由于葡萄糖、果糖均为单糖(己糖),蔗糖为二元糖,因此‘媛小春’‘春香’‘春见’‘红美人’‘091沃柑’的糖分积累以蔗糖为主,而‘黄美人’‘明日见’和‘甘平’为己糖和蔗糖共同积累,通过葡萄糖、果糖的比值对进一步研究糖组分的积累具有一定的意义。

2.3 酸组分含量分析

对8 个杂柑品种品种果实进行了9 种水果常见有机酸(苹果酸、莽草酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、草酸、酒石酸、奎尼酸、琥珀酸、乳酸等)含量的检测,结果只检出苹果酸、莽草酸、柠檬酸、富马酸(含量很低)4 种(表3),柠檬酸含量最高,其次为苹果酸、莽草酸和富马酸。各品种间柠檬酸质量分数为2.86~9.21 mg·g-1,变异系数达111.40%,8个品种间均存在显著差异。柠檬酸含量从高到低排序为‘甘平’>‘明日见’>‘媛小春’>‘黄美人’>‘红美人’>‘春见’>‘091 沃柑’>‘春香’,其中最高‘甘平’为最低‘春香’的3.22倍。

表3 8 个杂交柑橘品种果实中的有机酸含量(平均值±标准误差)
Table 3 Concentrations of organic acids in eight citrus cultivars(mean±SE)

注:草酸、酒石酸、奎尼酸、琥珀酸、乳酸未检出且均未列入。
Note:Oxalic acid,tartaric acid,quinic acid,succinic acid,lactic acid were not detected and not listed.

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8个杂交柑橘品种果实中苹果酸质量分数为0.56~3.34 mg·g-1,变异系数高达181.08%,各品种间均差异显著,含量由高到低排序为‘春香’>‘091 沃柑’>‘红美人’>‘春见’>‘甘平’>‘明日见’>‘媛小春’>‘黄美人’,‘春香’中的含量是‘黄美人’的5.96倍。

莽草酸质量分数整体相对较低,为0.07~0.69 mg·g-1,平均质量分数为0.34 mg·g-1,变异系数为21.01%,‘黄美人’中含量最高,‘春香’最低,各品种间除‘媛小春’和‘红美人’外均差异显著;至于富马酸,各品种中质量分数极低,仅为0.37~2.11 mg·kg-1,平均质量分数为1.10 mg·kg-1

8 个杂柑品种果实的总酸质量分数为6.28~10.70 mg·g-1,变异系数为58.70%,平均质量分数为7.53 mg·g-1,‘甘平’和‘明日见’的总酸含量显著高于其他品种,且分别比平均含量高42.1%、16.2%。各品种的总酸含量由高到低排序为‘甘平’>‘明日见’>‘黄美人’>‘红美人’>‘媛小春’>‘春见’>‘091 沃柑’>‘春香’;进一步比较总酸与柠檬酸含量在这8 个品种间的高低排序,除了‘媛小春’外二者基本一致。

2.4 酸组分比例分析

8 个杂柑品种果实中有机酸组分占比如图2 所示,由于富马酸含量太低未列入。结果表明,8个品种的柠檬酸含量占总酸的45.58%~88.06%,苹果酸为7.84%~53.22%,同一个品种中柠檬酸和苹果酸的总占比均达90%以上。其中6个杂柑的柠檬酸占比高于75%,排序分别为‘媛小春’(88.06%)>‘明日见’(86.84%)>‘甘平’(86.09%)>‘黄美人’(82.55%)>‘红美人’(79.41%)>‘春见’(75.10%);而‘春香’和‘091 沃柑’的苹果酸占比较高,分别达53.22%和46.57%;各品种中均检测到莽草酸,但占比仅为1.14%~9.59%,为非主要有机酸组分,但‘黄美人’和‘春见’中的莽草酸比值相对较高。

图2 果实中各酸组分与总酸的比值
Fig.2 The proportion of each acid component in fruits

2.5 果实风味比较

果实风味除了受糖和酸组分含量的影响,在很大程度上也受总甜度、甜酸比、糖酸比的影响(表4)。8 个杂柑品种的总甜度值为918.35~1 403.70 mg·100 g-1,平均值为1 197.63 mg·100 g-1,各品种间差异显著,其中‘红美人’为最高,‘春见’最低;甜酸比指标除‘黄美人’和‘091 沃柑’、‘春香’和‘091 沃柑’2 组外各品种间差异显著,大小排序为‘红美人’>‘黄美人’>‘091 沃柑’>‘春香’>‘明日见’>‘媛小春’>‘春见’>‘甘平’,糖酸比大小排序为‘红美人’>‘春香’>‘091 沃柑’>‘黄美人’>‘明日见’>‘媛小春’>‘春见’>‘甘平’,二者经比较,除‘黄美人’和‘春香’不一致,其余品种的排序一致;而固酸比排序则为‘091沃柑’>‘春香’>‘黄美人’>‘红美人’>‘明日见’>‘春见’>‘媛小春’>‘甘平’,与甜酸比比较,除‘明日见’和‘甘平’2个品种外,其余6个品种均不一致,而与糖酸比比较,5个品种不一致,仅‘春香’‘明日见’和‘甘平’3 个杂柑一致,其变异系数(76.85%)较甜酸比(45.43%)、糖酸比(48.08%)为最大,其中‘红美人’与‘黄美人’、‘明日见’与‘春见’之间固酸比分析差异不显著而甜酸比、糖酸比为差异显著,因此,采用固酸比指标评价与甜酸比、糖酸比相比结果差别较大。

表4 果实风味指标的比较(平均值±标准误差)
Table 4 Comparison of fruit flavor parameters in 8 citrus cultivars(mean±SE)

注:口感评价分为酸、酸甜、酸甜适口、甜酸及甜5 级。
Note:The taste evaluation is divided into 5 grades:sour,sweet and sour,palatable sour and sweet,sweet and sour and sweet.

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8 个杂交柑橘品种中‘红美人’的总甜度、甜酸比和糖酸比均为最大。‘甘平’的总甜度不低,但由于受有机酸的影响,其甜酸比和糖酸比为8 个品种中最小,固酸比也为最小。经口感评价获得的结果基本与甜酸比、糖酸比指标相一致。

3 讨 论

糖分是果实风味物质的主要成分,并调控果实发育中许多物质的代谢过程。柑橘果实中积累的糖主要是果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,它们的口感甜度不同,而不同柑橘品种的独有风味由这3种糖的不同比例所决定[24]。本研究中8个杂柑品种果实中的可溶性糖主要为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,其中蔗糖含量最高(占可溶性总糖含量的41.54%~64.60%),与前期研究[5,20,25]结果基本一致。对糖组分比例的研究结果表明:蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖比例为(1.4~3.8)∶1∶1,平均约为2.5∶1∶1,数值范围较大,主要原因可能是杂交柑橘亲本来源复杂,品种间差异大。另外,关于柑橘中糖积累方面的研究结论为以蔗糖积累[5,26-27]为主,是基于研究的主要试材为我国主栽品种宽皮柑橘及一些地方特色的橙、柚等,而对杂柑类品种研究较少。现今,随着新品种的育成、引进及研究的深入,以市场为导向的品种结构调整进程加快,杂柑类品种发展迅猛,为此,新试材的研究结果较以前有所不同,如本研究中有3 个杂柑品种为蔗糖与己糖共同积累,与孙达[25]对杂柑‘小院枳柚’的研究结果一致,也曾有报道马叙葡萄柚成熟汁胞中的蔗糖和己糖分别占可溶性总糖的45%和55%[28]及甜来檬[29]主要以己糖积累等。另外,果实糖酸含量为数量性状,由多基因控制,表现型容易受环境影响[5],目前浙江引种的杂交柑橘,基本属中晚熟品种,因受制当地气候因素,较多采用高品质生产模式,如设施栽培、精准肥水管理、完熟采收等,这些措施在温州蜜柑品质提升研究[30]中已获证实,目前应用于‘红美人’等杂柑上发现果品较以前品质更优。

果实的酸味主要来自有机酸,其含量是决定风味和果实品质的重要指标[31-32]。根据对不同柑橘有机酸的诸多研究[25,33-34]结果,表明果实中有机酸有柠檬酸、奎尼酸、酒石酸和苹果酸等多种组分,但大多数品种以1~2种为主,其中高酸品种以柠檬酸为主,而低酸品种以苹果酸为主。不同的酸产生的酸味强度具有差异性,柠檬酸产生酸感快,持续时间短,而苹果酸酸味爽口,微有涩苦,呈味速度较缓慢,酸感维持时间强于柠檬酸[35]。杨阳等[20]对5 个晚熟柑橘品种的研究结果为果实有机酸以柠檬酸和苹果酸为主且柠檬酸占总酸含量为72.88%~87.11%,经比较,本研究中有6个品种的结果与其基本相近,其余2个杂柑品种‘春香’和‘091 沃柑’的苹果酸含量很高,占比与柠檬酸相当。另外,莽草酸在柑橘有机酸研究中因含量较低而极少被关注,本次研究发现8 个品种中莽草酸均有检出,其中‘黄美人’杂柑含量最高,占比接近10%,‘春见’也不低。结果较以前不同的原因,主要还是基于杂交柑橘亲本的复杂性。而作为至今亲本未明的‘黄美人’杂柑,对于其莽草酸含量的特殊性,设想是否可以作为品种识别一个指标而应用于品种鉴定上,此研究值得进一步探索。

糖酸是柑橘果实的核心食用品质,一直为研究的重点和热点[6]。利用糖、酸组分含量以及各种糖的甜度、各种酸的酸味强度等指标进行甜酸风味的综合评价,在苹果、梨、桃等[13,16-17]水果中研究较多。本研究采用甜度值、甜酸比、糖酸比及固酸比等指标对8 个杂交柑橘品种的甜酸风味进行评价,发现以甜酸比、糖酸比排序结果相对较一致,而固酸比却偏差较大,同时还发现品种间(如‘红美人’与‘黄美人’以及‘明日见’与‘春见’)甜酸比、糖酸比为差异显著而固酸比则为差异不显著,说明前两者比后者更能区分。鉴于固酸比指标非常粗略,建议柑橘品质评价指标采用甜酸比或糖酸比更为合适,更适合水果品质评价研究[10];但由于甜酸比或糖酸比数值的获得目前是依靠实验室检测且不能实时作出判断,因此在实际田间及现场评价应用上存在问题,为此,通常仍采用操作简单的可溶性固形物含量或固酸比指标。对于存在的问题,解决的途径设想为根据糖酸组分测定结果和甜酸风味评价结果,对柑橘的甜酸风味进行分类,再结合固酸比指标,建立基础数据库,并将甜酸比、糖酸比与可溶性固形物含量及固酸比的数据建模,即能通过可溶性固形物含量及固酸比转化成糖酸比指标进行评价,为引导消费、品质评价及品种选育提供参考。

4 结 论

8个杂交柑橘品种的糖酸组分含量及特征研究结果表明:3 个杂柑品种‘黄美人’‘明日见’‘甘平’的糖分为己糖与蔗糖共同积累,其余5 个品种以蔗糖积累为主;‘春香’和‘091 沃柑’的有机酸主要为苹果酸和柠檬酸且二者比例接近,其余6 个品种以柠檬酸为主。经口感评价、甜度值、甜酸比、糖酸比等多方位评价比较,建议以甜酸比或糖酸比作为杂柑类品种品质评价指标,打破原先单一的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比的评价模式,更加符合果品的品质评价要求。本研究可以为不同类型的消费者提供消费指引,细化果品市场;同时有利于柑橘栽培品种的选择以及品质调控,为品种的选育及推广提供依据。

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A study on the components and characteristics of sugars and acids in 8 hybrid citrus cultivars

LIN Mei1,YAO Zhoulin1,WANG Tianyu1,XU Yang2,XU Jianguo1,ZHANG Weiqing1

(1Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang,Taizhou 318020,Zhejiang,China;2Agricultural Economic Specialty Technology Promotion Center of Xiangshan County,Ningbo 315700,Zhejiang,China)

Abstract:【Objective】Fruit quality is an important basis for evaluating fruit varieties and determines their competitiveness in the market. Sugar and acid components are important indicators of fruit flavor and quality.Hybrid citrus from natural or artificial hybridization between citrus species have the characteristics of nutrition, flavor and peeling easiness of citrus, tangerine, orange, or pomelo.Therefore, hybrid citrus play an important role in the adjustment of the citrus variety structure.At present, research on hybrid citrus mainly focuses on the aspects of botanical characters,biological characteristics and cultivation techniques,and very few studies have made on fruit quality,especially sugar and acid composition.This paper comprehensively evaluated the sugar and acid components and sweet-sour flavor characteristics of 8 introduced hybrid citrus cultivars in Zhejiang.【Methods】Ion chromatography and highperformance liquid chromatography were used to determine the compositions and contents of sugars and acids in the fruits, and the sweetness value, sweet-sour ratio, and sugar-acid ratio were used as the indexes for evaluation. An ion chromatography electrochemical detector and a standard four-potential acquisition method with a PA10 anion exchange column(4 mm×250 mm)and the same type of guard column were used to determine sugar components.Mobile phase A was water while B was 200 mmoL·L-1 NaOH with gradient elution and equilibration for 5 min.High-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column(4.6 mm×300 mm,5 μm)and the same type of guard column was used to determine acid components.The column temperature was 40 ℃, the flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, the detection wavelength was 210 nm,and the mobile phase was KH2PO4 buffer with a pH value of 2.65(containing 0.5%methanol). The collection time was 35 min and quantification was made using the external standard method.The soluble solids (TSS) were measured by a Brix meter (PAL-1), and the titratable acid (TA)was measured with titration. Data processing and statistical analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0 software,respectively.【Results】The total sugar content in fruits of the 8 citrus cultivars was in the range of 83.78-127.66 mg·g-1, in an order of‘Hongmeiren’>‘Huangmeiren’>‘Kanpei’>‘Asumi’>‘Orah 091’>‘Haruka’>‘Himekoharu’>‘Harumi’, and the main sugar components were glucose,fructose and sucrose.Sucrose accounted for 41.54%-64.60%of the total soluble sugars, and the contents of glucose and fructose were similar. The total acid content ranged between 6.28 and 10.70 mg·g-1, and the content of citric acid, malic acid and shikimic acid accounted for 45.58%-88.06%, 7.84%-53.22% and 1.14%-9.59% of the total acid content, respectively. The total acid content in the eight hybrid citrus cultivars was in the order of‘Kanpei’>‘Asumi’>‘Huangmeiren’>‘Hongmeiren’>‘Himekoharu’>‘Harumi’>‘Orah 091’>‘Haruka’. The content of malic acid in‘Haruka’and‘Orah 091’was higher than in the other cultivars, and the contents of fructose,glucose and shikimic acid in‘Huangmeiren’were the highest.‘Hongmeiren’had the highest total sweetness, sweet-sour ratio and sugar-acid ratio. The taste of the 8 hybrid citrus cultivars fell in 5 grades including sour, sweet, sweet-sour, palatable sour-sweet and sour-sweet, and the rate of sweetsour was in the order of‘Hongmeiren’>‘Huangmeiren’>‘Orah 091’>‘Haruka’>‘Asumi’>‘Himekoharu’>‘Harumi’>‘Kanpei’. The total sweetness of‘Kanpei’was not low, because of the influence of organic acids, its sweet-sour ratio and sugar-acid ratio were the smallest among the 8 hybrid citrus.【Conclusion】The sugars of‘Huangmeiren’,‘Asumi’and‘Kanpei’among the 8 hybrid citrus accumulated both hexose and sucrose, while the other 5 varieties accumulated mainly sucrose. The sum of citric acid and malic acid in the 8 hybrid citrus cultivrs accounted for >90% of the total acids.The ratio of malic acid to citric acid in‘Haruka’and‘091 Wokan’was similar, and the others were dominated by citric acid. Due to the differences in the contribution of sugar and acid components to taste,the sweet-sour ratio,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio were used in this study to rank the varieties.The results of sugar-acid ratio and sweet-sour ratio were generally consistent,but the evaluation results based on solid-acid ratio, sweet-sour ratio and sugar-acid ratio had greater deviations. Finally, it was suggested that the sweet-sour ratio or sugar-acid ratio can be used as the quality evaluation index.This study provides data for selection and promotion of citrus varieties as well as reference of citrus flavors for consumers.

Key words: Hybrid citrus; Cultivar; Sugar and acid component; Component characteristics; Quality evaluation

中图分类号S666

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-9980(2021)02-0202-10

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20200373

收稿日期:2020-09-23接受日期:2020-11-09

基金项目:浙江省农业重大技术协同推广项目(2018XTTGSG011);国家农产品质量安全风险评估计划项目(GJFP2018004)

作者简介:林媚,高级实验师,硕士,研究方向为农产品品质营养与安全。Tel:13968403809,E-mail:1311219778@qq.com